%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Fairplay Hotel http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fairplay-hotel <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Fairplay Hotel</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-08-25T12:54:43-06:00" title="Friday, August 25, 2017 - 12:54" class="datetime">Fri, 08/25/2017 - 12:54</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fairplay-hotel" data-a2a-title="Fairplay Hotel"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Ffairplay-hotel&amp;title=Fairplay%20Hotel"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The Fairplay Hotel was designed in the Rustic style by architect <strong>William Bowman</strong> and completed in 1922. Located on the site of an earlier hotel at the prominent corner of Fifth and Main Streets, the Fairplay became the largest and oldest hotel in town, hosting club meetings and dinner dances as well as tourists and visitors to the nearby <a href="/article/park-county"><strong>Park County</strong></a> Courthouse. Since the early 1970s, the hotel has passed through many owners and sometimes struggled to stay open, but so far, a combination of history, Rustic charm, and community support have helped it survive.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>The Original Valiton Hotel</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Today’s Fairplay Hotel stands on the site of an earlier hotel, the Valiton, which was built in the Park County mining town in 1873. Over its first few years, the hotel went by a wide variety of names: McLain Hotel, Vestal House, Radford House, and Bergh House. The last of those was for longtime owner Abraham Bergh, who acquired the hotel in 1877. In 1897 Bergh sold the hotel to Susannah Harris Young, who renamed it the Hotel Windsor and remodeled the interior. Under the ownership of Young and then William Hunter of <strong>Alma</strong>, who bought it in 1911, the Hotel Windsor gained a reputation as the finest hotel in <a href="/article/fairplay"><strong>Fairplay</strong></a>. That came to a sudden end in 1921, when the hotel suffered a fire and was forced to close.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>A Rustic Rebirth</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Fairplay residents quickly rallied to resurrect the hotel, which was a treasured local institution. In June 1921, Agnes Slater bought the former hotel’s land from William Hunter for $5,500. Wife of sheep tycoon George Slater and daughter-in-law of Denver real estate investor Seth Slater, Agnes Slater had the resources and acumen to lead the rebuilding effort. In August she organized the Fairplay Hotel Company, which quickly acquired the lot from her and started construction on a new building in September.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>To design the hotel, the Fairplay Hotel Company enlisted <a href="/article/denver">Denver</a> architect William N. Bowman, who was known for school buildings and county courthouses across the state. During his career, Bowman worked in a variety of styles, including the Classical, Colonial, and Gothic Revivals, but for the Fairplay Hotel he chose the Rustic style, which was popular in mountain towns and national parks at the time. A response to industrialization and urbanization, the Rustic style employed native materials such as coarse stone and wood to make buildings that seemed to grow out of their natural environment.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Bowman’s two-story Fairplay Hotel was laid out in an L shape fronting Main and Fifth Streets. A river rock foundation supported wood-shingle exterior walls that were topped by a clipped gable roof featuring shingles designed to resemble thatch. A river rock porch framed the main entrance, which faced west onto Main Street. Inside, the lobby featured maple floors, a large stone fireplace, and lots of dark wood trim. Stairs in the southeast corner of the lobby led to the accommodations on the second floor, while double doors in the east wall led to the dining room, which repeated the lobby’s maple floors, stone fireplace, and dark wood trim. From the dining room, two sets of French doors opened north to a sunroom.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The hotel held its grand opening in June 1922, when the local Chamber of Commerce held a banquet and dance there. Operations started smoothly under the management of Agnes Slater. A dentist leased space in the building, and its proximity to the Park County Courthouse ensured that it received plenty of business from jurors, witnesses, and others engaged in court proceedings.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Within a year, however, the hotel’s fortunes turned rocky. It closed for the winter of 1922–23. In June 1923 a Mrs. Biezer of Denver took over management of the property, but it soon became clear that the hotel was not taking in enough money to pay its outstanding construction bills. To recover their money, Bowman and the contractors who had built the hotel sued it for almost $27,000. In July 1923, the Park County sheriff auctioned the building at a foreclosure sale.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The plaintiffs in the suit—including Bowman—formed Fairplay Hotel Inc. and took over the hotel later that year. Under the management of J. L. Reever, the hotel achieved stability and even prosperity over the next few years. As one of the largest and finest hotels in the area, it was a popular spot for a variety of meetings and celebrations, including gatherings of the Park County Sheep Growers Association, and it benefited from being a stop on the Denver-<a href="/article/leadville"><strong>Leadville</strong></a><a href="/article/leadville"> </a>bus line. Guests paid $4 per night for a room with a private bath, or $2 for a room with a shared bath, and enjoyed amenities such as custom laundry and a hair stylist in the building.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>A Fairplay Institution</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Around 1927, Norman J. Hand started leasing the Fairplay Hotel. The Hand family—Norman, his wife, and his parents—were major players in the Fairplay hospitality industry, and they remained involved with the Fairplay Hotel as managers and then owners for the next two decades.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>During the 1930s, the <strong>Great Depression</strong> put a damper on business, causing the Hands to cut prices to only $1.50 per night in 1938. At the same time, other changes helped the hotel survive. After Prohibition ended in 1933, for example, the Hands opened a lounge in the hotel’s sunroom, installing a Brunswick bar from a former Alma saloon. Meanwhile, by the end of the decade, US 285 had been improved between Kenosha Pass and <strong>Buena Vista</strong>, making it easier for travelers to reach Fairplay by car.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After managing the Fairplay Hotel for more than a dozen years, the Hand family bought it in 1940. Unfortunately, in 1942 they had to close the hotel because gas rationing during <strong>World War II</strong> curtailed travel and kept them from getting enough visitors to make ends meet. They survived by continuing to operate the smaller Hand Hotel, built in 1931. The Hands reopened the Fairplay Hotel after the war ended in 1945 and experienced a boom as tourism spiked with postwar prosperity. The most famous guest during these years was probably comedian Bob Hope, who was spotted at the hotel a couple of times in the late 1940s and early 1950s.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1951 the Hands sold the hotel to Charles and Frank Burgess, and in 1954 Frank took over as sole owner for the next twenty years. During Burgess’s ownership, more visitors came to Fairplay for outdoor recreation, and the hotel advertised itself as a base for activities such as fishing, hiking, and jeeping. In the 1960s, the hotel’s location on Highway 9 made it a popular stopping place for skiers headed to the new resort just over <strong>Hoosier Pass</strong> in <a href="/article/breckenridge-historic-district"><strong>Breckenridge</strong></a>. In addition, the hotel often hosted workers on nearby road and dam projects, and it was a popular venue for local club meetings and wedding receptions.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Toward the end of Burgess’s ownership, he leased the Fairplay Hotel to the Nicholson family, who tried to update the aging building and implement new attractions. The Nicholsons offered to arrange guides for guests interested in fishing and jeeping, and because Jack Nicholson was a former television director and drama professor, they also put on a summer dinner theater from 1971 to 1973. Trying to ride the rising tide of Colorado mountain tourism, the Nicholsons developed a plan to expand the hotel by constructing a dedicated venue for dinner theater along with a thirty-three-unit condominium complex. Their plan was approved by the local planning commission, but it was never built, and owner Frank Burgess sold the hotel in 1974.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Recent Challenges</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Since Burgess sold the Fairplay Hotel, the building has passed from owner to owner, with no one keeping it for very long. Like many former mining towns in Colorado that did not become ski resorts, Fairplay struggled to attract visitors in the late twentieth century. Nevertheless, new owners continued to invest in the Fairplay Hotel in attempts to make it into a tourist draw. Most notably, Henriksen Data Systems, which owned the hotel for three years in the mid-1990s, significantly updated the building’s heating and plumbing, remodeled the kitchen, and removed seventy years of accumulated interior changes to reveal the original maple floors.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2004 David W. Meredith acquired the hotel with the goal of reviving it as a hub for the Fairplay community, and in 2008 he got the building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Despite Meredith’s good intentions, the hotel closed in September 2008—a casualty of the <strong>Great Recession</strong>—and was in danger of being demolished before it was bought by Constance Tiel Schoppe in early 2010.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In a nod to the original hotel on the site, Schoppe renamed the hotel the Fairplay-Valiton and reopened it in the summer of 2010. Over the next three years, she cleaned and redecorated the hotel and revived its bar and restaurant. In August 2013 Schoppe arranged to sell the hotel to brothers Brad, Mark, and Ryan Poage after a ninety-day transition period, but management problems and unpaid wages under the Poages forced her to reclaim management in October and cancel the sale.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2014 Schoppe listed the Fairplay-Valiton again and sold it that August to Denver accountant Lorna Arnold. Arnold owned the hotel for less than a year and a half before unpaid mortgage and utility bills forced her to file a deed in lieu of foreclosure and return the building to Schoppe, who had financed the purchase. Schoppe reclaimed ownership in early 2016 and reopened the hotel and restaurant later that year, but as of 2017 she had once again listed the property for sale.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fairplay" hreflang="en">fairplay</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fairplay-hotel" hreflang="en">Fairplay Hotel</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-hotels" hreflang="en">historic hotels</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/william-bowman" hreflang="en">William Bowman</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Tom Locke, <a href="https://www.theflume.com/news/article_d070999b-e53f-55b5-8114-3213e6901366.html">“Fairplay Hotel Purchased for $400,000,”</a> <em>Park County Republican &amp; Fairplay Flume</em>, March 6, 2010.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Katie O’Brien, <a href="https://www.theflume.com/free_content/article_9e2df132-c6c1-11e5-9e21-3f65e5f66961.html">“Fairplay Hotel Returned to Former Owner,”</a> <em>Park County Republican &amp; Fairplay Flume</em>, January 29, 2016.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>R. Laurie Simmons and Thomas H. Simmons, “Fairplay Hotel,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (August 31, 2007).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Laura Van Dusen, <a href="https://www.theflume.com/news/article_2d651a62-383d-11e3-9e32-001a4bcf6878.html">“Constance Schoppe Takes Back Fairplay-Valiton,”</a> <em>Park County Republican and Fairplay Flume</em>, October 18, 2013.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://www.valitonhotel.com/">The Fairplay-Valiton Hotel</a></p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 25 Aug 2017 18:54:43 +0000 yongli 2726 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Buffalo Peaks Ranch http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/buffalo-peaks-ranch <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Buffalo Peaks Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-06-28T16:14:47-06:00" title="Wednesday, June 28, 2017 - 16:14" class="datetime">Wed, 06/28/2017 - 16:14</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/buffalo-peaks-ranch" data-a2a-title="Buffalo Peaks Ranch"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fbuffalo-peaks-ranch&amp;title=Buffalo%20Peaks%20Ranch"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Buffalo Peaks Ranch is one of the oldest ranches in <a href="/article/park-county"><strong>South Park</strong></a>, with roots in Adolphe and Marie Guiraud’s 1862 <a href="/article/homestead"><strong>homestead</strong></a> along the Middle Fork of the <a href="/article/south-platte-river">South Platte River</a> between <strong>Hartsel</strong> and <a href="/article/fairplay"><strong>Fairplay</strong></a>. Over the next eighty years, three generations of the Guiraud family gradually expanded the ranch before selling it to the McDowell family in 1943. In 1985 the city of <strong>Aurora</strong> acquired the ranch for its <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/water-colorado"><strong>water</strong></a> rights and fishing access, and in 2013 Aurora leased the ranch’s historic buildings and some land to the <strong>Rocky Mountain Land Library</strong>, which plans to open a residential library on the property.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Guiraud Ranch</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Adolphe (sometimes spelled Adolph) and Marie Guiraud were pioneers in South Park ranching. Originally from France—Adolphe was born there in 1823, Marie in 1830—they came to the United States in 1850 and made their way to <strong><a href="/article/denver">Denver</a></strong> in 1860, soon after the <strong><a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush">Colorado Gold Rush</a></strong> of 1858–59. Adolphe opened a store in the town of Hamilton, which was just north of Como in<strong> <a href="/article/park-county">Park County</a></strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Guirauds quickly saw South Park’s agricultural potential. The park lay at a high elevation and received little precipitation, but it was relatively level and had lots of water running through the Platte and Tarryall drainages, making it suitable for growing hay and raising livestock. In 1861, while still in Hamilton, Adolphe claimed South Park’s first permanent ditch rights for agriculture, and in March 1862 the Guirauds <strong><a href="/article/homestead">homesteaded</a></strong> 160 acres along the Middle Fork of the South Platte River in the west-central part of the park. Because they had one of the earliest ranches, they also acquired some of the most valuable water rights in South Park.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Over the next few years, Adolphe continued to work as a merchant. In 1864 he had a meat market in Denver, and in 1865 he ran a store in Fairplay. By the winter of 1865, however, the Guiraud family started to focus on developing and expanding its South Park ranch. By 1868 the family had more than forty acres planted in wheat, oats, rye, potatoes, and other vegetables, and expanded the ranch by purchasing adjacent homesteads. By the time of Adolphe’s death in 1875, the ranch had grown to 640 acres.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Marie Guiraud and her ten children proved to be excellent ranch managers after South Park recovered from the locusts and grasshoppers that swept through the area in 1874 and 1876, respectively. The Guirauds were helped by the arrival of the <strong>Denver, South Park &amp; Pacific Railroad</strong>, which in 1879 built a line that passed about fifty feet west of the ranch house. Marie platted a town called Garo—an Anglicized version of Guiraud—across the river from the ranch, and the railroad established a station there. Garo grew in importance when a spur line was built from the station to Fairplay and <strong>Alma</strong> in the early 1880s. At its height, the town boasted about eighty people, a post office, and a store.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Meanwhile, the Guirauds were expanding their ranch and getting into the beef business. One of the Guiraud children, Louis, started a slaughterhouse in 1880, allowing him to ship beef to the lucrative <a href="/article/leadville"><strong>Leadville</strong></a> market. That year the ranch had 600 cattle and 2,000 acres of grazing land, making it one of the most valuable ranches in Park County. By the early 1900s, the Guirauds had enlarged their ranch to about 5,000 acres.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1906 the original ranch house burned down, but Marie Guiraud immediately replaced it with a new one-story frame house featuring horizontal siding and a high-hipped roof. When Marie died in 1909, her son Ernest took over the ranch. He later passed it to his daughter, Mildred, and her husband, Harry Johns, who managed the ranch and served in the state legislature.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>McDowell Ranch</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>After Mildred Johns died in 1942, Harry Johns sold the ranch to James T. McDowell, Sr. A contractor by trade, McDowell used his construction experience to improve and modernize the ranch, especially after his son, James T. McDowell, Jr., returned from World War II to help run the ranch. They enlarged the main house with two additions and built new garages, barns, granaries, and shops, as well as a cookhouse, bunkhouse, and scale house. The buildings were arranged north and east of the main ranch house east of Highway 9.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>McDowell, Jr., had studied animal husbandry at <strong>Colorado State University</strong>, and he helped expand the family’s Hereford cattle operations on its extensive South Park ranch lands. He served as president of the Central Colorado Cattlemen’s Association and was a member of the Colorado Cattlemen’s Association.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Aurora and the Rocky Mountain Land Library</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1976 the McDowell family sold their holdings, which then passed through the hands of several investors over the next nine years. Meanwhile, in 1981 the city of Aurora completed <strong>Spinney Mountain Reservoir</strong> east of Hartsel, <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/flooding-colorado"><strong>flooding</strong></a> several miles of fishing waters along the Middle Fork of the South Platte River. As mitigation, Aurora agreed to make six miles of previously private fishing waters open to the public for ninety-nine years. To get valuable water rights and help fulfill its fishing mitigation requirement, in 1985 Aurora bought 1,840 acres of the former Guiraud-McDowell Ranch—by that time known as Buffalo Peaks Ranch—from the Swiss corporation Oecofintra AG. In 1987 the city opened part of the Middle Fork of the South Platte River through the ranch to public fishing.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>As with other acquisitions by thirsty <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/front-range"><strong>Front Range</strong></a> cities, Aurora’s purchase of Buffalo Peaks Ranch left it with a large historic property for which it had no clear use. Starting in 2005, Aurora entered discussions with Park County to consider how the land and its historic ranch buildings might be used. A variety of ideas were floated—including a mushroom farm, a wind farm, a shooting ranch, and a brewery—but Park County ultimately wanted to find an educational use focused on the ranch’s history and landscape.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Aurora and Park County found a suitable tenant when they met Jeff Lee and Ann Martin. Long-time employees of the<strong> Tattered Cover</strong> book store in Denver, Lee and Martin had amassed tens of thousands of books about natural history and the West, and they had established an organization, the <strong>Rocky Mountain Land Library</strong>, to promote greater understanding of the relationship between humans and nature. They were searching for a place where they could house all their books and host visiting writers and scholars, and they said they “saw their home” when they visited Buffalo Peaks Ranch.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>It took years to work out the details, but in September 2013 Lee and Martin signed a ninety-five-year lease for the ranch buildings and sixty acres of land. With help from grants, crowdfunding campaigns, and volunteers, they plan to renovate the remaining historic buildings (including the 1906 ranch house) into a residential library where writers, artists, researchers, and others can stay from a few days to a few months to consult the 30,000 volumes that will be kept there. As of April 2017, Lee and Martin had raised more than $130,000 for the project. The library’s collection devoted to ranching will be named the Marie Guiraud Ranching Library in honor of the ranch’s longtime owner.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/guiraud-ranch" hreflang="en">Guiraud Ranch</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mcdowell-ranch" hreflang="en">McDowell Ranch</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/aurora" hreflang="en">aurora</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/rocky-mountain-land-library" hreflang="en">Rocky Mountain Land Library</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/south-platte-river" hreflang="en">south platte river</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/garo" hreflang="en">Garo</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adolphe-guiraud" hreflang="en">Adolphe Guiraud</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/marie-guiraud" hreflang="en">Marie Guiraud</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/james-t-mcdowell" hreflang="en">James T. McDowell</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/jeff-lee" hreflang="en">Jeff Lee</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/ann-martin" hreflang="en">Ann Martin</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p><a href="https://www.auroragov.org/residents/water/water_system/recreation/buffalo_peaks_ranch">“Buffalo Peaks Ranch,”</a> City of Aurora, n.d.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; &#13; <p>R. Laurie Simmons and Thomas H. Simmons, “Guiraud Ranch / McDowell Ranch,” Colorado Cultural Resource Survey (March 2002).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>Bayou Salado: The Story of South Park</em>, rev. ed. (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2002).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Laura Van Dusen, <a href="https://www.cozine.com:8443/2014-july/oasis-south-park-buffalo-peaks-ranch-transforming-rocky-mountain-land-library">“An Oasis in South Park: Buffalo Peaks Ranch Transforming Into Rocky Mountain Land Library,”</a> <em>Colorado Central Magazine</em>, July 2014.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Park County Local History Archives, <em>Park County</em> (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2015).</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://landlibrary.wordpress.com/">Rocky Mountain Land Library</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>John Wenzel, “<a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2017/04/06/rocky-mountain-land-library-kickstarter-goal/">Rocky Mountain Land Library Hits Ambitious Kickstarter Goal, Sets Its Sights Higher</a>,” <em>The Denver Post</em>, April 6, 2017.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 28 Jun 2017 22:14:47 +0000 yongli 2686 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Park County http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/park-county <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Park County</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2232--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2232.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/park-county"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Park_County_media1_0.png?itok=MurL9pMw" width="1024" height="741" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/park-county" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Park County</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Park County encompasses South Park, a broad intermountain basin that holds the headwaters of the South Platte River.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-01-30T11:27:45-07:00" title="Monday, January 30, 2017 - 11:27" class="datetime">Mon, 01/30/2017 - 11:27</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/park-county" data-a2a-title="Park County"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fpark-county&amp;title=Park%20County"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Park County covers 2,211 square miles of the <a href="/article/rocky-mountains"><strong>Rocky Mountains</strong></a> in central Colorado. Park County’s elevation rages from 7,000 to 14,000 feet. The county’s namesake and dominant geographic feature is South Park, a large, high-altitude <strong>basin</strong> containing the headwaters of the <a href="/article/south-platte-river"><strong>South Platte River</strong></a>. Park County is bordered by <a href="/article/clear-creek-county"><strong>Clear Creek County</strong></a> to the north, <a href="/article/jefferson-county"><strong>Jefferson</strong> </a>and <a href="/article/teller-county"><strong>Teller</strong></a> Counties to the east, <a href="/article/fremont-county"><strong>Fremont County</strong></a> to the south, <a href="/article/chaffee-county"><strong>Chaffee</strong></a> and <a href="/article/lake-county"><strong>Lake</strong></a> Counties to the west, and <a href="/article/summit-county"><strong>Summit</strong> <strong>County</strong></a> to the northwest.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Park County has a population of 16,510 and features just two incorporated towns. <strong>Alma</strong>, the highest incorporated town in the United States, lies along State Highway 9 in northwestern Park County, while <a href="/article/fairplay"><strong>Fairplay</strong></a>, the county seat, lies just to the southeast at the junction of Highway 9 and <strong>US Highway 285</strong>. Also located off Route 285 in northern Park County are the unincorporated communities of <strong>Bailey</strong>, Shawnee,<strong> Grant</strong>, Jefferson, and <strong>Como</strong>. Nearly 65 percent of Park County’s population lives in subdivisions around Bailey. <strong>Lake George</strong>, another unincorporated community, lies along US Highway 24 in the hills west of South Park, while <strong>Hartsel</strong> is in the center of the basin. The small community of <strong>Guffey</strong> lies just off Highway 9 in southern Park County. The county is also home to ghost towns, including <strong>Antero Junction</strong>, Garo, and <strong>Tarryall</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Native Inhabitants</h2>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/clovis"><strong>Clovis</strong></a> points found in the South Park Basin provide the earliest evidence of human habitation in the Park County area, dating to around 12,000 years ago. The climate during this time was colder and wetter than the present and supported a larger amount of flora and fauna than currently live in the area. Early occupants would have been hunter-gatherers who hunted mammoth and <a href="/article/bison"><strong>bison</strong></a>. Evidence for subsequent occupations is provided in regionally and culturally specific projectile points found throughout the area, which date until about 5,700 years ago.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The earliest modern Indigenous group, the Nuche (<a href="/search/google/ute"><strong>Ute)</strong></a>, began to occupy the area in the fourteenth or fifteenth century. A Ute band known as the Tabeguache—the “people of Sun Mountain”—seasonally inhabited the area surrounding the Mosquito Range on the western side of South Park. This area proved to be a fertile hunting ground and held rich mineral resources, including chert, a stone used for arrowheads and points, and mica, which was used for signal mirrors. <a href="/article/colorado%E2%80%99s-great-plains"><strong>Plains</strong></a> peoples—including the <strong>Arapaho</strong>, <strong>Comanche</strong>, <strong>Kiowa</strong>, and <strong>Cheyenne</strong>—also ranged into the basin to hunt.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>European Arrival</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Around 1630, the Spanish became the first Europeans to enter the area and the first to contact the Utes in South Park. The Utes acquired horses from the Spanish, and the animals became an important status symbol in Ute culture and allowed the Nuche to expand their hunting territory. The Spanish called the basin Valle Salido, or Salt Valley, due to the salt springs in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>French<strong> <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fur-trade-colorado">fur trappers</a></strong> began arriving in the area in the early 1700s. They called the area Bayou Salade, “salt marshes.” American trappers arrived a century later. Trapping peaked in Park County between the 1820s and 1840s. <a href="/article/kit-carson"><strong>Kit Carson</strong></a> was among the trappers who worked in the area. The first mention of gold in Park County supposedly came during this time as well. The explorer <a href="/article/zebulon-montgomery-pike"><strong>Zebulon Pike</strong></a> reported that <a href="/article/beaver"><strong>beaver</strong></a> trapper Jim Pursley told him of a gold find near the headwaters of the South Platte in 1806, though neither man pursued it.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Mining and Ranching</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>Colorado Gold Rush</strong></a> brought the first permanent white settlements to the Park County area in 1858–59. The discovery of gold along Tarryall Creek northwest of Como in 1859, along with subsequent discoveries in the area, enticed some 10,000 people to present-day Park County, including prospectors, merchants, laborers, and a host of other people hoping to cash in on <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/precious-metal-mining-colorado"><strong>mining</strong></a> and related activities. Miners and mining companies established camps throughout South Park, including the Mosquito Mining District near present-day Alma, and the present town of Fairplay on Beaver Creek. Park County was one of the original seventeen counties established with the <a href="/article/colorado-territory"><strong>Colorado Territory</strong></a> in 1861. Initially, the county seat was the mining camp of Tarryall, but two months later it was moved to Buckskin Joe, another mining community named for its founder, <strong>Joseph Higginbotham</strong>. Finally, in 1867 the county seat was again moved to Fairplay, where it remains today.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Gold, and later silver, made Park County prosperous. Between 1859 and 1867, miners produced nearly $2.5 million in gold, the majority of which was placer gold, or surface gold that was accessible in streambeds. After 1867, those deposits were panned out, and mining companies began using more expensive, machine-driven techniques such as hydraulic mining and hard-rock drilling to extract gold from mountainsides and underground veins. This ended the era of the individual prospector, since only capital-rich companies could afford the machinery and infrastructure necessary for lode mining (hard rock mining). Using these new techniques, mining companies in Park County extracted more than $850,000 of additional gold between 1868 and 1880.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Silver, copper, and lead production began in the early 1870s and totaled about $3.7 million by 1880. In 1871 silver was discovered on Mt. Bross, and the Moose Mine became a highly lucrative enterprise. By 1881, it had churned out nearly $3 million in silver. Smelters were built in the town of Alma, near Mt. Bross, to extract silver from ore. Over time, other minerals—including zinc, molybdenum, and <a href="/article/uranium-mining"><strong>uranium</strong></a>—along with oil, gas, and some coal were all mined in the region. Mining began to decline drastically in the region by the early 1890s.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Farming was difficult in Park County due to the high altitude, short growing season, and harsh winters, so ranching became the dominant form of food production in the area. Samuel Hartsel, Adolphe and Marie Guiraud, and Charles Hall were among the first ranchers to move into South Park in the early 1860s. Ranchers primarily raised cattle and sheep, as they were generally hearty enough to survive the long winters. One agricultural product that became popular in Park County was native hay, which became known around the world for its rich nutrient content—some European royalty ordered Park County hay for their horses.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ranchers capitalized on the region in other ways as well. Hartsel built baths in the mid-1870s around the hot springs on his land and offered accommodations to travelers. He first housed tourists in his home and later built a small hotel close to the baths. Hall, meanwhile, founded the <a href="/article/colorado-salt-works"><strong>Colorado Salt Works</strong></a> and sold the important preservative to other residents in the area. Salt proved a lucrative product for Hall until the railroad arrived in Park County and decreased the need for long-term food preservation.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The growth of population and industry in South Park led to tension and conflict with the Tabeguache Utes, who used the area as a summer hunting ground. In 1859, for example, Tabeguaches killed a handful of prospectors near Tarryall, and several other white men were killed in South Park. In the 1860s the area was also the site of clashes between the Utes and the Arapaho. As white occupation of the area increased, the US government brokered treaties to remove South Park’s indigenous people. The <a href="/article/treaty-fort-wise"><strong>Treaty of Fort Wise</strong></a> in 1861 removed the Arapaho and their plains neighbors, the Cheyenne, to eastern Colorado. In 1864 Congress approved a treaty with the Utes that granted the United States rights to all land in Colorado east of the Continental Divide (and Middle Park). To hasten the Indians’ removal, the government encouraged the hunting of bison. In 1897 the last wild bison in Colorado were killed in South Park.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Railroads and Growth</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The growth of Park County brought the railroad. The <strong>Denver South Park &amp; Pacific (DSP&amp;P)</strong> first reached the town of Como in 1879. This narrow-gauge line was the first to reach central Colorado’s mining districts, running from Denver over the Platte Canyon into South Park, and eventually into <a href="/article/leadville"><strong>Leadville</strong></a>. The railroad meant ease of travel for residents, businesspeople, and visitors and brought the regular arrival of newspapers and mail. Telegraph lines also came into South Park alongside the railroad tracks, providing a faster communication link to Denver and the rest of the nation. The DSP&amp;P carried building materials and other goods into South Park and freighted ore, cattle, and hay back to Denver. The Como Depot was the primary stop in Park County. In 1880 another depot opened in the town of Jefferson. The line expanded again the following year, adding stops in Fairplay and Garo. It reached Alma in 1882 and continued into Summit County.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The arrival of the DSP&amp;P encouraged the development and expansion of South Park’s towns. Rancher William Head, for instance, platted and expanded Jefferson in 1883, and the town became an important supply town for the county. The town of Garo also expanded at this time, becoming an important depot for the cattle and hay industry. In 1881 a hotel opened in Como, and in 1885 the <strong>Union Pacific Railroad</strong> bought and expanded the business and named it the Pacific Hotel. It primarily served rail passengers and crew. In 1896 the Pacific burned down and was replaced by the Como Hotel. Throughout this period, Como prospered as a railroad town for the DSP&amp;P, as workers moved there with their families.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1887 the standard-gauge <strong>Colorado Midland Railroad</strong> (CM) arrived in Park County. This line ran west from <a href="/article/colorado-springs"><strong>Colorado Springs</strong></a>, through South Park, and on to <a href="/article/grand-junction"><strong>Grand Junction</strong></a>. It brought building materials, processed foods, furnishings, and other goods to South Park and carried cattle and hay back to the Front Range. The ranching town of Hartsel became the primary CM stop in Park County.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>George Frost completed construction on the Lake George Dam in 1890, which ran across the South Platte River at Eleven Mile Canyon. On the reservoir, named Lake George, Frost began an ice production facility that supplied the Colorado Midland Railroad with ice for produce railway cars.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The increase in ranching and population created the need for water and land management programs in South Park. Following a series of dry summers, the state created Water District 23 in 1888. Meanwhile, the 1891 <strong>Forest Reserve Act</strong> led to the establishment of the Pikes Peak Timberland Reserve, the Plum Creek Timberland Reserve, and the South Platte Reserve in 1892. The reserves protected forests from the timber industry, which in turn helped protect the land from <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/flooding-colorado"><strong>flooding</strong></a> and erosion. In 1907 President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration consolidated the three reserves into the <a href="/article/us-forest-service-colorado"><strong>Pike National Forest</strong></a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Decline</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The <a href="/article/panic-1893"><strong>Panic of 1893</strong></a> severely affected Park County’s silver mines. Silver production declined sharply as prices fell, dropping from 62,350 ounces in 1893 to 43,817 ounces in 1894. Mines closed, jobs evaporated, and rail traffic decreased due to lack of freight. County gold and silver mines rebounded in the early twentieth century, however, hitting a peak production value of more than $600,000 in 1909.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>That year, a fire destroyed the DSP&amp;P offices in Como. Rather than rebuild, the railroad moved those offices to Denver, leading to a severe decline in the town’s population from which it never recovered. The following year, the railroad also decreased the number of trains and routes, again causing a decline in jobs and population. In 1926, the railroad again reduced routes, which left the town nearly abandoned.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1905 a fire tore through the town of Alma and destroyed many businesses. Other fires in 1915 and 1917 burned the Alma hotel, Catholic church, town offices, and much of the business district. Alma recovered and was rebuilt. During the Great Depression, a small gold rush drew many unemployed city workers to Alma and other mountain mining areas to search for their fortune. During this boom, two more fires, one in 1935 and another in 1937, destroyed most of the business district. While Alma was rebuilt again, it did not recover financially, as mining went into decline after the 1930s.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Midland Railroad ceased operation in 1918, bringing an end to the Lake George ice works. In 1923 a flood destroyed the dam and the lake. The discontinuation of the CM line led to a major decline in population and commerce in Hartsel. In 1937, the Colorado &amp; Southern (formerly DSP&amp;P) discontinued service, bringing an end to all rail service in South Park.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Tourism and Culture</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>After the decline of mining in Park County, tourism and ranching were the major industries. The Hartsel Ranch’s hot springs was a tourist destination until 1972, when the hotel burned down and the hot springs closed. In 1938 Lake George Dam was rebuilt and became a tourist destination and resort community.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1948 the first World Championship Pack Burro Race was held in Fairplay. As a part of <strong>Burro Days</strong>, an annual festival held the last weekend of July, the race sends runners twenty-nine miles to the top of Mosquito Pass and back with a burro. The <strong>South Park City Museum</strong> opened in 1959 and manages forty-two historic buildings, seven on their original site and the rest relocated from Park County’s early towns. Visitors can explore buildings furnished c. 1880, as well as other exhibits showcasing the area’s mining history. In the 1990s the South Park area inspired Trey Parker and Matt Stone’s popular animated television series <strong><em>South Park</em></strong><em>.</em></p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1998 the Park County Land and Water Trust was established to help protect and preserve the county’s water resources and their associated land. This trust was created in reaction to Aurora’s proposed Conjunctive Use Project, which planned to divert groundwater from the South Park Aquifer to Strontia Springs Reservoir for use by Aurora residents. The Park County Land and Water Trust fought and defeated this proposal, preserving the county’s water resources for residents. Funded by a 1 percent county sales tax, the organization continues to work for Park County water rights through the creation of educational signage and conservation easements on some of the county’s most scenic properties.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Today, tourism and outdoor recreation form the backbone of the Park County economy. The entertainment and recreation sector employs 334 people, second only to the 400 jobs in public administration. The county is home to many federal recreation areas, including Pike National Forest, the <strong>Mt. Evans</strong>, Lost Park, and Buffalo Peaks Wilderness Areas; Eleven Mile Canyon Recreation Area; and part of the <strong>Colorado Trail</strong>, among others. Bristlecone Pine Scenic Area allows hikers or skiers to see 2,000-year-old bristlecone pine trees that have been warped by the wind. Pike National Forest is also home to many popular fishing and camping areas.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Popular outdoor activities for tourists include hiking, mountain biking,<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/snow"><strong> snow</strong></a> shoeing, ice climbing, cross-country skiing, and mountaineering. Park County is home to four <a href="/article/fourteeners"><strong>Fourteeners</strong></a>, mountains that rise over 14,000 feet: <strong>Mt. Lincoln</strong>, <strong>Mt. Democrat</strong>, <strong>Mt. Cameron</strong>, and <strong>Mt. Bross</strong>—all of which are accessible via a single trailhead at Kite Lake—and <strong>Mt. Sherman</strong>, accessible via County Road 18. Park County also features a variety of wildlife, including <a href="/article/rocky-mountain-elk"><strong>elk</strong></a>, <a href="/article/bighorn-sheep"><strong>bighorn sheep</strong></a>, <strong>bobcats,</strong> and other animals.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Farming and ranching also continue in Park County today. As of 2012, county ranchers raise a combined herd of 6,565 cattle and calves, and hay remains the top crop.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/park-county" hreflang="en">Park County</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/south-park" hreflang="en">South Park</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/central-colorado-mining-district" hreflang="en">central Colorado mining district</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Carl Abbot, Stephen J. Leonard, and Thomas J. Noel, <em>Colorado: A History of the Centennial State</em>, 4th ed. (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2005).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado.com Staff Writer, “<a href="https://www.colorado.com/articles/real-south-park-colorado">The Real South Park Colorado</a>,” <em>Colorado.com</em>, May 9, 2016.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Charles W. Henderson, “Mining in Colorado: A History of Discovery, Development and Production,” US Geological Survey (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1926).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Steve Lipsher, “<a href="https://extras.denverpost.com/news/water/water14.htm">Residents Want to Draw Line in the Dust</a>,” <em>The Denver Post</em>, October 4, 1998.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Park County, “<a href="https://www.parkco.us/73/Assessor/Pdf/2012ParkCountyProfile.pdf">2012 Park County Profile</a>,” 2012.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Park County, “<a href="http://co-parkcounty.civicplus.com/31/About-Us">About Us</a>,” updated 2016.</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="http://www.parkcountytrust.org/">Park County Land &amp; Water Trust</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico </em>(Boulder: University Press of Colorado 2000).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>South Park National Heritage Area, “<a href="https://southparkheritage.org/heritage-history/">History and Heritage</a>,” updated 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>US Census Bureau, “<a href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/08093,00">State and County Quick Facts: Park County, Colorado</a>,” updated 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>US Forest Service, “<a href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/main/psicc/about-forest/about-area">Pike and San Isabel National Forests, Cimarron and Comanche National Grasslands</a>,” n.d.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Marion Ritchey Vance and John A. Vance, “<a href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/psicc/about-forest/districts/?cid=stelprdb5087145">Pike Peak History: The Story Behind the Pike National Forest</a>,” US Forest Service, n.d.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Linda Bjorklund, <em>A Brief History of Fairplay </em>(Charleston, SC: History Press, 2013).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado.com Staff, "<a href="https://www.colorado.com/articles/colorado-scenic-byway-mount-blue-sky">Colorado Scenic Byway: Mount Evans</a>," Colorado Tourism, 2017.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado.com Staff, "<a href="https://www.colorado.com/articles/real-south-park-colorado">The Real South Park Colorado</a>," Colorado Tourism, 2017.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Lee Heideman, <em>Wagons West: Transportation, Entertainment and Industry, More on Sphinx Park, Buffalo, Pine Grove, Bailey and Beyond </em>(Conifer, CO: Magic Wordweaver Press, 2005).</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="http://www.parkco.us/81/Heritage-Tourism-and-Community-Developme">Park County Department of Heritage, Tourism, &amp; Community Development</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>Park County Historical Society, <em>Historic Stories and Legends of Park County</em>, (Bailey, CO: Park County Historical Society, 1988).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Park County Local History Archives, <em>Park County: Park County Local History Archives</em> (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2015).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>Bayou Salado: The Story of South Park </em>(Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2002).</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://southparkheritage.org/">South Park National Heritage Area</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>US Department of Agriculture, “<a href="https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2012/Online_Resources/County_Profiles/">2012 Census of Agriculture County Profile: Park County Colorado</a>,” National Agricultural Statistics Service.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 30 Jan 2017 18:27:45 +0000 yongli 2233 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Beckwith Ranch http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/beckwith-ranch <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Beckwith Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 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'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/beckwith-ranch"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Beckwith_Ranch_0.jpg?itok=UiCQxX0R" width="1000" height="560" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/beckwith-ranch" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Beckwith Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In the early 2000s, the nonprofit Friends of Beckwith Ranch used State Historical Fund grants and private donations to restore the ranch buildings and reopen them as a wedding and events center.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 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'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-10-27T15:11:57-06:00" title="Thursday, October 27, 2016 - 15:11" class="datetime">Thu, 10/27/2016 - 15:11</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/beckwith-ranch" data-a2a-title="Beckwith Ranch"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fbeckwith-ranch&amp;title=Beckwith%20Ranch"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located about five miles north of <strong>Westcliffe</strong> in the <strong>Wet Mountain Valley</strong>, Beckwith Ranch was established in 1870 by brothers Edwin and Elton Beckwith and grew to be one of the largest cattle operations in south-central Colorado. In the 1880s and 1890s the Beckwiths built an elaborate headquarters complex consisting of a white Victorian house and other white ranch buildings facing a central courtyard. Today the historic ranch headquarters buildings have been restored by Friends of Beckwith Ranch and can be rented for weddings and other events.</p> <h2>Prosperous Ranch</h2> <p>Originally from Mount Desert Island, Maine, Edwin and Elton Beckwith started raising cattle in the Wet Mountain Valley around 1870. Edwin had come to Colorado at least as early as 1869, when he joined <strong>Charles Goodnight</strong> and others in driving several thousand cattle north from Texas. In about 1870 Elton left his Philadelphia flour and grain business to join his brother in Colorado.</p> <p>The Beckwiths quickly built one of the largest cattle ranches in the area. They eventually acquired more than 3,000 acres of land. By 1880 they had about 200 horses and 7,000 head of cattle—roughly half of all the cattle in the Wet Mountain Valley at the time. In the 1880s they became active in the cattle industry and in politics. In 1883 they helped establish the United Rocky Mountain Cattlemen’s Association to fight cattle rustling, and from 1886 to 1888 Elton served one term in the Colorado state senate. By 1898 the brothers were worth an estimated $5 million.</p> <p>As the ranch prospered, the brothers expanded their ranch headquarters, especially after Elton married Elsie Davis in 1875 and started a family. The original hewn-log cabin at the core of the main house was built at least by 1876 and perhaps as early as 1870. In the 1880s and 1890s the cabin was expanded significantly into the irregular Victorian house that exists today. In the 1880s the roof was raised to make the structure two stories and siding was added to cover the log walls. A variety of additions were built in the 1890s, including a kitchen wing, a pantry, and the building’s striking porte cochere or covered entry. By the 1890s the Beckwiths also spent part of the year in a mansion in <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>.</p> <p>In addition to the main ranch house, the Beckwiths developed a cluster of nearby buildings that all faced a central courtyard or entryway. In the 1890s they built a bunkhouse, ice house, garage, cattle barn, horse barn, and servants’ quarters. The complex was unified by a common color scheme of white walls and red roofs. The headquarters once included a second house, a gazebo, and livestock sheds, but they were removed sometime in the twentieth century.</p> <p>No further additions were made to the property after 1899; development seems to have ceased soon after Edwin Beckwith’s death in 1898. In 1907 Elton Beckwith died in a fall that may have been a suicide. After Elton’s death, his wife sold the ranch to the Baker and Biggs Company and moved to Denver. The ranch was later split into smaller parcels, but in 1942 the ranch headquarters was acquired by Mac Clevenger of Pueblo, who repaired and renovated the buildings and also gradually accumulated most of the former Beckwith Ranch lands.</p> <h2>Wedding and Events Center</h2> <p>By the 1990s, the ranch was owned by Paul and Phyllis Seegers. In 1996 they donated the headquarters buildings and three and a half acres of land to the nonprofit Friends of Beckwith Ranch. In 1998 the group got Beckwith Ranch listed on the National Register of Historic Places. With funding from the State Historical Fund, other grants, and private donations, the group also began a long-term restoration of the ranch buildings. Restoration of exteriors was completed in 2009, and restoration of the ranch house interior followed in 2011. Friends of Beckwith Ranch now operates the property as a wedding and events center.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/wet-mountain-valley" hreflang="en">Wet Mountain Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/edwin-beckwith" hreflang="en">Edwin Beckwith</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/elton-beckwith" hreflang="en">Elton Beckwith</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/cattle-ranching" hreflang="en">Cattle ranching</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Joanne West Dodds, <em>Custer County: Mountains, Mines and Ranches</em> (Denver: Colorado Endowment for the Humanities, 1992).</p> <p>Carol and Steven Mehls, “Beckwith Ranch,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (August 23, 1997).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Rosamae Wells Campbell, <em>From Trappers to Tourists: Fremont County, Colorado, 1830–1950</em> (Palmer Lake, CO: Filter Press, 1972).</p> <p>Gayle Turk, <em>Wet Mountain Valley</em> (Colorado Springs: Little London Press, 1975).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Thu, 27 Oct 2016 21:11:57 +0000 yongli 1961 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Colorado Salt Works http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-salt-works <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado Salt Works</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--998--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--998.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/salt-works-kettle-house"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Z-12823_0.jpg?itok=8qOcMbNY" width="1000" height="667" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/salt-works-kettle-house" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Salt Works Kettle House</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>This L-shaped kettle house produced salt for Charles Hall’s Colorado Salt Works in the 1860s. Much of the building still stands, but the chimney collapsed in the 1990s.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--999--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--999.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/salt-works-ranch"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/DSCN0571-HR_0.jpg?itok=TDiGhKbf" width="1000" height="636" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/salt-works-ranch" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Salt Works Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Located in Park County, the Salt Works Ranch still operates as a Centennial Farm under the ownership of Charles Hall's descendants. The salt works buildings have become a part of the ranch landscape.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1001--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1001.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/salt-kettle-colorado-salt-works"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Kettle_0.jpg?itok=ze-DdXtZ" width="1000" height="565" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/salt-kettle-colorado-salt-works" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Salt Kettle from Colorado Salt Works</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Donated to the Colorado Historical Society (now History Colorado) in the 1930s, this kettle was one of the earliest kettles used by the Colorado Salt Works in South Park in the early 1860s.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-12-02T15:53:35-07:00" title="Wednesday, December 2, 2015 - 15:53" class="datetime">Wed, 12/02/2015 - 15:53</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-salt-works" data-a2a-title="Colorado Salt Works"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcolorado-salt-works&amp;title=Colorado%20Salt%20Works"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>In 1866 the rancher and businessman Charles Hall added a kettle house and barn to his Colorado Salt Works in <a href="/article/park-county"><strong>South Park</strong></a>. The only salt works and the second manufacturing facility built in Colorado, the buildings operated intermittently for several years before the arrival of the railroad brought cheaper salt from the eastern United States. Though the kettle house has deteriorated, it is perhaps the only example of a salt-producing kettle house still standing in the United States.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Bayou Salado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The salt springs located on the west side of South Park, about twenty miles south of <a href="/article/fairplay"><strong>Fairplay</strong></a>, was known to <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/search/google/ute"><strong>Ute</strong></a> Indians and early European traders long before it was used for commercial salt production. The springs attracted buffalo and antelope, which gathered there to drink and feed. These game animals in turn attracted Utes, who hunted the animals and got salt from the springs. European explorers and traders came to the springs for similar reasons, and the site acquired the name Bayou Salado (Salt Marsh).</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Colorado Salt Works</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Settlers and prospectors came to South Park in the<strong> <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush">Colorado</a></strong><a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"> <strong>Gold Rush of 1859</strong></a>. Two years later, J. C. Fuller made the first attempt to produce salt from the springs for commercial sale. Salt was in high demand in Colorado. It was used primarily for processing mineral ores, as well as for various domestic and agricultural needs. Before the railroad came to Colorado, salt had to be shipped by wagon from Missouri. High demand, limited supply, and heavy shipping costs made for expensive salt.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Fuller was attempting to take advantage of this situation by producing salt locally. In 1861 he ordered boilers (to boil off the water, leaving only the salt behind) and began to advertise his salt. Little evidence remains regarding the scale or success of Fuller’s venture, but he apparently abandoned the business in 1862.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The prospector and rancher Charles L. Hall acquired Fuller’s operation and began to produce salt. Born in New York in 1835, Hall had come to Colorado in 1859 in search of gold. He followed reports of gold discoveries to South Park in 1861 and soon became associated with the salt works. In early 1862 he acquired the property. He established a cattle ranch called the Salt Works Ranch and began to make salt using the Fuller’s equipment. By October 1862 he was selling salt for six or seven cents a pound, marketing it in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> and other towns. By the following September he had five kettles in operation, with a capacity of 800–1,000 pounds of salt per day. The Halls also made a little extra money by operating a hotel, store, and sawmill at the ranch at various times.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1864 Hall convinced two investors to buy into his operation. He partnered with <strong>John Quincy Adams Rollins</strong>, a developer for whom Rollinsville is named, and General George W. Lane, superintendent of the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-mint"><strong>Denver Mint</strong></a>, to establish the Colorado Salt Works.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The additional capital from his partners enabled Hall to erect a kettle house and a barn in 1866. The kettle house was a large L-shaped building, about 125 feet long on the one-story kettle wing and 60 feet long on the two-story wing used for drying, sacking, and storing the salt. The kettle wing housed eighteen large 130-gallon kettles for boiling the salty brine from the springs. It had a tall chimney on its east end, which became a prominent landmark in South Park.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hall’s new kettle house and barn probably cost at least $50,000. They were in operation by December 1866, when Rollins took a sample of salt made in the kettle house to Denver. In an address to the Denver Board of Trade that month, former territorial governor <a href="/article/john-evans"><strong>John Evans</strong></a> noted that “extensive salt works are in operation in the South Park, supplying the home demand for the article, and capable of a production equal to any probable increase in the future demand.” By 1867 the Salt Works was producing about fifty tons of salt a month.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Salt Works was the only salt-production facility ever built in Colorado, though there were several other salt springs in the state. The Salt Works was also the second manufacturing facility built in Colorado (after a cannon foundry in Denver). It produced at least 760,000 pounds of salt during its years in operation, with the total probably surpassing 1 million pounds.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Decline and Disuse</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Salt Works turned profits for several years but faced economic and legal difficulties in the late 1860s. The partners had trouble finding brine strong enough to make production efficient. A member of <strong>Ferdinand V. Hayden</strong>’s survey visited the Salt Works in October 1869 and reported that the brine was “not abundant or strong.” Expenses rose further when nearby timber ran out, forcing workers to travel to get fuel to boil the brine. Meanwhile, the Salt Works partners began to squabble. Lane left in 1868 or 1869 and his share went to Rollins, who got into a series of legal disputes with Hall because he had provided most of the money for the 1866 buildings. The death blow for the Salt Works came when the railroad reached Denver in 1870, making imported salt from the East much more available and affordable. The Colorado Salt Works stopped operating that summer.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Salt Works was revived briefly in the early 1880s by a group of investors who formed the Colorado Salt Manufacturing Company and leased the facility from Hall. They planned to sink new wells at the springs and make salt by evaporation. The <em>Fairplay Flume</em> reported in December 1883 that the company had shipped its first carload of salt. Six weeks later, however, the project was abandoned because the high cost of production made profits impossible.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hall’s Salt Works Ranch still operates in South Park and is owned by Hall’s descendants. For much of the early twentieth century, the ranch work was managed by Hall’s son-in-law, Thomas McQuaid, an important South Park rancher who lived into his late nineties. McQuaid helped the ranch grow to 80,000 acres at its height, though it has since decreased in size. The ranch is now a Centennial Farm and a historic site.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Salt Works buildings, idle for more than 130 years, have become part of the ranch landscape. The Salt Works barn remains in good condition and has been used for storage. The one surviving wing of the kettle house has served as a shelter for the ranch’s cattle. The kettle house’s chimney stood until the 1990s, when it collapsed because it had been weakened by cattle rubbing against its base. Old pans and kettles are still present on the ranch; some are used to water livestock. One large kettle was donated to the Colorado Historical Society (now <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/history-colorado-colorado-historical-society"><strong>History Colorado</strong></a>) in the 1930s.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/salt" hreflang="en">salt</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/charles-hall" hreflang="en">Charles Hall</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/j-c-fuller" hreflang="en">J. C. Fuller</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/south-park" hreflang="en">South Park</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/bayou-salado" hreflang="en">Bayou Salado</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/john-quincy-adams-rollins" hreflang="en">John Quincy Adams Rollins</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/thomas-mcquaid" hreflang="en">Thomas McQuaid</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>John J. Lipsey, <em>The Salt Works in Colorado’s South Park</em> (Colorado Springs: J. J. Lipsey, Western Books, 1959).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>Bayou Salado: The Story of South Park</em>, rev. ed. (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2002).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>R. Laurie Simmons and Thomas H. Simmons, “Colorado Salt Works,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (September 1, 2000).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Dan Jennings, “<a href="https://www.cozine.com:8443/1996-july/tales-from-the-south-park-salt-works">Tales from the South Park Salt Works</a>,” <em>Colorado Central Magazine</em>, July 1996.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365913844/">"Centennial Farms,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, December 15, 2016.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>In 1866 the rancher and businessman Charles Hall added a kettle house and barn to his Colorado Salt Works in <strong>South Park</strong>. This was the only salt works. It was the second manufacturing facility built in Colorado. The buildings operated off and on for many years. This was until the arrival of the railroad which brought cheaper salt from the eastern United States. Though the kettle house is run-down, it is perhaps the only example of a salt-producing kettle house still standing in the United States.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Bayou Salado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The salt springs are located on the west side of South Park, about twenty miles south of Fairplay. It was known to Ute Indians and early European traders long before it was used for commercial salt production. The springs attracted buffalo and antelope. They gathered there to drink and feed. These game animals in turn attracted Utes. They hunted the animals and got salt from the springs. European explorers and traders came to the springs for similar reasons. The site was named the Bayou Salado (Salt Marsh).</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Colorado Salt Works</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Settlers and prospectors came to South Park in the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>Colorado Gold Rush of 1859</strong></a>. Two years later, J. C. Fuller made the first attempt to produce salt from the springs for commercial sale. Salt was in high demand in Colorado. It was used mainly for processing mineral ores. It was also used for other domestic and farming and ranching needs. Before the railroad came to Colorado, salt had to be shipped by wagon from Missouri. High demand, limited supply, and heavy shipping costs made for expensive salt.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Fuller tried to take advantage of this situation by producing salt locally. In 1861 he ordered boilers (to boil off the water, leaving only the salt behind) and began to advertise his salt. We don’t know much about Fuller’s business, but he gave up the business in 1862.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The prospector and rancher Charles L. Hall bought Fuller’s operation and began to produce salt. Born in New York in 1835, Hall had come to Colorado in 1859, in search of gold. He followed reports of gold discoveries to South Park in 1861. He soon became associated with the salt works. In early 1862, he purchased the property. He established a cattle ranch called the Salt Works Ranch. He began to make salt using Fuller’s equipment. By October 1862, he was selling salt for six or seven cents a pound. He sold it in Denver and other towns. By the following September he had five kettles at work. They made 800–1,000 pounds of salt per day. The Halls also made a little extra money by operating a hotel, store, and sawmill at the ranch.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1864 Hall convinced two investors to buy into his operation. He partnered with <strong>John Quincy Adams Rollins</strong>. Rollins was a developer for whom Rollinsville is named. The other investor was General George W. Lane, superintendent of the Denver Mint. Together they established the Colorado Salt Works.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The additional money from his partners allowed Hall to erect a kettle house and a barn in 1866. The kettle house was a large L-shaped building. It was about 125 feet long on the one-story kettle wing. It was sixty feet long on the two-story wing used for drying, sacking, and storing the salt. The kettle wing housed eighteen 130-gallon kettles for boiling the salty brine from the springs. It had a tall chimney on its east end. This became an important landmark in South Park.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hall’s new kettle house and barn probably cost at least $50,000. They were working by December 1866. Rollins took a sample of salt made in the kettle house to Denver. Former territorial governor John Evans gave a speech to the Denver Board of Trade that month. He said that “extensive salt works are in operation in the South Park, supplying the home demand for the article, and capable of a production equal to any probable increase in the future demand.” By 1867 the Salt Works was producing about fifty tons of salt a month.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Salt Works was the only salt-production facility ever built in Colorado. There were several other salt springs in the state though. The Salt Works was also the second manufacturing facility built in Colorado (after a cannon foundry in Denver). It produced at least 760,000 pounds of salt during its years in operation. The total probably surpassed 1 million pounds.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Decline and Disuse</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Salt Works made a profit for many years. They had money and legal problems in the late 1860s. The partners had trouble finding brine strong enough to make good salt. Costs went up more when nearby timber ran out. Workers had to travel to get fuel to boil the brine. Meanwhile, the Salt Works partners began to argue. Lane left in 1868 or 1869 and his share went to Rollins. Rollins got into a series of legal problems with Hall because he had provided most of the money for the 1866 buildings. The death blow for the Salt Works came when the railroad reached Denver in 1870. This made imported salt from the East easier to get and cheaper. The Colorado Salt Works stopped doing business that summer.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Salt Works started back up for a little while in the early 1880s. A group of investors formed the Colorado Salt Manufacturing Company and leased the buildings from Hall. They planned to sink new wells at the springs and make salt by evaporation. The <em>Fairplay Flume</em> reported in December 1883 that the company had shipped its first carload of salt. Six weeks later, however, the project was shut down. It cost too much to make the salt and they couldn't make a profit.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hall’s Salt Works Ranch is still in business in South Park. It is owned by Hall’s descendants. For much of the early twentieth century, the ranch work was managed by Hall’s son-in-law, Thomas McQuaid. He was an important South Park rancher who lived into his late nineties. McQuaid helped the ranch grow to 80,000 acres. It has since decreased in size. The ranch is now a Centennial Farm and a historic site.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Salt Works buildings, have been sitting for more than 130 years. They have become part of the ranch landscape. The Salt Works barn remains in good condition and has been used for storage. The one wing that is left of the kettle house has been a shelter for the ranch’s cattle. The kettle house’s chimney stood until the 1990s when it collapsed. It had been weakened by cattle rubbing against its base. Old pans and kettles are still present on the ranch. Some are used to water livestock. One large kettle was donated to the Colorado Historical Society (now History Colorado) in the 1930s.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>In 1866 the rancher and businessman Charles Hall added a kettle house and barn to his Colorado Salt Works in <strong>South Park</strong>. The only salt works and the second manufacturing facility built in Colorado, the buildings operated intermittently for several years before the arrival of the railroad brought cheaper salt from the eastern United States. Though the kettle house has deteriorated, it is perhaps the only example of a salt-producing kettle house still standing in the United States.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Bayou Salado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The salt springs located on the west side of South Park, about twenty miles south of Fairplay, was known to Ute Indians and early European traders long before it was used for commercial salt production. The springs attracted buffalo and antelope, which gathered there to drink and feed. These game animals in turn attracted Utes, who hunted the animals and got salt from the springs. European explorers and traders came to the springs for similar reasons, and the site acquired the name Bayou Salado (Salt Marsh).</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Colorado Salt Works</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Prospectors came to South Park in the <strong><a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush">Colorado Gold Rush of 1858–5</a>9</strong>. Two years later, J. C. Fuller made the first attempt to produce salt from the springs for commercial sale. Salt was in high demand in Colorado. It was used primarily for processing mineral ores, as well as for various domestic and agricultural needs. Before the railroad came to Colorado, salt had to be shipped by wagon from Missouri. High demand, limited supply, and heavy shipping costs made for expensive salt.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Fuller was attempting to take advantage of this situation by producing salt locally. In 1861 he ordered boilers (to boil off the water, leaving only the salt behind) and began to advertise his salt. Little evidence remains regarding the scale or success of Fuller’s venture, but he apparently abandoned the business in 1862.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The prospector and rancher Charles L. Hall acquired Fuller’s operation and began to produce salt. Born in New York in 1835, Hall had come to Colorado in 1859, in search of gold. He followed reports of gold discoveries to South Park in 1861 and soon became associated with the salt works. In early 1862, he purchased the property. He established a cattle ranch called the Salt Works Ranch and began to make salt using Fuller’s equipment. By October 1862, he was selling salt for six or seven cents a pound, marketing it in Denver and other towns. By the following September he had five kettles in operation, with a capacity of 800–1,000 pounds of salt per day. The Halls also made a little extra money by operating a hotel, store, and sawmill at the ranch at various times.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1864, Hall convinced two investors to buy into his operation. He partnered with <strong>John Quincy Adams Rollins</strong>, a developer for whom Rollinsville is named, and General George W. Lane, superintendent of the Denver Mint. Together they established the Colorado Salt Works.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The additional capital from his partners enabled Hall to erect a kettle house and a barn in 1866. The kettle house was a large L-shaped building, about 125 feet long on the one-story kettle wing and 60 feet long on the two-story wing used for drying, sacking, and storing the salt. The kettle wing housed eighteen large 130-gallon kettles for boiling the salty brine from the springs. It had a tall chimney on its east end. This became a prominent landmark in South Park.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hall’s new kettle house and barn probably cost at least $50,000. They were in operation by December 1866 when Rollins took a sample of salt made in the kettle house to Denver. In an address to the Denver Board of Trade that month, former territorial governor John Evans noted that “extensive salt works are in operation in the South Park, supplying the home demand for the article, and capable of a production equal to any probable increase in the future demand.” By 1867 the Salt Works was producing about fifty tons of salt a month.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Salt Works was the only salt-production facility ever built in Colorado, though there were several other salt springs in the state. The Salt Works was also the second manufacturing facility built in Colorado (after a cannon foundry in Denver). It produced at least 760,000 pounds of salt during its years in operation. The total probably surpassed 1 million pounds.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Decline and Disuse</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Salt Works turned profits for several years but faced economic and legal difficulties in the late 1860s. The partners had trouble finding brine strong enough to make production efficient. A member of Ferdinand V. Hayden’s survey visited the Salt Works in October 1869 and reported that the brine was “not abundant or strong.” Expenses rose further when nearby timber ran out, forcing workers to travel to get fuel to boil the brine. Meanwhile, the Salt Works partners began to squabble. Lane left in 1868 or 1869 and his share went to Rollins, who got into a series of legal disputes with Hall because he had provided most of the money for the 1866 buildings. The death blow for the Salt Works came when the railroad reached Denver in 1870. This made imported salt from the East much more available and affordable. The Colorado Salt Works stopped operating that summer.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Salt Works was revived briefly in the early 1880s by a group of investors who formed the Colorado Salt Manufacturing Company and leased the facility from Hall. They planned to sink new wells at the springs and make salt by evaporation. The <em>Fairplay Flume</em> reported in December 1883 that the company had shipped its first carload of salt. Six weeks later, however, the project was abandoned because the high cost of production made profits impossible.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hall’s Salt Works Ranch still operates in South Park and is owned by Hall’s descendants. For much of the early twentieth century, the ranch work was managed by Hall’s son-in-law, Thomas McQuaid. He was an important South Park rancher who lived into his late nineties. McQuaid helped the ranch grow to 80,000 acres at its height, though it has since decreased in size. The ranch is now a Centennial Farm and a historic site.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Salt Works buildings, idle for more than 130 years, have become part of the ranch landscape. The Salt Works barn remains in good condition and has been used for storage. The one surviving wing of the kettle house has served as a shelter for the ranch’s cattle. The kettle house’s chimney stood until the 1990s, when it collapsed because it had been weakened by cattle rubbing against its base. Old pans and kettles are still present on the ranch; some are used to water livestock. One large kettle was donated to the Colorado Historical Society (now History Colorado) in the 1930s.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>In 1866 rancher and businessman Charles Hall added a kettle house and barn to his Colorado Salt Works in <strong>South Park</strong>. The only salt works and the second manufacturing facility built in Colorado, the buildings operated intermittently for several years before the arrival of the railroad brought cheaper salt from the eastern United States. Though the kettle house has deteriorated, it is perhaps the only example of a salt-producing kettle house still standing in the United States.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Bayou Salado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The salt springs located on the west side of South Park, about twenty miles south of Fairplay, was known to Ute Indians and early European traders long before it was used for commercial salt production. The springs attracted buffalo and antelope, which gathered there to drink and feed. These game animals in turn attracted Utes, who hunted the animals and got salt from the springs. European explorers and traders came to the springs for similar reasons, and the site acquired the name Bayou Salado (Salt Marsh).</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Colorado Salt Works</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Settlers and prospectors came to South Park in the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>Colorado Gold Rush of 1859</strong></a>. Two years later, J. C. Fuller made the first attempt to produce salt from the springs for commercial sale. Salt was in high demand in Colorado and was used primarily for processing mineral ores, as well as for various domestic and agricultural needs. Before the railroad came to Colorado, salt had to be shipped by wagon from Missouri. High demand, limited supply, and heavy shipping costs made for expensive salt.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Fuller attempted to take advantage of this situation by producing salt locally. In 1861 he ordered boilers (to boil off the water, leaving only the salt behind) and began to advertise his salt. Little evidence remains regarding the scale or success of Fuller’s venture, but he apparently abandoned the business in 1862.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The prospector and rancher Charles L. Hall then acquired Fuller’s operation and began to produce salt. Born in New York in 1835, Hall had come to Colorado in 1859, in search of gold. He followed reports of gold discoveries to South Park in 1861 and soon became associated with the salt works. In early 1862, he acquired the property. He established a cattle ranch called the Salt Works Ranch and began to make salt using Fuller’s equipment. By October 1862, he was selling salt for six or seven cents a pound, marketing it in Denver and other towns. By the following September he had five kettles in operation, with a capacity of 800–1,000 pounds of salt per day. The Halls also made a little extra money by operating a hotel, store, and sawmill at the ranch at various times.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1864 Hall convinced two investors to buy into his operation. He partnered with <strong>John Quincy Adams Rollins</strong>, a developer for whom Rollinsville is named, and General George W. Lane, superintendent of the Denver Mint, to establish the Colorado Salt Works.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The additional capital from his partners enabled Hall to build a kettle house and a barn in 1866. The kettle house was a large L-shaped building, about 125 feet long on the one-story kettle wing and 60 feet long on the two-story wing used for drying, sacking, and storing the salt. The kettle wing housed eighteen 130-gallon kettles for boiling the salty brine from the springs. It had a tall chimney on its east end, which became a prominent landmark in South Park.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hall’s new kettle house and barn probably cost at least $50,000. They were in operation by December 1866 when Rollins took a sample of salt made in the kettle house to Denver. In an address to the Denver Board of Trade that month, former territorial governor John Evans noted that “extensive salt works are in operation in the South Park, supplying the home demand for the article, and capable of a production equal to any probable increase in the future demand.” By 1867, the Salt Works was producing about fifty tons of salt a month.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Salt Works was the only salt-production facility ever built in Colorado, though there were several other salt springs in the state. The Salt Works was also the second manufacturing facility built in Colorado (after a cannon foundry in Denver). It produced at least 760,000 pounds of salt during its years in operation, with the total probably surpassing 1 million pounds.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Decline and Disuse</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Colorado Salt Works turned profits for several years but faced economic and legal difficulties in the late 1860s. The partners had trouble finding brine strong enough to make production efficient. A member of Ferdinand V. Hayden’s survey visited the Salt Works in October 1869 and reported that the brine was “not abundant or strong.” Expenses rose further when nearby timber ran out, forcing workers to travel to get fuel to boil the brine. Meanwhile, the Salt Works partners began to squabble. Lane left in 1868 or 1869 and his share went to Rollins, who got into a series of legal disputes with Hall because he had provided most of the money for the 1866 buildings. The death blow for the Salt Works came when the railroad reached Denver in 1870, making imported salt from the East much more available and affordable. The Colorado Salt Works stopped operating that summer.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Salt Works was revived briefly in the early 1880s by a group of investors who formed the Colorado Salt Manufacturing Company and leased the facility from Hall. They planned to sink new wells at the springs and make salt by evaporation. The <em>Fairplay Flume</em> reported in December 1883 that the company had shipped its first carload of salt. Six weeks later, however, the project was abandoned because the high cost of production made profits impossible.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hall’s Salt Works Ranch still operates in South Park and is owned by Hall’s descendants. For much of the early twentieth century, the ranch work was managed by Hall’s son-in-law, Thomas McQuaid, an important South Park rancher who lived into his late nineties. McQuaid helped the ranch grow to 80,000 acres at its height, though it has since decreased in size. The ranch is now a Centennial Farm and a historic site.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Salt Works buildings, idle for more than 130 years, have become part of the ranch landscape. The Salt Works barn remains in good condition and has been used for storage. The one surviving wing of the kettle house has served as a shelter for the ranch’s cattle. The kettle house’s chimney stood until the 1990s, when it collapsed because it had been weakened by cattle rubbing against its base. Old pans and kettles are still present on the ranch; some are used to water livestock. One large kettle was donated to the Colorado Historical Society (now History Colorado) in the 1930s.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 02 Dec 2015 22:53:35 +0000 yongli 996 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org