%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Lucy Stone http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/lucy-stone <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Lucy Stone</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2020-03-12T15:12:42-06:00" title="Thursday, March 12, 2020 - 15:12" class="datetime">Thu, 03/12/2020 - 15:12</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/lucy-stone" data-a2a-title="Lucy Stone"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Flucy-stone&amp;title=Lucy%20Stone"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Lucy Stone (1818–93) was an orator, abolitionist, and suffragette who founded the American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1877 she campaigned for a <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/womens-suffrage-movement">women’s suffrage</a> referendum in Colorado alongside fellow suffrage champion <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/susan-b-anthony"><strong>Susan B. Anthony</strong></a>. Although the 1877 measure was defeated, Stone and Anthony’s campaign laid the groundwork for the state’s eventual approval of women’s suffrage in 1893.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Life</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Lucy Stone was born on August 13, 1818, the eighth of nine children in a farming family in West Brookfield, Massachusetts. As she grew up, Lucy noticed the inequality in her parents’ relationship. Within the household, her father, Francis Stone, was obeyed without question. Her mother, Hannah Matthews, had to beg her father for money. Lucy received little support or encouragement from her family when it came to her education. The female members of the family worked so that their brothers could attend college.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After being told that she had to work so her brothers could go to school, Lucy decided instead to put herself through Oberlin College without her family’s support. To pay her tuition, she taught and cleaned houses. While in college, she became interested in public speaking and began writing speeches. She found success as an orator and was even asked to write the commencement speech for her graduation. However, after being informed that the school would not let her deliver her own speech and a man would read it in her place, she declined. In 1847 Lucy Stone became the first Massachusetts woman to graduate from college.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Activist</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>After graduating, Stone became an advocate of social reform. She worked for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and his American Anti-Slavery Society, with her speeches often drawing bigger crowds than the group’s male speakers. She is also known for protesting unequal marriage laws during her own wedding in 1855. Instead of taking the name of her husband, Henry B. Blackwell, Stone chose to keep her own surname in defiance of laws that forced women to change their name and lose their legal status upon marriage. She was the first American woman to do so. At the wedding, a statement was read declaring the couple’s refusal to adhere to prevailing marriage laws. By rejecting these laws, Stone and Blackwell paved the way for more women to secure better treatment in their marriages.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone was also a dedicated suffragist. In the late 1860s, however, the women’s suffrage movement split over the proposed Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, intended to grant African American men the right to vote. One side, led by Susan B. Anthony and the National Woman Suffrage Association, opposed the Fourteenth Amendment because it provided voter protections only to “male citizens” and the Fifteenth because it neglected to prohibit voter discrimination on the basis of sex. The other side, which counted Stone as a leading member, wanted to keep working for women’s suffrage while not denying voting rights to black men in the meantime. In this spirit, Stone, Blackwell, and others founded the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston in 1869.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone and Blackwell also cofounded a newspaper called <em>Woman’s Journal</em>, which featured news on suffrage and other political issues, as well as poetry, stories, and editorials for its readers.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Work in Colorado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone spent the majority of her time in the Boston area, but she also played a major role in the suffrage movement in Colorado. When Colorado joined the Union in 1876, its new state Constitution included a unique clause (Article 7, Section 2) that allowed for the extension of suffrage by majority vote and required a referendum on women’s suffrage to be held at the next election.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Suffragists targeted Colorado’s 1877 election because they believed that if Colorado women gained the vote, the rest of the western states would follow. For this reason, Stone, Blackwell, Anthony, and other influential suffragists campaigned to sway the state’s male voters. Some Coloradans were displeased that outside parties were interfering in state politics, but they drew a national spotlight to Colorado’s suffrage campaign and were deemed by supporters as “the immortals of the east.” Stone published articles in <em>Woman’s Journal</em> encouraging her readers to support the cause in Colorado by donating or by attending suffrage and equal rights events.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone and Blackwell began their campaign in the southern part of Colorado, where they encountered resistance due to the strong influence of the Catholic Church among the region’s largely Hispano residents. The group found more support in the northern counties, especially <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/boulder">Boulder</a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Despite the efforts of Stone, Anthony, and others, the women’s suffrage referendum was soundly defeated in 1877. Still, suffragists learned much from the campaign. For instance, Blackwell published an article titled “The Lesson of Colorado” in <em>Woman’s Journal</em>, which cited both the movement’s lack of affiliation with political parties and the national weariness from the black male suffrage movement as causes of the campaign’s failure.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the time women’s suffrage again came to a vote in Colorado in 1893, the obstacles Blackwell identified had been overcome. Decades had passed since the contentious debates over the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, and Colorado suffragists built greater institutional support in the years between 1877 and 1893. The state’s suffrage movement became heavily affiliated with the national chapter of the American Woman Suffrage Association as well as the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/populism-colorado">Populist</a> Party. Support from these groups provided a platform to sway enough voters to achieve suffrage for women in Colorado some thirty years before suffrage was granted to women nationally in 1920. Tragically, Lucy Stone died of stomach cancer just months before Colorado’s 1893 referendum passed. Her legacy as a champion of equality helped secure more rights for women across the country.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/gann-grace-s" hreflang="und">Gann, Grace S.</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/lucy-stone" hreflang="en">Lucy Stone</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/susan-b-anthony-0" hreflang="en">susan b anthony</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/womens-suffrage" hreflang="en">Women&#039;s Suffrage</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/womens-suffrage-movement" hreflang="en">women&#039;s suffrage movement</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/suffragists" hreflang="en">suffragists</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/womens-suffrage-colorado" hreflang="en">women&#039;s suffrage colorado</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/henry-blackwell" hreflang="en">henry blackwell</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/massachusetts" hreflang="en">massachusetts</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Henry B. Blackwell, “<a href="https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/womhist">The Lesson of Colorado</a>,” <em>Woman’s Journal </em>8, October 20, 1877.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Jennifer Frost, et al., “<a href="https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/womhist">Why Did Colorado Suffragists Fail to Win the Right to Vote in 1877, but Succeed in 1893?</a>” in <em>Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600–2000</em> (Alexandria, VA, and Binghamton, NY: Alexander Street Press and Center for the Historical Study of Women and Gender, State University of New York, 1997–2018).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Billie Barnes Jensen, “Colorado Woman Suffrage Campaigns of the 1870s,” <em>Journal of the West</em> 12, no. 2 (1973).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Jone Johnson Lewis, “<a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/lucy-stone-biography-3530453">Biography of Lucy Stone, Abolitionist and Women’s Rights Reformer</a>,” ThoughtCo., updated June 18, 2019.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“<a href="https://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/stoneblackwellmarriageprotest.html">Marriage Protest of Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell (May 1, 1855</a>),” History Is a Weapon.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Debra Michals, ed., “<a href="https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/lucy-stone">Lucy Stone</a>,” National Women’s History Museum, 2017.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Museum of Boulder, “<a href="https://blog.elevationscu.com/womens-suffrage-colorado/">Women’s Suffrage in Colorado</a>,” Elevations Credit Union Blog, November 6, 2018.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Rebecca Mead, <em>How the Vote Was Won: Woman Suffrage in the Western United States, 1868–1914 </em>(New York: New York University Press, 2004).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Sandra L. Myres, <em>Westering Women and the Frontier Experience, 1800–1915 </em>(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>Lucy Stone (1818–93) was a leader for women’s rights. She founded the American Woman Suffrage Association. “Suffrage” is the right to vote. In 1877, Lucy Stone came to Colorado to encourage people to vote for suffrage. The vote did not pass. But her work in Colorado’s helped women get the vote 17 years later in 1893.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Life</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Lucy Stone was born on August 13, 1818 in West Brookfield, Massachusetts. She had eight brothers and sisters and grew up on a farm. In her family, her father was obeyed without question. Lucy’s family did not value education for girls. The women of the family worked so that the boys could attend college. Lucy dreamed of more opportunities for herself and other girls.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Lucy decided to attend Oberlin College, located in Ohio, without her family’s support. To pay her tuition, she taught and cleaned houses. While in college, she started to give speeches. She was very successful and became a well-known speaker. In 1847 Lucy Stone became the first woman in Massachusetts to graduate from college.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Activist</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>After graduating, Stone worked for women’s rights and against slavery. She gave speeches that drew big crowds.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>She married Henry Blackwell in 1855. The couple refused to obey to unfair marriage laws. Stone kept her own last name, which was against the law. Women had to take their husband’s last name and lose their legal rights when they married. She was the first American woman to reject this law. Stone and Blackwell paved the way for  other women to have more rights in their marriages.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone founded the American Woman Suffrage Association in Boston in 1869. Stone and her husband started a newspaper called <em>Woman’s Journal</em>. It had news on suffrage and political issues. It also included poetry, stories, and editorials for its readers.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Work in Colorado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone spent most of her life living and working in the Boston area. But she also played a major role in the suffrage movement in Colorado.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado became a state in 1876. Its new state Constitution had language that allowed for women’s suffrage. To gain the vote, there needed to be a majority vote from the male voters.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Women’s suffrage was put up for a vote in Colorado’s 1877 election. It was believed that if Colorado women gained the vote, other states would follow. For this reason, Stone and other leaders came to Colorado and drew national attention to the vote. Stone published articles in <em>Woman’s Journal</em> asking readers to support the cause in Colorado. Despite their efforts, the women’s suffrage vote was defeated.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Seventeen years later, women’s suffrage was again up for a vote in Colorado. On November 7, 1893, Colorado’s male voters passed a constitutional amendment that allowed women to vote. Colorado was the second state to grant women the vote. It was the first state in which suffrage was voted in by the male voters. It would be 27 years before suffrage was granted to women nationally in 1920.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Tragically, Lucy Stone died of stomach cancer months before Colorado’s 1893 vote. Her legacy as a champion of equality helped secure more rights for women across the country.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>Lucy Stone (1818–93) was a crusader for women’s rights. She helped found the American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1877, Stone came to Colorado to help with the campaign for <strong>women’s suffrage</strong>. The 1877 measure was defeated, but her work helped to lay the foundation for Colorado’s approval of women’s suffrage in 1893.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Life</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Lucy Stone was born on August 13, 1818 in West Brookfield, Massachusetts. She grew up on a farm where she was the eighth of nine children. In her family, her father, Francis Stone, was obeyed without question. Lucy received little support from her family when it came to her education. The women of the family worked so that the boys could attend college. Lucy dreamed of more opportunities for herself and other girls.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Lucy decided to attend Oberlin College, located in Ohio, without her family’s support. To pay her tuition, she taught and cleaned houses. While in college, she started to give and write speeches. She was very successful and was asked to write the commencement speech for her graduation. However, the school would not let her deliver her own speech. Since a man would read it in her place, she declined. In 1847 Lucy Stone became the first woman from Massachusetts to graduate from college.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Activist</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>After graduating, Stone became an advocate of social reform. She worked for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and his American Anti-Slavery Society. Her speeches often drew bigger crowds than the group’s male speakers.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>She protested unequal marriage laws during her own wedding to Henry Blackwell in 1855. At the wedding, the couple read a statement saying they would not obey current marriage laws. Stone kept her own last name. This defied the law that forced women to change their name and lose their legal status after marriage. She was the first American woman to reject this law. Stone and Blackwell paved the way for women to have more rights in their marriages.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone founded the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston in 1869. Stone and Blackwell founded a newspaper called <em>Woman’s Journal</em>. It featured news on suffrage and political issues, as well as poetry, stories, and editorials for its readers.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Work in Colorado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone spent the majority of her life living and working in the Boston area. But she also played a major role in the suffrage movement in Colorado. When Colorado joined became a state in 1876, its state Constitution included a language that allowed for women’s suffrage. To gain the vote, there needed to be a majority vote from the male voters.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Women’s suffrage was put on the ballot for Colorado’s 1877 election. It was believed that if Colorado women gained the vote, other states would follow. For this reason, Stone, Blackwell, Anthony, and other influential leaders came to campaign in Colorado. These leaders drew a national spotlight to Colorado’s suffrage campaign. Stone published articles in <em>Woman’s Journal</em> encouraging her readers to support the cause in Colorado.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone and Blackwell began their campaign in southern Colorado. There, they encountered resistance due to the strong influence of the Catholic Church on the area’s Hispano residents. The group found more support in the northern counties, especially <strong>Boulder</strong> and Denver.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Despite the efforts of Stone, Anthony, and others, the women’s suffrage referendum was soundly defeated in 1877. Still, much was learned from the campaign. Blackwell published an article titled “The Lesson of Colorado” in <em>Woman’s Journal</em>. The article pointed to several causes for the loss.  These included that the movement did not associate with a political party and the national debate about the black male suffrage.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1893, women’s suffrage again came to a vote in Colorado. The obstacles Blackwell identified had been overcome. Decades had passed since black men had gained the vote. Between 1877 and 1893 the state’s suffrage movement was supported by American Woman Suffrage Association and the <strong>Populist </strong>Party. Backing from these groups swayed voters. </p>&#13; &#13; <p>On November 7, 1893, Colorado’s voters ratified a constitutional amendment that allowed women to vote. Colorado was the second state to grant women suffrage. It was the first state in which suffrage was voted in by the male voters. (In the <em>territories</em> of Wyoming and Utah, suffrage was granted in 1869. Suffrage for women was in the constitution of the new <em>state</em> of Wyoming in 1890.) It would be more than twenty-five years before suffrage was granted to women nationally in 1920.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Tragically, Lucy Stone died of stomach cancer just months before Colorado’s 1893 referendum passed. Her legacy as a champion of equality helped secure more rights for women across the country.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>Lucy Stone (1818–93) was an abolitionist and suffragette who founded the American Woman Suffrage Association. In 1877, she and <strong>Susan B. Anthony</strong> came to Colorado to campaign for the <strong>women’s suffrage</strong> referendum. Although the 1877 measure was defeated, their campaign helped to lay the groundwork for Colorado’s approval of women’s suffrage in 1893.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Life</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Lucy Stone was born on August 13, 1818, the eighth of nine children in a farming family in West Brookfield, Massachusetts. As she grew up, Lucy noticed the inequality in her parents’ relationship. Her father, Francis Stone, was obeyed without question. Lucy received little support from her family when it came to her education. The women of the family worked so that the males could attend college.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Lucy decided to put herself through Oberlin College, located in Ohio, without her family’s support. To pay her tuition, she taught and cleaned houses. While in college, she started to give and write speeches. She was very successful and was asked to write the commencement speech for her graduation. However, the school would not let her deliver her own speech. Since a man would read it in her place, she declined to write the speech. In 1847 Lucy Stone became the first Massachusetts woman to graduate from college.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Activist</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>After graduating, Stone became an advocate of social reform. She worked for abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison and his American Anti-Slavery Society. Her speeches often drew bigger crowds than the group’s male speakers.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>She protested unequal marriage laws during her own wedding to Henry Blackwell in 1855. At the wedding, the couple read a statement saying they refused to obey to current marriage laws. Stone kept her own surname defying the law that forced women to change their name and lose their legal status after marriage. She was the first American woman to reject these laws. Stone and Blackwell paved the way for  women to secure better treatment in their marriages.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone was a dedicated suffragist. In the late 1860s the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, which would grant African American men the right to vote, were the subject of debates. Some wanted these amendments to include language about women’s right to vote too. Stone wanted to keep working for women’s suffrage, but not at the expense of denying voting rights to black men.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone and others founded the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston in 1869. Stone and Blackwell cofounded a newspaper called <em>Woman’s Journal</em>. It featured news on suffrage and political issues, as well as poetry, stories, and editorials for its readers.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Work in Colorado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone spent the majority of her life living and working in the Boston area. But she also played a major role in the suffrage movement in Colorado. When Colorado became a state in 1876, its state Constitution included a language that allowed for women’s suffrage if there was a majority vote from the male voters.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Women’s suffrage was put on the ballot for Colorado’s 1877 election. Suffragists believed that if Colorado women gained the vote, other western states would follow. For this reason, Stone, Blackwell, Anthony, and other influential leaders came to campaign in Colorado. These leaders drew a national spotlight to Colorado’s suffrage campaign. Stone published articles in <em>Woman’s Journal</em> encouraging her readers to support the cause in Colorado by donating to suffrage events.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stone and Blackwell began their campaign in the southern part of Colorado. There, they encountered resistance due to the strong influence of the Catholic Church among the region’s largely Hispano residents. The group found more support in the northern counties, especially <strong>Boulder</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Despite the efforts of Stone, Anthony, and others, the women’s suffrage referendum was soundly defeated in 1877. Still, suffragists learned much from the campaign. For instance, Blackwell published an article titled “The Lesson of Colorado” in <em>Woman’s Journal</em>. The article pointed to several causes for the loss.  These included that the movement did not associate with a political party and the national debate about the black male suffrage.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Sixteen years later, in 1893, women’s suffrage again came to a vote in Colorado. The obstacles Blackwell identified had been overcome. Decades had passed since black men had gained the vote. Between 1877 and 1893 the state’s suffrage movement became affiliated with the national American Woman Suffrage Association and the <strong>Populist</strong> Party. Support from these groups swayed voters.  </p>&#13; &#13; <p>On November 7, 1893, Colorado’s voters ratified a constitutional amendment that allowed women to vote. Colorado was the second state to grant women suffrage and the first state in which suffrage was voted in by the male voters. (In the <em>territories</em> of Wyoming and Utah, suffrage was granted in 1869. Suffrage for women was in the constitution of the new <em>state</em> of Wyoming in 1890.) It would be over twenty-five years before suffrage was granted to women nationally in 1920.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Tragically, Lucy Stone died of stomach cancer just months before Colorado’s 1893 referendum passed. Her legacy as a champion of equality helped secure more rights for women across the country.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Thu, 12 Mar 2020 21:12:42 +0000 yongli 3162 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org