%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Denver Museum of Nature & Science http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-museum-nature-science-0 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2348--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2348.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/denver-museum-nature-science" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science (DMNS) is the largest natural history museum between Chicago and the West Coast of the United States.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1602--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1602.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/colorado-museum-natural-history-1908"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Denver%20Museum%20Media%201.jpg?itok=afVVq-v2" width="1090" height="869" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/colorado-museum-natural-history-1908" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado Museum of Natural History 1908</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Colorado Museum of Natural History, as it was then known, in 1908.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1603--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1603.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/schwachheim-and-brown-folsom-site"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Denver%20Museum%20Media%202_0.jpg?itok=UiqkRw_g" width="1090" height="769" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/schwachheim-and-brown-folsom-site" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Schwachheim and Brown at the Folsom Site</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Carl Schwachheim points out an artifact at the Folsom site as Barnum Brown of the American Museum of Natural History looks on.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1604--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1604.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/frances-and-mary-crane"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Denver%20Museum%20Media%203.jpg?itok=XDujJ7Pg" width="1090" height="868" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/frances-and-mary-crane" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Frances and Mary Crane</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Frances and Mary Crane donated their collection of Native American objects to Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science in 1968.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2349--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2349.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/snowmastodon-sculture"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Denver_Museum_of_Nature_Science_0002_0.jpg?itok=KhW-7Pjr" width="1000" height="1337" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/snowmastodon-sculture" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Snowmastodon Sculture</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The bronze sculpture of an American mastodon (Mammut americanum) is permanently installed outside the Museum.</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://www.dmns.org/science/the-snowmastodon-project/snowmastodon-sculpture/">More information about Snowmastonon sculpture.</a></p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2350--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2350.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/children-excavate-fossils-discovery-zone"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Denver_Museum_of_Nature_Science_0003_0.jpg?itok=xmYh_Y_D" width="1000" height="1342" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/children-excavate-fossils-discovery-zone" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Children &quot;excavate&quot; fossils at the Discovery Zone</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Discovery Zone<strong> </strong>is bursting with activities that help build a strong foundation of science skills in young children through hands-on, highly experiential Museum experiences. Exhibits, activities, and programs focus on science process skills, such as observing, quantifying, inquiring, analyzing, creating, and communicating. Children can "excavate" fossils, manipulate and observe water in action, experiment with building methods and materials, and&nbsp;conduct investigations and create art projects.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-11-19T16:23:12-07:00" title="Thursday, November 19, 2015 - 16:23" class="datetime">Thu, 11/19/2015 - 16:23</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-museum-nature-science-0" data-a2a-title="Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fdenver-museum-nature-science-0&amp;title=Denver%20Museum%20of%20Nature%20%26%20Science"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science (DMNS) is the largest natural history museum between Chicago and the West Coast of the United States. Incorporated on December 6, 1900 as the Colorado Museum of Natural History, the museum was known as the Denver Museum of Natural History throughout much of the twentieth century.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The origins of DMNS, like those of the city of <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>, can be traced in large part to the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>gold rush</strong></a> of the middle nineteenth century. One of the many migrants who came to Colorado was <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/edwin-carter"><strong>Edwin Carter</strong></a>, who became one of the few successful miners during the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>Colorado Gold Rush</strong></a>. In 1868 Carter decided to give up gold mining and pursue his love of science and nature. Over the next three decades he amassed nearly 3,300 specimens of Colorado fauna. As he grew older, he dreamed of turning his collection into the foundations of a museum: “As Denver is destined to be among the great cities of the Continent,” he once said, “so will a museum here founded” that would “grow up to be one of the great entertaining and educational institutions in the country.” In 1899, just three months before Carter died, a group of prominent Colorado citizens purchased his collection with the intention of establishing a natural history museum in Denver.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After eight years of initial construction and the assembly of a collection of 3,400 specimens, the museum opened its Greek Revival doors to the public in 1908, exhibiting rare minerals, exotic birds and mammals, and extraordinary cultural objects. The museum was built in Denver’s new <a href="/article/city-park"><strong>City Park</strong></a>, which was a product of the <a href="/article/city-beautiful-movement-denver"><strong>City Beautiful movement</strong></a> that municipal leaders had first seen implemented in Chicago at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. Now centrally located in a vast metropolis, City Park was then on the outskirts of town, serviced only by a dirt road and surrounded by fields of oats and hay.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After stumbling through its first years, the museum found its footing under the leadership of Director Jesse Dade Figgins, who had been hired away from New York’s American Museum of Natural History. Collections accumulated, and the building quintupled in size. By 1912 the museum received more than 100,000 visitors each year, a number equivalent to almost half of Denver’s population.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Within a decade of the museum’s opening, scientific research joined exhibition as an integral part of the institution’s activities, though initial research focused on zoology and paleontology instead of anthropology or archaeology. In 1927, however, museum staff led by Figgins in Folsom, New Mexico made one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the twentieth century: <a href="/article/paleo-indian-period"><strong>Paleo-Indian</strong></a> projectile points in direct association with the bones of <em>Bison antiquus</em>, an extinct species of bison. This discovery—confirmed and verified in the field by the American Museum of Natural History’s Barnum Brown and the Smithsonian Institution’s Frank H.H. Roberts, among others—revolutionized North American archaeology by pushing the known occupation of North America back by thousands of years, to the end of the last Ice Age, which was then believed to have ended about 10,000 years ago.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After more than a decade of archaeological excavations directed by nonarchaeologists, the Department of Archaeology was formally created in 1935, when the Museum hired <a href="/article/hannah-marie-wormington"><strong>Hannah Marie Wormington</strong></a>, a twenty-one-year-old with a bachelor’s degree in anthropology from the University of Denver. Building on the Folsom discovery, Paleo-Indian research was the department’s primary focus for the next thirty years, although Wormington also conducted fieldwork in western Colorado on <a href="/article/archaic-period-colorado"><strong>Archaic</strong></a> and <a href="/article/fremont-culture"><strong>Fremont</strong></a> cultural sites and accepted donations of ethnological materials. In 1937 Wormington was named the first curator of archaeology. She oversaw the opening of the museum’s first permanent anthropology exhibit, the Hall of the Prehistoric Peoples of the Americas in 1956.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>As Denver’s natural history museum was blossoming, Mary W.A. Crane and her husband, Francis V. Crane, purchased their first Native American artifact in 1951. The affluent Cranes would spend nearly the next two decades doing little else but collecting Indian objects from throughout North America, from Alaska’s Point Hope to Florida’s Keys. The Crane Collection, amassed from more than 300 primary and secondary sources, has many of the most essential objects for examining Native North American ways of life.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Cranes missed the heyday of collecting that established anthropology at institutions such as the Field Museum in Chicago, the American Museum of Natural History in New York, the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the Museum of the American Indian (now the National Museum of the American Indian) in Washington, D.C. But as these museums began focusing more on display and less on collecting, the Cranes began purchasing select important items that remained on the market. Although the Crane collection includes pieces that date to the 1700s, much of their efforts focused on materials from the mid-twentieth century. Thus, their collection represents an important period of collecting not often well represented in other major museums.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Mary Crane served on the Board of the Denver Museum of Natural History, and in 1968 the museum agreed to serve as the collection’s new steward. The Cranes donated their entire collection of nearly 12,000 objects, as well as photographic and paper documentation. With this addition, the DMNH created the Department of Anthropology. To this day, the Crane Collection is one of the largest private American collections ever to form the basis for a museum department in the United States.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1978, the Crane American Indian Cultures Hall was completed under the direction of Arminta Neal and Joyce Herold, with guidance and assistance from a unique committee of twenty-five indigenous advisors, the Native American Resources Group. The dioramas for the exhibit were widely considered superb, state-of-the-art for the time, and received rave reviews by the public and scholars alike for their beauty, sensitivity, and accuracy. They remain a favorite feature of the exhibit hall for many visitors.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>During the subsequent two decades, the Department of Anthropology increasingly focused on public education and temporary exhibits. In 1987, the national blockbuster exhibit <em>Ramses II: The Great Pharaoh and His Time</em> came to the DMNH, attracting nearly 1 million visitors. Exhibitions with anthropological themes grew to be a regular part of the DMNH, and subsequent exhibits proved highly popular, including both museum-produced and hosted traveling exhibits, such as <em>Nomad: Masters of Eurasian Steppe</em> (1990), <em>Aztec: The World of Moctezuma</em> (1992), <em>Machu Picchu: Unveiling the Mystery of the Incas</em> (2004), <em>Lewis and Clark: The National Bicentennial Exhibition</em> (2005), <em>Genghis Khan</em> (2009), <em>A Day in Pompeii </em>(2012), <em>Maya: Hidden Worlds Revealed </em>(2014), and <em>Traveling the Silk Road</em> (2015).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2000, the name was changed to the Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science to better reflect that both nature and science are integral parts of its mission and community and will remain so in the future. Today, DMNS attracts more than 1.4 million visitors per year, including more than 300,000 school children. Its volunteer program is a world leader, with 1,800 volunteers devoting more than 238,000 hours per year (the labor equivalent of 117 permanent employees) to the museum’s mission. More than a century after its founding, the Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science remains committed to continuing its legacy of innovative research, meaningful public education, and caring for the cultural treasures in its collections.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/nash-stephen-e" hreflang="und">Nash, Stephen E. </a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/colwell-chanthaphonh-chip" hreflang="und">Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-museum-natural-history" hreflang="en">Denver Museum of Natural History</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-museum-natural-history" hreflang="en">Colorado Museum of Natural History</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-museum-nature-science" hreflang="en">Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/museums" hreflang="en">museums</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/archaeology" hreflang="en">archaeology</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/anthropology" hreflang="en">anthropology</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/ethnology" hreflang="en">ethnology</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/jesse-figgins" hreflang="en">Jesse Figgins</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Kristine A. Haglund, Richard K. Stucky, and Pamela Wineman, “A Museum Here Founded: A Summative History,” in <em>Denver’s Natural History Museum: A History</em>, ed. Kirk Johnson et al., Annals No. 4 (Denver: Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science, 2013).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Stephen E. Nash, and Steven R. Holen, <em>Crossroads of Culture: Anthropology Collections at the Denver Museum of             Nature &amp; Science</em> (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2010).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Kris Haglund, <em>D</em><em>enver Museum of Natural History: The First 90 Years</em> (Denver: Denver Museum of Natural History, 1990).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Joyce Herold, “Grand Amateur Collecting in the Mid-Twentieth Century: The Mary W.A. and Francis V. Crane American Indian Collection,” in <em>Collecting Native America, 1870–1960</em>, ed. Shepard Krech, and Barbara A. Hail (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Stephen E. Nash, Steven R. Holen, and Marc N. Levine, “Anthropology: Unearthing the Human Experience,” in <em>Denver’s Natural History Museum: A History</em>, ed. Kirk Johnson et al., Annals No. 4 (Denver: Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science, 2013).</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://www.dmns.org/">Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science</a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stephen E. Nash, “Woman, Myth, Legend: Hannah Marie Wormington and North American Archaeology,” <em>Kiva</em> 78, no. 3 (Spring 2013).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hannah Marie Wormington, “Jesse Dade Figgins, 1867–1944,” <em>American Anthropologist</em> 48, no. 1 (January–March 1946).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Thu, 19 Nov 2015 23:23:12 +0000 yongli 960 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Hannah Marie Wormington http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/hannah-marie-wormington <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Hannah Marie Wormington</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-11-19T16:19:55-07:00" title="Thursday, November 19, 2015 - 16:19" class="datetime">Thu, 11/19/2015 - 16:19</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/hannah-marie-wormington" data-a2a-title="Hannah Marie Wormington"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fhannah-marie-wormington&amp;title=Hannah%20Marie%20Wormington"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>As a pioneering woman in a field dominated by men, Hannah Marie Wormington (1914–94) carved a scholarly niche for herself on the frontiers of American archaeology. She was a larger-than-life figure whose impact went far beyond the dozens of publications she produced to include mentorship for many young archaeologists, both male and female.</p> <p>Wormington was born in Denver, where she lived her entire life. She earned a bachelor’s degree in anthropology from the University of Denver in 1935; later that year she was hired as an assistant in archaeology at the Colorado Museum of Natural History (later the Denver Museum of Natural History, and in 2000 the <strong>Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science)</strong>. In 1937, Wormington was hired as the first curator of archaeology at the museum and also entered graduate studies in anthropology at Radcliffe College. Given the economic challenges of the Great Depression and travel restrictions of World War II, she did not finish her master’s degree until 1950. In 1954, she defended a Harvard (Radcliffe) doctoral dissertation on the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fremont-culture"><strong>Fremont Culture</strong></a>, a loose-knit group of semisedentary agriculturalists living in western Colorado and Utah more than 1,000 years ago. Wormington was the first woman to earn a PhD in archaeology at that institution.</p> <p>Wormington was a museum-based archaeologist. Although lacking direct access to students because she was not based at a university, she nevertheless enjoyed great success in making archaeology accessible to the masses through exhibitions and popular writing. Her centrally located home in Denver became known as the “command center.” For decades she served as an informal gatekeeper and broker of research on <strong><a href="/article/paleo-indian-period">Paleo-Indian</a> </strong>archaeology, which focuses on the earliest human occupations of North America.</p> <p>Although she authored dozens of peer-reviewed scholarly publications, Wormington is best known for her textbooks, which were written to be accessible to as wide an audience as possible. Her first textbook, <em>Ancient Man in North America</em>, was published in 1939 when she was just twenty-four. It went through many reprints and served as the standard work on the subject for nearly four decades. Another textbook, <em>Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest</em>, was first published in 1947 and was nearly as popular.</p> <p>Wormington’s field crews were dominated by women. In the 1930s and 1940s she excavated rock shelters and other sites across eastern Utah and western Colorado to document the prehistory of these largely unexplored regions and to recover exhibition-quality specimens for the museum. In the mid-1950s she searched western Alberta in an unsuccessful attempt to find the earliest human sites in North America, reasoning that they would be in the ice-free corridor that ran down the center of the continent during the last Ice Age. In the 1960s she excavated the 10,000-year-old Frazier Site, an exquisite <a href="/article/bison"><strong>bison</strong></a>-kill site in northern Colorado that allowed a better understanding of how such beasts were killed, butchered, and utilized.</p> <p>Museum director Alfred M. Bailey fired Wormington on July 22, 1968, after a decades-long feud finally came to a head. For a variety of reasons, Bailey felt that Wormington had not been acting in the best interests of the museum. He abolished the Department of Archaeology, of which she was the sole member. The museum belatedly granted her emeritus status in 1988.</p> <p>Wormington entered archaeology when it was dominated by men. Given her forceful personality, ambition, academic skills, and fierce determination, she dealt with whatever discrimination she encountered. A lifelong smoker, Wormington died in 1994 in a fire in her Denver home that probably started with a wayward cigarette. With six decades of archaeological experience at the time of her death, Wormington set research, publication, service, and mentorship standards that few archaeologists have matched before or since.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/nash-stephen-e" hreflang="und">Nash, Stephen E. </a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/marie-wormington" hreflang="en">Marie Wormington</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-museum-natural-history" hreflang="en">Denver Museum of Natural History</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/archaeology" hreflang="en">archaeology</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/paleoindians" hreflang="en">Paleoindians</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>C. Vance Haynes, Jr., “To Many She Was ‘The Queen,’” <em>Mammoth Trumpet</em> 9, no. 4 (September 1994).</p> <p>Hannah Marie Wormington, <em>Ancient Man in North America</em>, 4th ed., Popular Series No. 4 (Denver: Denver Museum of Natural History, 1957).</p> <p>Hannah Marie Wormington, <em>Prehistoric Indians of the Southwest</em>, 3rd ed., Popular Series No. 7 (Denver: Denver Museum of Natural History, 1956).</p> <p>Hannah Marie Wormington, <em>Reappraisal of the Fremont Culture with a Summary of the Archaeology of the Northern Periphery, </em>Proceedings No. 1 (Denver: Denver Museum of Natural History, 1955).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Stephen E. Nash, and Steven R. Holen, <em>Crossroads of Culture: Anthropology Collections at the Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science</em> (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2010).</p> <p>Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Stephen E. Nash, Steven R. Holen, and Marc N. Levine, “Unearthing the Human Experience,” in <em>Denver’s Natural History Museum: A History</em>, ed. Kirk Johnson et al., Annals No. 4 (Denver: Denver Museum of Nature &amp; Science, 2013).</p> <p>"<a href="https://www.cogreatwomen.org/project/hannah-marie-wormington-volk/">Hannah 'Marie' Wormington-Volk</a>," Colorado Women's Hall of Fame, n.d.</p> <p>Stephen E. Nash, “Hannah Marie Wormington (1914–1994) and Cynthia Irwin-Williams (1936–1990),” in <em>The Great Archaeologists</em>, ed. Brian Fagan (London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2014).</p> <p>Stephen E. Nash, “Woman, Myth, Legend: Hannah Marie Wormington and North American Archaeology,” <em>Kiva</em> 78, no. 3 (Fall 2013).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Thu, 19 Nov 2015 23:19:55 +0000 yongli 958 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org