%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Leadville National Fish Hatchery http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/leadville-national-fish-hatchery <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Leadville National Fish Hatchery</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--674--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--674.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/leadville-national-fish-hatchery-1903"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Z-2567_0.jpg?itok=DX6CJpkP" width="1000" height="704" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/leadville-national-fish-hatchery-1903" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Leadville National Fish Hatchery, 1903</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Ponds at the Leadville National Fish Hatchery have raised trout for more than 125 years.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--676--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--676.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/leadville-national-fish-hatchery"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Leadville_National_Fish_Hatchery_0.jpg?itok=NJtwwGtL" width="1000" height="750" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/leadville-national-fish-hatchery" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Leadville National Fish Hatchery</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Located at the base of Mt. Massive near Leadville, the hatchery has been a tourist destination since its construction.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-09-15T13:20:40-06:00" title="Tuesday, September 15, 2015 - 13:20" class="datetime">Tue, 09/15/2015 - 13:20</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/leadville-national-fish-hatchery" data-a2a-title="Leadville National Fish Hatchery"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fleadville-national-fish-hatchery&amp;title=Leadville%20National%20Fish%20Hatchery"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The Leadville National Fish Hatchery was established in 1889 at the base of <strong>Mt. Massive</strong> and has raised fish to stock the country’s inland waterways for more than 125 years. After successfully eliminating a whirling disease outbreak in the early 2000s, the hatchery began to raise the greenback cutthroat trout, Colorado’s endangered<a href="/article/state-fish"> <strong>state fish</strong></a>. In 2013 the US Fish and Wildlife Service considered closing the hatchery because of budgetary concerns, but new appropriations ensured that the hatchery will continue its fish-management missions for the foreseeable future.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Raising Trout in the Rockies</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The US Fish Commission started in 1871 and soon established a national fish hatchery program with the goal of stabilizing and increasing the number of freshwater food fish in inland waterways. In 1888 the US Fish Commissioner began to search for a site in the <a href="/article/rocky-mountains"><strong>Rocky Mountains</strong></a> to build a new national fish hatchery that could be used for breeding game fish and replenishing fish in the country’s rivers and streams. A 3,072-acre site near <a href="/article/leadville"><strong>Leadville</strong></a> at the base of Mt. Massive satisfied the basic requirements: a plentiful supply of cold, clean water from mountain streams and nearby sources of native cutthroat trout.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>President Benjamin Harrison signed an executive order establishing the Leadville hatchery in 1889. That summer Congress appropriated $15,000 for the hatchery’s construction. The cornerstone for the main hatchery building was laid in October 1889. Thirty stonemasons used native sandstone to construct the building, which is about one hundred feet by forty feet and contains a large central room for hatching fish.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Tourism has always played a large role at the hatchery, and the site was designed from the beginning with visitors in mind. The main hatchery building commands a striking view east across the <strong><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/arkansas-river">Arkansas River</a> </strong>to Leadville and the mountains beyond. When the building opened in November 1890, one local newspaper article called it “the most magnificent building in western Colorado.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The hatchery began to raise trout even before the main building was completed. Hatchery workers collected eggs from high-altitude lakes and incubated them at a temporary building in 1889. In 1891, after two years of growth, the hatchery’s first batch of trout was ready for distribution to Colorado, South Dakota, and Nebraska. Eventually the Leadville hatchery began to send fish across the United States; eggs were shipped as far away as Japan. Many of these fish were transported by rail, traveling in cars designed specifically to carry fish, though in the early years some reached their final destination in milk cans hauled by horse and buggy.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Recent History</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville National Fish Hatchery has been in operation for more than 125 years, supplying fish to stock the nation’s rivers and streams and enhance the experience of tourist fishermen in the Rocky Mountains. In the past twenty years, however, it has twice been threatened with closure.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1995 the waters at the hatchery tested positive for whirling disease, a parasitic disease that can cause deformities, erratic behavior, and eventually death among trout and salmon. That year Colorado implemented new regulations prohibiting whirling disease–positive hatcheries from supplying fish to river systems where the disease had not yet been found. This restricted the Leadville hatchery to stocking low-elevation waters already contaminated with the disease.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The whirling disease concern, along with budgetary problems, prompted the US Fish and Wildlife Service to consider closing the hatchery in the late 1990s. The hatchery stayed open, however, because it still played a valuable role in supplying fish to low-elevation lakes and rivers. In fiscal year 2000, for example, it produced more than 200,000 trout and stocked more than twenty areas.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The hatchery experienced a rebirth after 2003, when Congress appropriated $1.8 million for a new water treatment plant, which was installed in 2004. The hatchery also stopped using its old earthen-bottom ponds and added eight new concrete raceways for rearing trout. As a result of these changes, the hatchery completely eliminated whirling disease by the start of 2007, allowing it to resume stocking high-elevation waters where the disease was not present.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After it eradicated whirling disease from its culture facilities, the Leadville hatchery began to raise greenback cutthroat trout, the Colorado state fish. The greenback cutthroat trout population in Colorado declined precipitously over the twentieth century, when it was displaced by other cutthroat trout species, mistakenly believed to be greenback cutthroats, that were stocked in the state’s waters. The greenback cutthroat trout is endangered and occurs in the wild in only one creek, west of Colorado Springs. The Leadville hatchery now holds more than 500 adult greenback cutthroat trout. Offspring from these fish were released into Zimmerman Lake, north of <a href="/article/rocky-mountain-national-park"><strong>Rocky Mountain National Park</strong></a>, in August 2014. The state has plans to reintroduce several populations of the fish throughout its historic home waters in the upper <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/south-platte-river"><strong>South Platte River</strong></a> Basin.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 the US Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a comprehensive review of its fish hatcheries nationwide. As a result of that year’s federal budget sequestration, the agency considered closing the Leadville hatchery (along with other hatcheries across the country). In response to the agency’s review, Congress substantially increased the national fish hatchery budget, eliminating the possibility of hatchery closures for the time being.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville hatchery celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2014.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/us-fish-and-wildlife-service" hreflang="en">US Fish and Wildlife Service</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fishing" hreflang="en">fishing</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/greenback-cutthroat-trout" hreflang="en">greenback cutthroat trout</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/leadville" hreflang="en">Leadville</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mt-massive" hreflang="en">Mt. Massive</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/whirling-disease" hreflang="en">whirling disease</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>“<a href="https://www.leadvilleherald.com/sports/article_f412d7d0-2e37-11e4-84eb-001a4bcf6878.html">Hatchery Has Role in Restoring Greenback Cutthroats</a>,” <em>Leadville Herald Democrat</em>, August 27, 2014.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Marcia Martinek, “<a href="https://www.leadvilleherald.com/news/article_5958ca82-5224-11e3-b74a-001a4bcf6878.html">Hatcheries May Close in 2015</a>,” <em>Leadville Herald Democrat</em>, November 20, 2013.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Greg Rowlett, “Leadville National Fish Hatchery,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form (November 14, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>US Fish and Wildlife Service, “Leadville National Fish Hatchery: An Historical Perspective” (1989).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>US Fish and Wildlife Service, “National Fish Hatchery System: Strategic Hatchery and Workforce Planning Report” (March 2013).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="http://mercury.pr.erau.edu/~lyallj/FLNFH/index.html">Friends of the Leadville National Fish Hatchery</a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“<a href="http://www.fws.gov/leadville/index.htm">Leadville National Fish Hatchery</a>,” US Fish and Wildlife Service.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Terry Rosenlund, ed., <em>Leadville National Fish Hatchery: Centennial, 1889–1989</em> (US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1989).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>The Leadville National Fish Hatchery was started in 1889. It raises fish to put in rivers and streams across America. The hatchery raises greenback cutthroat trout, Colorado’s <strong>state fish</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Raising Trout in the Rockies</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The US Fish Commission began in 1871. It started a national fish hatchery program. A hatchery takes fish eggs and hatches them. When the fish are big enough, they are released into the wild. The goal is to increase the number of fish in rivers and streams.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1888 the Fish Commission looked for a place in the Rocky Mountains to build a new national fish hatchery. They found a large site near <strong>Leadville</strong>. It had plenty of cold, clean water from mountain streams. There were nearby sources of native cutthroat trout.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1889, President Benjamin Harrison approved the Leadville hatchery. Congress gave $15,000 to construct a building. The building has a large central room with tanks for hatching and growing fish.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The building opened in November 1890. One local newspaper article called it “the most magnificent building in western Colorado.” It was designed so visitors could view and learn about the fish. The main hatchery has a view of Leadville and the mountains.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The hatchery began to raise trout. Hatchery workers collected eggs from high-altitude lakes. In 1889 the eggs were hatched and the fish grew. After two years, the hatchery released the trout in rivers and lakes in Colorado, South Dakota, and Nebraska. The hatchery began to send fish across the United States. Many of the fish were transported on trains. They traveled in cars designed to carry fish. In the early years, some of the fish reached rivers and streams in milk cans hauled by horse and buggy.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Recent History</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In the past twenty years, the Hatchery has almost been closed two times.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1995 the water at the hatchery was found to have “whirling disease.” This is a disease that affects fish. It can cause odd behavior and death. Many lakes and rivers at low elevations already had whirling disease. The hatchery could provide fish to these waters. But they could not put their fish in places that did not have the disease. The hatchery could not put their fish in high altitude rivers and streams.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Fish and Wildlife Service considered closing the hatchery because of the whirling disease. But, the hatchery stayed open. It still had an important role. It put fish in low-elevation lakes and rivers. In 2000, it put more than 200,000 fish into twenty areas.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2003, Congress provided money to update the hatchery. They built a new water treatment plant. The hatchery stopped using its old dirt-bottom ponds. Eight new concrete raceway ponds were added. By 2007, the whirling disease was gone. The hatchery was able to put their fish into high-elevation waters again.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville hatchery began to raise greenback cutthroat trout. These are the Colorado state fish. The greenback cutthroat trout is endangered. There were only few of them left in the wild. The Leadville hatchery now has about 500 adult greenback cutthroat trout. In 2014, the young from these fish were released near <strong>Rocky Mountain National Park</strong>. Soon, more of the greenback cutthroat trout will be put into Colorado’s waters.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 the hatchery was almost closed because of a lack of money. New funding was found so that the hatchery is able to continue. The Leadville hatchery celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2014.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>The Leadville National Fish Hatchery was established in 1889. It has raised fish to stock the country’s rivers and streams for more than 125 years. The Hatchery had a whirling disease outbreak in the early 2000s. They were able to combat the disease. The hatchery raises greenback cutthroat trout, Colorado’s endangered <strong>state fish</strong>. In 2013 the hatchery was almost closed because of funding. New funding was found so that the hatchery is able to continue its fish-management mission.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Raising Trout in the Rockies</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The US Fish Commission started in 1871 and began a national fish hatchery program. The goal was to increase the number of freshwater fish in rivers and streams. In 1888 the US Fish Commission began to search for a site in the Rocky Mountains to build a new national fish hatchery. It would be used for breeding fish and restocking fish throughout the country. A large site near <strong>Leadville</strong> at the base of <strong>Mt. Massive</strong> was found. It had a plenty of cold, clean water from mountain streams and nearby sources of native cutthroat trout.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1889, President Benjamin Harrison signed an executive order to start the Leadville hatchery. Congress set aside $15,000 to build the hatchery. Stonemasons used native sandstone to construct the building. The building has a large central room with many tanks for hatching and growing fish.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The building opened in November 1890. The site was designed to accommodate visitors. The main hatchery has a view of Leadville and the mountains beyond. One local newspaper article called it “the most magnificent building in western Colorado.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The hatchery began to raise trout. Hatchery workers collected eggs from high-altitude lakes. They were incubated in a temporary building in 1889. In 1891, after two years of growth, the hatchery’s first batch of trout was ready for distribution to Colorado, South Dakota, and Nebraska. The Leadville hatchery began to send fish across the United States. Eggs were shipped as far away as Japan. Many of the fish were transported by rail. They traveled in cars designed specifically to carry fish. In the early years, some of the fish reached their destinations in milk cans hauled by horse and buggy.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Recent History</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville National Fish Hatchery has been in operation for more than 125 years, supplying fish to the nation’s rivers and streams. In the past twenty years, however, the hatchery has been threatened two times with closure.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1995 the waters at the hatchery tested positive for “whirling disease.” This is a parasitic disease. It can cause deformities, erratic behavior, and death among trout and salmon. Hatcheries with whirling disease could not supply fish to rivers and streams where the disease was not found. The Leadville hatchery could only stock low-elevation waters that already had the disease.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The US Fish and Wildlife Service considered closing the hatchery in the late 1990s. They were concerned about the whirling disease, as well as funding. The hatchery stayed open, however, because it still had a valuable role. It still supplied fish to low-elevation lakes and rivers. In 2000, for example, it produced more than 200,000 fish into twenty areas.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2003, Congress budgeted $1.8 million for a new water treatment plant. The hatchery stopped using its old dirt-bottom ponds. It added eight new concrete raceway tanks for rearing trout. By 2007, the whirling disease was gone. The hatchery was able to stock high-elevation waters where the disease was not present.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville hatchery began to raise greenback cutthroat trout, the Colorado state fish. The greenback cutthroat trout is endangered. It occurs in the wild in only one creek, west of Colorado Springs. The greenback cutthroat trout population in Colorado had declined since the 1900s. Fish that were thought to be greenback cutthroats had been stocked in the state’s waters. In fact, they were other cutthroat trout species.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville hatchery now holds more than 500 adult greenback cutthroat trout. In 2014, offspring from these fish were released into Zimmerman Lake, near <strong>Rocky Mountain National Park</strong>. The state plans to reintroduce several populations of the fish in the upper <strong>South Platte River</strong> Basin.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 the US Fish and Wildlife Service reviewed its fish hatcheries. The agency considered closing the Leadville hatchery, along with other hatcheries across the country. However, in response to the agency’s review, Congress decided instead to increase the national fish hatchery budget. This ensured that the Leadville hatchery would remain open. The Leadville hatchery celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2014.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>The Leadville National Fish Hatchery was established in 1889 at the base of Mt. Massive. It has raised fish to stock the country’s inland waterways for more than 125 years. The hatchery successfully eliminated a whirling disease outbreak in the early 2000s. The hatchery began to raise greenback cutthroat trout, Colorado’s endangered <strong>state fish</strong>. In 2013 the US Fish and Wildlife Service considered closing the hatchery because of funding concerns. New funding was found so that the hatchery will continue its fish-management mission.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Raising Trout in the Rockies</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The US Fish Commission started in 1871 and established a national fish hatchery program. The goal was to stabilize and increase the number of freshwater food fish in rivers and streams. In 1888 the US Fish Commissioner began to search for a site in the Rocky Mountains to build a new national fish hatchery. It would be used for breeding game fish and replenishing fish in the country’s waterways. A 3,072-acre site near <strong>Leadville</strong> at the base of <strong>Mt. Massive</strong> satisfied the requirements. It had a plentiful supply of cold, clean water from mountain streams and nearby sources of native cutthroat trout.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>President Benjamin Harrison signed an executive order establishing the Leadville hatchery in 1889. That summer Congress set aside $15,000 for the hatchery’s construction. The cornerstone for the main hatchery building was laid in October 1889. Thirty stonemasons used native sandstone to construct the building. The building contains a large central room for hatching fish.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Tourism has always played a large role at the hatchery. The site was designed from the beginning with visitors in mind. The main hatchery building has a striking view east across the <strong>Arkansas River</strong> to Leadville and the mountains beyond. When the building opened in November 1890, one local newspaper article called it “the most magnificent building in western Colorado.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The hatchery began to raise trout even before the main building was completed. Hatchery workers collected eggs from high-altitude lakes and incubated them at a temporary building in 1889. In 1891, after two years of growth, the hatchery’s first batch of trout was ready for distribution to Colorado, South Dakota, and Nebraska. Eventually the Leadville hatchery began to send fish across the United States. Eggs were shipped as far away as Japan. Many of these fish were transported by rail, traveling in cars designed specifically to carry fish. In the early years some of the fish reached their destinations in milk cans hauled by horse and buggy.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Recent History</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville National Fish Hatchery has been in operation for more than 125 years, supplying fish to stock the nation’s rivers and streams. It has helped to enhance the experience of fishermen in the Rocky Mountains. In the past twenty years, however, the Hatchery has been threatened two times with closure.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1995 the waters at the hatchery tested positive for “whirling disease.” This is a parasitic disease that can cause deformities, erratic behavior, and eventually death in trout and salmon. That year, new regulations prohibited hatcheries with whirling disease from supplying fish to river systems where the disease had not yet been found. Whirling disease was not found at high elevations.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville hatchery could only stock low-elevation waters that already had the disease.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The whirling disease concern, along with budgetary problems, prompted the US Fish and Wildlife Service to consider closing the hatchery in the late 1990s. The hatchery stayed open, however, because it still played a valuable role. It supplied fish to low-elevation lakes and rivers. In 2000, for example, it produced more than 200,000 trout and stocked more than twenty areas.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The hatchery experienced a rebirth after 2003. Congress appropriated $1.8 million for a new water treatment plant, which was installed in 2004. The hatchery stopped using its old earthen-bottom ponds and added eight new concrete raceway tanks for rearing trout. As a result of these changes, the hatchery completely eliminated whirling disease by the start of 2007.  It resumed stocking high-elevation waters where the disease was not present.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville hatchery began to raise greenback cutthroat trout, the Colorado state fish. The greenback cutthroat trout population in Colorado had declined during the twentieth century because they had been displaced by other cutthroat trout species. These other cutthroats had been mistakenly believed to be greenback cutthroats and were stocked in the state’s waters. The greenback cutthroat trout is endangered and occurs in the wild in only one creek, west of Colorado Springs. The Leadville hatchery now holds more than 500 adult greenback cutthroat trout. Offspring from these fish were released into Zimmerman Lake, north of <strong>Rocky Mountain National Park</strong>, in August 2014. The state has plans to reintroduce several populations of the fish throughout its historic home waters in the upper <strong>South Platte River</strong> Basin.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 the US Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a comprehensive review of its fish hatcheries nationwide. As a result of that year’s federal budget, the agency considered closing the Leadville hatchery, along with other hatcheries across the country. However, in response to the agency’s review, Congress decided to substantially increase the national fish hatchery budget. This eliminated the possibility of hatchery closures for the time being.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Leadville hatchery celebrated its 125th anniversary in 2014.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Tue, 15 Sep 2015 19:20:40 +0000 yongli 624 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org