%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Estella Bergere Leopold http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/estella-bergere-leopold <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Estella Bergere Leopold</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-09-16T14:59:36-06:00" title="Wednesday, September 16, 2015 - 14:59" class="datetime">Wed, 09/16/2015 - 14:59</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/estella-bergere-leopold" data-a2a-title="Estella Bergere Leopold"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Festella-bergere-leopold&amp;title=Estella%20Bergere%20Leopold"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Dr. Estella Leopold is a world-renowned paleobotanist who helped spearhead the 1969 fight to save <strong>Florissant Fossil Beds</strong> in Florissant, Colorado. She was the recipient of several awards during her career, including Conservationist of the Year (1969) from the Colorado Wildlife Federation, the Keep Colorado Beautiful Award (1976), and the International Cosmos Prize (2010). Many of her early conservation efforts contributed to saving resources in Colorado. Between 1965 and 1973, she co-founded and served on the board of the Colorado Open Space Council. She also served on the boards of the Denver Audubon Society (1970–73), the Governor’s Oil Shale Committee on Environmental Protection (1971–72), and the Rocky Mountain Center on Environment (1971–73).</p> <h2>Early Life and Education</h2> <p>Leopold was born in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1927 to Estella Leopold Sr. and the famous conservationist Aldo Leopold. Her siblings included A. Starker Leopold, Luna B. Leopold, Nina Leopold Bradley, and A. Carl Leopold, all of whom worked in conservation, geology, and other natural sciences. Estella is Aldo and Estella Sr.’s only living child.</p> <p>Leopold’s career has been expansive and influential. She earned two degrees in botany, a bachelor’s from University of Wisconsin–Madison (1944–48) and a master’s from the University of California–Berkeley (1948–50). Her formal education concluded with a PhD in plant sciences from Yale University (1953–55).</p> <h2>Fight for Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument</h2> <p>After earning her PhD, Leopold worked for the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from 1955 to 1976, conducting much of her research in Colorado. It was during her sojourn with the USGS that she fought for the protection of Florissant Fossil Beds. Leopold was adamant that the fossils were important because they represented a prehistoric period just before intense climate change. Since the fossil beds’ discovery in 1874, the National Park Service (NPS) had periodically documented them but made no significant efforts to take control until the 1960s.</p> <p>Leopold’s work with the USGS had put her in close connection with the fossil beds, and when she heard about the NPS’s interest in making the area a monument or a park in 1962, she readily lent her support. With other scientists, she surveyed the valley to recommend geographic boundaries for the NPS’s prospective plan for a monument. Leopold also worked on a subcommittee of the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-mountain-club"><strong>Colorado Mountain Club</strong></a> to promote publicity and support for the fossil beds. Moreover, she and fellow scientist Bettie Willard used the Colorado Outdoors Coordinating Council, an umbrella environmental group, to gain further support.</p> <p>The fight for national monument status intensified in 1969 when the Park Land Company purchased tracts in the valley with plans to build subdivisions. Leopold and Willard contacted New York lawyer Victor Yannacone, who had recently won a case in Wisconsin for controlling the pesticide DDT. They also contacted three other lawyers: Richard “Dick” Lamm, Tom Lamm, and Roger Hansen. The team established the Defenders of Florissant to raise awareness and funds to pay the lawyers’ expenses. As the Park Land Company moved in to begin development, Leopold worked quickly and exhaustively. She gained local support, led field trips with state and national dignitaries such as senators, and refined her testimony.</p> <p>The fight had also intensified because Leopold and the Defenders knew legislation to create Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument was working its way through the US Congress. Bills from the early 1960s had died on the floor, but on June 20, 1969, while Leopold and the Defenders staved off the developers, Senate Bill 912 – which would make Florissant Fossil Beds a national monument – passed the Senate. It went to the House for approval, but debate halted the proceedings just as the Park Land Company brought bulldozers into Florissant valley.</p> <p>Leopold and the Defenders scrambled and won a ten-day restraining order against the developers on July 11, but it would take longer than that for the bill to get through the House. The Defenders appealed for more time. Despite testimonies from Leopold and countless other citizens and scientists, the appeal held no legal ground. Fortunately for the national monument advocates, appellate judge Alfred P. Murrah withheld his decision until the bill passed the House on August 4. It bounced back to the Senate for approval on August 7, and President Richard Nixon signed it on August 20. Florissant Fossil Beds had become a national monument.</p> <h2>Other Accomplishments</h2> <p>The fight for Florissant was one of the highlights of Leopold’s career, though she has continued to win acclaim since then. In 1976, after several more years with the USGS in Colorado, she pursued a career in teaching and research at the University of Washington, attaining the rank of professor emeritus in 2000. Some of her key contributions to botany include using fossilized pollen and spores to study how plants have changed over time in response to climate change. These studies spanned North American geography, with collaborative research conducted in China.</p> <p>As with Florissant, Leopold was an actor in the 1982 establishment of Mt. St. Helen’s National Volcanic Monument. She and other concerned scientists and citizens challenged the US government’s plan to sow exotic grasses and replant forests following Mt. St. Helen’s 1980 eruption. Also in the 1980s, Leopold assisted in preventing Washington’s state government from burying nuclear waste at the Hanford Reservation.</p> <p>Leopold’s research and activism have given her the expertise required to hold many leadership positions in numerous organizations. She has been a professor, director of the Quaternary Research Center (1976–1982), and member of organizations such as the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, Environmental Defense, National Audubon Society, and the Children and Nature Network. Since 1982, she has served on the board of the Aldo Leopold Foundation to promote land health and land ethic. She has published more than 100 articles based on her research, adding invaluable information to the field of paleobotany.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/frank-nichelle" hreflang="und">Frank, Nichelle</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/florissant" hreflang="en">florissant</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/florissant-fossil-bed" hreflang="en">florissant fossil bed</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/estella-leopold" hreflang="en">estella leopold</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/nichelle-frank" hreflang="en">nichelle frank</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/archaeological-site" hreflang="en">archaeological site</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/aldo-leopold-wife" hreflang="en">aldo leopold wife</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Nicole Brodeur, “UW’s Leopold Wins Big Award for Her Love of Nature,” <em>Seattle Times</em>, July 27, 2010.</p> <p>Luther F. Carter, “The Leopolds: A Family of Naturalists,” <em>Science</em> 207 (March 1980).</p> <p>Susan Flader, “Biographical Portrait: Estella Bergere Leopold (1927–),” <em>Forest History Today</em> (Spring-Fall 2010).</p> <p>Nichelle Frank, “Oral History Project Final Report,” Unpublished Project Report, Public Lands History Center, Fort Collins, CO, 2011.</p> <p><a href="http://depts.washington.edu/pollen/">Estella B. Leopold</a>, Curriculum Vitae, University of Washington, Seattle.</p> <p>Estella B. Leopold and Herbert W. Meyer, <em>Saved in Time: The Fight to Save Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument</em> (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2012).</p> <p>“<a href="https://www.aldoleopold.org/About/cosmos.shtml">Estella Leopold Recognized for Lifetime Achievements in Conservation</a>,” the Aldo Leopold Foundation, July 28, 2010.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://www.aldoleopold.org/AldoLeopold/estella.shtml">The Aldo Leopold Foundation</a>.</p> <p>The Aldo Leopold Foundation, “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGhnifrDTMA">Estella Leopold</a>,” YouTube.</p> <p><a href="https://www.nps.gov/flfo/index.htm">Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument</a>.</p> <p>“<a href="https://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&amp;amp;file_id=9378">Leopold, Estella B.,”</a> Historylink.org: The Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History.</p> <p>“<a href="http://depts.washington.edu/pollen/">Pollen and Seed Laboratory</a>,” University of Washington, Department of Biology.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>Dr. Estella Leopold is a world-renowned paleobotanist (a person who studies fossilized plants) who helped lead the 1969 fight to save <strong>Florissant Fossil Beds</strong> in Florissant, Colorado. She received several awards during her career. Many of her early conservation efforts helped save resources in Colorado.</p> <h2>Early Life and Education</h2> <p>Leopold was born in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1927. Her parents and four siblings were all involved in conservation, geology, and natural sciences. She earned two degrees in botany and a PhD in plant sciences.</p> <h2>Fight for Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument</h2> <p>Leopold worked for the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from 1955 to 1976, doing much of her research in Colorado. It was during her time with the USGS that she fought for the protection of Florissant Fossil Beds. Leopold was tireless in her view that the fossils were important because they represented a prehistoric period just before intense climate change. Since the fossil beds’ discovery in 1874, the National Park Service (NPS) had documented them off and on, but made no major efforts to take control until the 1960s.</p> <p>When Leopold heard about the NPS’s interest in making the area a monument or a park in 1962, she quickly lent her support. With other scientists, she surveyed the valley to recommend geographic boundaries for the NPS’s prospective plan for a monument.</p> <p>After seven years of work to protect the Florissant Fossil Beds, on August 20, 1969, the Florissant Fossil Beds became a national monument.</p> <h2>Other Accomplishments</h2> <p>The fight for Florissant was one of the highlights of Leopold’s career, though she has continued to win praise since then. In 1976 she began a career in teaching and research at the University of Washington. She made key contributions to botany, including the study of how plants have changed over time in response to climate change.</p> <p>As with Florissant, Leopold aided in the 1982 establishment of Mt. St. Helen’s National Volcanic Monument. Also in the 1980s, Leopold assisted in preventing Washington’s state government from burying nuclear waste at the Hanford Reservation.</p> <p>Leopold’s research and involvement have given her the skills needed to hold many leadership positions in many organizations. She has also written more than 100 articles based on her research, adding valuable information to the field of paleobotany.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>Dr. Estella Leopold is a world-renowned paleobotanist who helped spearhead the 1969 fight to save <strong>Florissant Fossil Beds</strong> in Florissant, Colorado. She was the recipient of several awards during her career. Many of her early conservation efforts contributed to saving resources in Colorado. Between 1965 and 1973, she co-founded and served on the board of the Colorado Open Space Council. She also served on the boards of other similar organizations.</p> <h2>Early Life and Education</h2> <p>Leopold was born in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1927 to Estella Leopold, Sr. and the famous conservationist Aldo Leopold. Her siblings included A. Starker Leopold, Luna B. Leopold, Nina Leopold Bradley, and A. Carl Leopold, all of whom worked in conservation, geology, and other natural sciences.</p> <p>Leopold’s career has been wide and powerful. She earned two degrees in botany, a bachelor’s from University of Wisconsin–Madison (1944–48) and a master’s from the University of California–Berkeley (1948–50). Her formal education concluded with a PhD in plant sciences from Yale University (1953–55).</p> <h2>Fight for Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument</h2> <p>After earning her PhD, Leopold worked for the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from 1955 to 1976, doing much of her research in Colorado. It was during her time with the USGS that she fought for the protection of Florissant Fossil Beds. Leopold was adamant that the fossils were important because they represented a prehistoric period just before intense climate change. Since the fossil beds’ discovery in 1874, the National Park Service (NPS) had periodically documented them but made no significant efforts to take control until the 1960s.</p> <p>Leopold’s work with the USGS had put her in close connection with the fossil beds, and when she heard about the NPS’s interest in making the area a monument or a park in 1962, she readily lent her support. With other scientists, she surveyed the valley to recommend geographic boundaries for the NPS’s prospective plan for a monument.</p> <p>After seven years of work to protect the Florissant Fossil Beds, on August 20, 1969, Florissant Fossil Beds became a <strong>national monument</strong>.</p> <h2>Other Accomplishments</h2> <p>The fight for Florissant was one of the highlights of Leopold’s career, though she has continued to win acclaim since then. In 1976, after several more years with the USGS in Colorado, she pursued a career in teaching and research at the University of Washington. Some of her key contributions to botany include using fossilized pollen and spores to study how plants have changed over time in response to climate change. These studies spanned North American geography, with collaborative research conducted in China.</p> <p>As with Florissant, Leopold aided in the 1982 establishment of Mt. St. Helen’s National Volcanic Monument. Also in the 1980s, Leopold helped prevent Washington’s state government from burying nuclear waste at the Hanford Reservation.</p> <p>Leopold’s research and activism have given her the skills required to hold many leadership positions in numerous organizations. Since 1982, she has served on the board of the Aldo Leopold Foundation to promote land health and land ethic. She has published more than 100 articles based on her research, adding invaluable information to the field of paleobotany.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>Dr. Estella Leopold is a world-renowned paleobotanist who helped spearhead the 1969 fight to save <strong>Florissant Fossil Beds</strong> in Florissant, Colorado. She was the recipient of several awards during her career, including Conservationist of the Year (1969) from the Colorado Wildlife Federation, the Keep Colorado Beautiful Award (1976), and the International Cosmos Prize (2010). Many of her early conservation efforts contributed to saving resources in Colorado. Between 1965 and 1973, she co-founded and served on the board of the Colorado Open Space Council. She also served on the boards of the Denver Audubon Society (1970–73), the Governor’s Oil Shale Committee on Environmental Protection (1971–72), and the Rocky Mountain Center on Environment (1971–73).</p> <h2>Early Life and Education</h2> <p>Leopold was born in Madison, Wisconsin, in 1927 to Estella Leopold, Sr. and the famous conservationist Aldo Leopold. Her siblings included A. Starker Leopold, Luna B. Leopold, Nina Leopold Bradley, and A. Carl Leopold, all of whom worked in conservation, geology, and other natural sciences.</p> <p>Leopold’s career has been expansive and influential. She earned two degrees in botany, a bachelor’s from University of Wisconsin–Madison (1944–48) and a master’s from the University of California–Berkeley (1948–50). Her formal education concluded with a PhD in plant sciences from Yale University (1953–55).</p> <h2>Fight for Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument</h2> <p>After earning her PhD, Leopold worked for the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from 1955 to 1976, conducting much of her research in Colorado. It was during her employment with the USGS that she fought for the protection of Florissant Fossil Beds. Leopold was adamant that the fossils were important because they represented a prehistoric period just before intense climate change. Since the fossil beds’ discovery in 1874, the National Park Service (NPS) had periodically documented them but made no significant efforts to take control until the 1960s.</p> <p>Leopold’s work with the USGS had put her in close connection with the fossil beds, and when she heard about the NPS’s interest in making the area a monument or a park in 1962, she readily lent her support. With other scientists, she surveyed the valley to recommend geographic boundaries for the NPS’s prospective plan for a monument. Leopold also worked on a subcommittee of the <strong>Colorado Mountain Club</strong> to promote publicity and support for the fossil beds. She and fellow scientist Bettie Willard used the Colorado Outdoors Coordinating Council to gain further support.</p> <p>The fight for national monument status intensified in 1969 when the Park Land Company purchased tracts in the valley with plans to build subdivisions. As the Park Land Company moved in to begin development, Leopold worked quickly and exhaustively. She gained local support, led field trips with state and national dignitaries such as senators, and refined her testimony.</p> <p>The fight had also intensified because Leopold knew legislation to create Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument was working its way through the US Congress. Bills from the early 1960s had died on the floor, but on June 20, 1969, Senate Bill 912 – which would make Florissant Fossil Beds a national monument – passed the Senate. President Richard Nixon signed the bill on August 20. Florissant Fossil Beds became a national monument.</p> <h2>Other Accomplishments</h2> <p>The fight for Florissant was one of the highlights of Leopold’s career, though she has continued to win acclaim since then. In 1976, after several more years with the USGS in Colorado, she pursued a career in teaching and research at the University of Washington. Some of her key contributions to botany include using fossilized pollen and spores to study how plants have changed over time in response to climate change. These studies spanned North American geography, with collaborative research conducted in China.</p> <p>As with Florissant, Leopold aided in the 1982 establishment of Mt. St. Helen’s National Volcanic Monument in Washington state. She and other concerned scientists and citizens challenged the US government’s plan to sow exotic grasses and replant forests following the volcano’s 1980 eruption. Also in the 1980s, Leopold assisted in preventing the Washington state government from burying nuclear waste at the Hanford Reservation.</p> <p>Leopold’s research and activism have given her the expertise required to hold many leadership positions in numerous organizations. She has been a professor, director of the Quaternary Research Center (1976–1982), and member of organizations such as the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, Environmental Defense, National Audubon Society, and the Children and Nature Network. Since 1982, she has served on the board of the Aldo Leopold Foundation to promote land health and land ethic. She has published more than 100 articles based on her research, adding invaluable information to the field of paleobotany.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 16 Sep 2015 20:59:36 +0000 yongli 625 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Ellis Meredith http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/ellis-meredith <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Ellis Meredith</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--643--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--643.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/ellis-meredith"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Ellis%2520Meredith%5B1%5D_0.jpg?itok=3XTv_VyN" width="600" height="692" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/ellis-meredith" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Ellis Meredith</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Ellis Meredith was a leading advocate for women’s suffrage in Colorado, which became the second state to grant women the vote in 1893.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--644--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--644.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/colorado-women-get-vote"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Z-8811_0.jpg?itok=q605Verm" width="1090" height="494" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/colorado-women-get-vote" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado Women Get the Vote</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Both men and women are lined up outside a polling station. Ellis Meredith, inspired by progressive women such as her mother, Emily Meredith, and Susan B. Anthony, fought for the right to vote for Colorado women, succeeding in 1893.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-09-11T15:43:12-06:00" title="Friday, September 11, 2015 - 15:43" class="datetime">Fri, 09/11/2015 - 15:43</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/ellis-meredith" data-a2a-title="Ellis Meredith"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fellis-meredith&amp;title=Ellis%20Meredith"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Standing less than five feet tall and weighing around 100 pounds, Ellis Meredith was a tiny woman, but she took large strides to improve life for the women of Colorado. The daughter of a well-known suffragette and pioneer resident of Montana, Emily R. Meredith, Ellis understood the importance of the <a href="/article/womens-suffrage-movement"><strong>women’s movement</strong></a> from a young age. In addition to wanting women to have the vote, she was in favor of temperance since many men who abused their wives and children were drunks. Ellis Meredith dedicated her life to ensuring that women had the rights they deserved.</p> <p>Meredith was born in Montana in 1865 and moved to Denver at a young age. She started as a proofreader at the Rocky Mountain News and later advocated for women’s rights in her own column, Women’s World. The state of Colorado was particularly open to women’s suffrage. With the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, the rapid decline in the value of silver, and the Panic of 1893, male voters in Colorado had much more important issues to worry about than women voting. The general sentiment was the situation in the state was so bad that giving women the vote could not make it any worse.</p> <p>Meredith met <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/susan-b-anthony"><strong>Susan B. Anthony</strong></a> at the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago to discuss the suffrage movement. Meredith asked Anthony for help and promised that if Colorado went for woman suffrage, the rest of the west would follow. Anthony viewed Meredith as a link to the Colorado suffrage movement and sent Carrie Chapman Catt to Colorado to help. In 1893, the year of the meeting between Meredith and Anthony, Colorado became the second state to grant women the vote. Colorado women took advantage of this right to work for the enactment of child labor laws, an eight-hour workday, and child abuse and negligence laws.</p> <p>Meredith was a trailblazer for women in politics. She held several political positions, including delegate to the Denver City Charter convention, city election commissioner, and member of the Democratic Party State Central Committee. For much of Meredith’s life, women could not even vote for politicians, let alone hold political office. In 1904 she spoke before the US House of Representatives in favor of a national amendment that ensured all women in the country the right to vote. In 1908 the Atlantic Monthly published her article, “What It Means to Be an Enfranchised Woman,” in which she argued for women’s right to vote nationwide by demonstrating how Colorado women had taken advantage of this right. Meredith began working at the Democratic national headquarters in Washington, DC, in 1917.</p> <p>Ellis Meredith died in 1955 in Washington, DC, at age ninety. She accomplished much for the women’s movement and was able to see universal women’s suffrage become a reality.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/ellis-susannah" hreflang="und">Ellis, Susannah</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/florissant" hreflang="en">florissant</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/florissant-fossil-bed" hreflang="en">florissant fossil bed</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/estella-leopold" hreflang="en">estella leopold</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/nichelle-frank" hreflang="en">nichelle frank</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/archaeological-site" hreflang="en">archaeological site</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/aldo-leopold-wife" hreflang="en">aldo leopold wife</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Rosemary Fetter, “Ellis Meredith Got the Vote for Colorado Women,” <em>Colorado Gambler</em>, October 2, 2012.</p> <p>History Colorado, “<a href="https://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/Kids_Students/Bios/Ellis_Meredith.pdf">Ellis Meredith</a>.”</p> <p>Ellis Meredith, “What It Means to Be an Enfranchised Woman,” Atlantic Monthly, August 1908.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Jo Freeman, <em>We Will Be Heard: Women’s Struggles for Political Power in the United States</em> (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2008).</p> <p>Corinne M. McConnaughy, <em>The Women Suffrage Movement in America: A Reassessment</em> (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>Ellis Meredith was a tiny woman, but she took large strides to improve life for the women of Colorado. She understood the importance of the women’s movement from a young age. She wanted women to have the vote and was in favor of temperance. Meredith spent her life making sure that women had the rights they deserved.</p> <p>Meredith was born in Montana in 1865 and moved to <strong>Denver</strong> at a young age. She started as a proofreader at the <em>Rocky Mountain News</em>. When she got her own column, Women’s World, she wrote in favor of women’s rights. The state of Colorado was open to <strong>women voting</strong> (suffrage). The overall feeling was that things in the state were so bad, giving women the vote could not make it any worse.</p> <p>Meredith met Susan B. Anthony at the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago to discuss the suffrage movement. Meredith asked Anthony for help and promised that if Colorado voted for woman suffrage, the rest of the West would follow. Anthony saw Meredith as a link to the Colorado suffrage movement and sent Carrie Chapman Catt to Colorado to help. In 1893 Colorado became the second state to grant women the vote. Colorado women used this right to vote for child labor laws, an eight-hour workday, and child abuse and neglect laws.</p> <p>Meredith was a pioneer for women in politics and held several political positions. For much of Meredith’s life, women could not even vote for politicians, let alone hold political office. In 1904 she spoke before the US House of Representatives in favor of a national amendment that gave all women in the country the right to vote. In 1917 Meredith began working at the Democratic national headquarters in Washington, DC.</p> <p>Ellis Meredith died in 1955 in Washington, DC, at age ninety. She did much for the women’s movement and was able to see widespread women’s suffrage become a reality.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>Ellis Meredith was a tiny woman who took large strides to improve life for the women of Colorado. Ellis understood the importance of the women’s movement from a young age. In addition to wanting women to have the vote, she was in favor of temperance. Ellis Meredith dedicated her life to making sure that women had the rights they deserved.</p> <p>Meredith was born in Montana in 1865 and moved to Denver at a young age. She started as a proofreader at the <em>Rocky Mountain News</em> and later supported women’s rights in her own column, “Women’s World.” The state of Colorado was particularly open to <strong>women’s suffrage</strong>. With the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, the rapid decline in the value of silver, and the <strong>Panic of 1893</strong>, male voters in Colorado had much more important issues to worry about than women voting. The overall feeling was that the situation in the state was so bad, giving women the vote could not make it any worse.</p> <p>Meredith met Susan B. Anthony at the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago to discuss the suffrage movement. Meredith asked Anthony for help and promised that if Colorado voted for woman suffrage, the rest of the West would follow. Anthony viewed Meredith as a link to the Colorado suffrage movement and sent Carrie Chapman Catt to Colorado to help. In 1893 Colorado became the second state to grant women the vote. Colorado women took advantage of this right to vote for child labor laws, an eight-hour workday, and child abuse and neglect laws.</p> <p>Meredith was a trailblazer for women in politics. She held several political positions, including delegate to the Denver City Charter convention, city election commissioner, and member of the Democratic Party State Central Committee. For much of Meredith’s life, women could not even vote for politicians, let alone hold political office. In 1904 she spoke before the US House of Representatives in favor of a national amendment that gave all women in the country the right to vote. Meredith began working at the Democratic national headquarters in Washington, DC, in 1917.</p> <p>Ellis Meredith died in 1955 in Washington, DC, at age ninety. She accomplished much for the women’s movement and was able to see universal women’s suffrage become a reality.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>Standing less than five feet tall and weighing around 100 pounds, Ellis Meredith was a tiny woman, but she took large strides to improve life for the women of Colorado. Ellis understood the importance of the women’s movement from a young age. In addition to wanting women to have the vote, she was in favor of temperance. Ellis Meredith dedicated her life to ensuring that women had the rights they deserved.</p> <p>Meredith was born in Montana in 1865 to well-known suffragette Emily R. Meredith and moved to Denver at a young age. She started as a proofreader at the <em>Rocky Mountain News</em> and later advocated for women’s rights in her own column, “Women’s World.” The state of Colorado was particularly open to women’s suffrage. With the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, the rapid decline in the value of silver, and the Panic of 1893, male voters in Colorado had much more important issues to worry about than women voting. The general sentiment was the situation in the state was so bad that giving women the vote could not make it any worse.</p> <p>Meredith met Susan B. Anthony at the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago to discuss the suffrage movement. Meredith asked Anthony for help and promised that if Colorado went for woman suffrage, the rest of the West would follow. Anthony viewed Meredith as a link to the Colorado suffrage movement and sent Carrie Chapman Catt to Colorado to help. In 1893 Colorado became the second state to grant women the vote. Colorado women took advantage of this right to support the enactment of child labor laws, an eight-hour workday, and child abuse and negligence laws.</p> <p>Meredith was also a trailblazer for women in politics. She held several political positions, including delegate to the Denver City Charter convention, city election commissioner, and member of the Democratic Party State Central Committee. For much of Meredith’s life, women could not even vote for politicians, let alone hold political office. In 1904 she spoke before the US House of Representatives in favor of a national amendment that ensured all women in the country the right to vote. In 1908 the <em>Atlantic Monthly</em> published her article, “What It Means to Be an Enfranchised Woman,” in which she argued for women’s right to vote nationwide by demonstrating how Colorado women had taken advantage of this right. Meredith began working at the Democratic national headquarters in Washington, DC, in 1917.</p> <p>Ellis Meredith died in 1955 in Washington, DC, at age ninety. She accomplished much for the women’s movement and was able to see universal women’s suffrage become a reality.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 11 Sep 2015 21:43:12 +0000 yongli 619 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org