%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Burnham Hoyt http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/burnham-hoyt <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Burnham Hoyt</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2022-02-14T14:45:55-07:00" title="Monday, February 14, 2022 - 14:45" class="datetime">Mon, 02/14/2022 - 14:45</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/burnham-hoyt" data-a2a-title="Burnham Hoyt"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fburnham-hoyt&amp;title=Burnham%20Hoyt"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Colorado’s most notable architect, Burnham “Bernie” Hoyt (1887–1960) designed eighty-five major constructed projects in a variety of styles, ranging from a fifteenth-century Scottish castle (<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cherokee-ranch-and-castle">Cherokee Castle</a>, 1926) in Sedalia to the radically modern Boettcher School for Crippled Children (1940) in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver">Denver</a>. As the official architect for Denver Parks and Recreation, he planned <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/red-rocks-park-and-amphitheatre">Red Rocks Amphitheatre</a> (1941), his most famous work. His modern residences and modernizing projects, such as the Albany Hotel (1938), earned him accolades for bringing architectural modernism to Colorado.</p> <h2>Early Career</h2> <p>Burnham Hoyt was born in 1887 in Denver. The son of a carriage designer from New Brunswick, Canada, he grew up in northwest Denver’s Highland neighborhood, where he attended Boulevard Elementary School and North High School. His older brother, Merrill, an architect, was aware of his brother’s talent and urged Burnham to follow him into that field. Burnham worked first with the Denver firm of Kidder and Wieger before beginning his formal architectural training at the Beaux Arts Institute of Design in New York City in 1908. Hoyt excelled in his studies, winning six design competitions. He found work for seven years with the prestigious New York firm of George B. Post &amp; Sons, for whom he designed the interior woodwork of St. Barnabas Church. Then he spent two years with another well-known New York firm, Bertram Goodhue.</p> <p><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-world-war-i">World War I</a> interrupted Hoyt’s New York work. He served in the Army Camouflage Corps, disguising heavy artillery and other instruments of war, for two years in France. He returned to Denver in 1919 to join a partnership with his brother Merrill. They officed in the neoclassical Colorado National Bank Building, for which they designed a rear addition (1920) that so precisely matched the original that few can tell the difference. The partnership of M.&nbsp;H. and B. Hoyt, Architects thrived during the 1920s, when they designed such notable Denver landmarks as the Spanish Baroque Revival Park Hill Branch Library (1920), the English Gothic Style Lake Junior High School (1926), and St. Martin’s Chapel (1927) at <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/st-john%E2%80%99s-episcopal-cathedral">St. John’s Episcopal Cathedral</a>. Burnham became the preferred architect of Denver’s wealthy and architecturally selective, for whom he designed many fine residences.</p> <h2>Mature Work</h2> <p>In 1926, following a European tour, Burnham was commissioned by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., to finish Riverside Baptist Church in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of New York City. Moving back to the city, he joined the New York University School of Architecture as a professor and in 1930 became dean of the design department. He also worked for six years with the New York firm of Belton, Allen &amp; Collins. His New York career ended with the 1933 death of his brother Merrill from a heart attack during a dinner party. Burnham returned to Denver to complete the firm’s commissions and stayed for the rest of his life. In 1936 he married Mildred Fisher, sister of the prominent Denver interior designer Thornton Fisher. She did interior design for many of Burnham’s buildings.</p> <p>From 1936 to 1955, Hoyt headed his own firm. During this period, he shifted from historical styles, which had been popular in the 1920s, to the International style. His designs in this mode typically exhibit flat roofs, rounded bays, smooth masonry, glass walls, clean lines, and a lack of ornament. His interest in lighting is reflected in large expanses of glass and a clever variety of direct and indirect light. Many of Hoyt’s designs were featured in national architectural magazines as outstanding examples of modernism, including the Bromfield Residence (1936) at 4975 South University Boulevard and the Sullivan House (1941) at 545 Circle Drive in Denver’s <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/country-club-historic-district">Country Club neighborhood</a>. With its flat roof, stark white facade, and dark bands of windows that wrap around corners, the Sullivan House is a masterpiece of International Style residential design. Hoyt ventured into historic preservation when he helped restore buildings in the mountain town of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/central-city%E2%80%93black-hawk-historic-district">Central City</a>, such as the Romanesque <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/central-city-opera-house">Central City Opera House</a> (1932) and Ida Kruse McFarlane Memorial (1944). His work to advance the architectural profession included helping to organize the Denver Atelier, a branch of the New York Beaux Arts Institute, to train young students.</p> <h2>Red Rocks Amphitheatre</h2> <p>Hoyt’s masterpiece, Red Rocks Amphitheatre (1941), lies in the foothills town of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/morrison">Morrison</a>, about ten miles west of Denver. Here Hoyt squeezed a 10,000-seat theater in between two mammoth rocks, with another, Stage Rock, serving as a backdrop in an acoustically superb natural setting. The most notable thing about Red Rocks, a modern echo of the famous outdoor amphitheaters of ancient Greece and Rome, is how closely Hoyt worked with nature, making minimal changes to the stony setting. He even brought down native <a href="http://www.coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/conifers">juniper trees</a> from Mount Morrison for the venue’s planters.</p> <p>This awesome structure blending into the foothills brought Hoyt immediate national fame for what is still considered America’s finest outdoor theater. Red Rocks starred as the sole Colorado structure included in the American Institute of Architecture’s National Gallery exhibit on the history of American architecture in 1957. Red Rocks also captured an award from the Museum of Modern Art as “one of the fifty outstanding examples of American architecture” of the 1940s. The Civilian Conservation Corps, whose youthful recruits built Red Rocks, has also celebrated it as one of the finest of its many works nationwide.</p> <h2>The End</h2> <p>In the early 1950s, Hoyt was struck with Parkinson’s disease at the peak of his career. He could no longer hold a pencil and had to dictate to his assistants when planning his final project, the central <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-public-library">Denver Public Library</a> (1955) in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/civic-center">Civic Center</a>. That sleek limestone building relates to its site—one of Hoyt’s fortes as an architect—by incorporating the same gray stone as surrounding government buildings while also featuring a large, glassy, semicircular bay overlooking Civic Center and reflecting the curve of adjacent East Fourteenth Avenue. One of the best surviving specimens of Hoyt’s modernism, the original 1955 building is now attached to Michael Graves’s much larger postmodernist addition.</p> <p>Hoyt died in 1960 in a strikingly simple house he designed for himself at 3130 East Exposition Avenue. Although some of his best work—including the Boettcher School and the Albany Hotel—has been demolished, many of Hoyt’s finest designs survive as evidence that he remains Colorado’s premier architect and foremost champion of modernism. Of his buildings, Hoyt spoke modestly in the <em>Rocky Mountain News</em> in 1947: “Some of them stand up well—those of the simplest design.” Much of his surviving work is listed in the National Register of Historic Places or has been named a local landmark. In 2015 Hoyt’s finest work, Red Rocks Amphitheatre, was designated a National Historic Landmark, and his Denver Public Library is part of the Civic Center National Historic Landmark.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/noel-thomas-j" hreflang="und">Noel, Thomas J.</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/burnham-hoyt" hreflang="en">Burnham Hoyt</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/merrill-hoyt" hreflang="en">Merrill Hoyt</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/red-rocks" hreflang="en">Red Rocks</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/st-johns-cathedral" hreflang="en">St. John&#039;s Cathedral</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/country-club" hreflang="en">Country Club</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-public-library" hreflang="en">Denver Public Library</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/central-city-opera-house" hreflang="en">central city opera house</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Burnham Hoyt Architectural Records, WH1188, Western History &amp; Genealogy Department, Denver Public Library.</p> <p>Thomas J. Noel and Barbara S. Norgren, <em>Denver: The City Beautiful and Its Architects</em> (Denver: Historic Denver, Inc., 1987).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Thomas J. Noel, <em>Sacred Stones: Colorado’s Red Rocks Park and Amphitheatre </em>(Denver: Denver Division of Theatres and Arenas, 2004).</p> <p>Michael Paglia, Rodd L. Wheaton, and Diane Wray, <em>Denver, the Modern City</em> (Denver: Historic Denver, Inc., 1999).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 14 Feb 2022 21:45:55 +0000 yongli 3667 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org St. John’s Episcopal Cathedral http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/st-johns-episcopal-cathedral <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">St. John’s Episcopal Cathedral</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-06-29T16:51:43-06:00" title="Tuesday, June 29, 2021 - 16:51" class="datetime">Tue, 06/29/2021 - 16:51</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/st-johns-episcopal-cathedral" data-a2a-title="St. John’s Episcopal Cathedral"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fst-johns-episcopal-cathedral&amp;title=St.%20John%E2%80%99s%20Episcopal%20Cathedral"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>St. John’s Episcopal Cathedral (1350 Washington Street, <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>) was the first Episcopal congregation in Colorado and serves as the seat of the Episcopal Diocese of Colorado. The 1911 cathedral is a fine example of the Late English Gothic style, and the entire cathedral complex occupies a full block in Denver’s <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver%E2%80%99s-capitol-hill"><strong>Capitol Hill</strong></a> neighborhood. The church is also notable for its magnificent stained-glass windows, its outstanding choir, and its social activism.</p> <h2>Early Denver Episcopalians</h2> <p>St. John’s was founded in 1860 by Reverend John H. Kehler, who initially held services in a dirt-floored log cabin and then in the Criterion Saloon and the Apollo Hall Theater. In 1861 Kehler’s congregation was officially called, as it still is, St. John’s Church in the Wilderness, the nearest Episcopal church being hundreds of miles away. Early parish records reflect Denver’s rough-and-tumble beginnings: Of the first twelve burial services Kehler conducted, five of the deceased had been shot, two were executed for murder, one shot himself, and one died of alcoholism, leaving only three to die of “natural causes.”</p> <p>As time passed, the congregation grew, and in 1862 it purchased a small church abandoned by Southern Methodists at Fourteenth and Arapahoe Streets. The Episcopalians added a sagging canvas ceiling to keep it dry, various frame additions, and a bell tower.</p> <h2>The First Cathedral</h2> <p>In 1869 Denver became part of the Episcopal Mission District of the Northwest, which included Colorado, the Dakotas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming. In 1890 the Diocese of Colorado was created with its own bishop. By that time, Denver had already built a grand church that would serve as the diocesan cathedral. It was largely the work of Reverend <strong>Henry Martyn Hart</strong>, a young cleric from suburban London. Hart had first come west to hunt <strong>buffalo</strong>, and when he visited Denver, he was asked to preach at St. John’s. After turning down repeated requests to take charge at St. John’s, Hart finally agreed in 1879. He arrived with a wife, six children, a governess, two maids, and a strong vision that would guide St. John’s for forty-two years.</p> <p>Working with the missionary (later diocesan) bishop of Colorado, <strong>John Franklin Spalding</strong>, Hart had architects Lloyd &amp; Pearce of Detroit design a large red-brick, Romanesque-style church at the intersection of Twentieth and Welton Streets. Bishop Spalding laid the cornerstone on September 21, 1880. The cathedral shared the site with Matthews Hall (a theological school where the bishop lived), Jarvis Hall school for boys, a cottage for the principal, a gymnasium, and a deanery. The church seated 860 and boasted ladies’, boys’, and men’s choirs. The elaborate interior included an iron-and-brass rood screen separating the nave from the choir and chancel, and an oak reredos behind the altar with thirteen carved figures from Oberammergau, Germany.</p> <p>A fire in 1903 completely destroyed the cathedral, with only the reredos, pulpit, rood screen, baptismal fount, and eleven stained-glass windows surviving. Hart personally rescued the carved reredos figures. Despite a $1,000 reward, the arsonist was never caught.</p> <h2>New Homes</h2> <p>&nbsp;After the fire, the St. John’s congregation found temporary homes in <strong>Central Presbyterian Church</strong> and <strong>Temple Emanuel</strong>. It also began planning for a new and larger cathedral. From eighteen competing architects, St. John’s selected a top New York architectural firm, Tracy &amp; Swartwout. They designed a new cathedral to occupy most of the block bounded by East Fourteenth and Thirteenth Avenues and Washington and Clarkson Streets in the upscale residential neighborhood of Capitol Hill. (Not until 1921 would St. John’s buy the remaining six lots to complete the block.) Just east of the site lay <strong>Wolfe Hall</strong>, the city’s Episcopal girls’ school, since demolished to build Morey Middle School. To provide temporary quarters for services and offices, Tracy &amp; Swartwout planned a white-brick, Romanesque-style chapter house on Clarkson Street facing Wolfe Hall.</p> <p>For the cathedral itself, Tracy &amp; Swartwout employed the Late English Gothic Revival style. Building costs soon threatened to exceed the $125,000 limit, so the architects went back to the drawing board. Revised plans replaced the original <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/marble-mill-site"><strong>Colorado Yule marble</strong></a> exterior with oolite limestone from Bedford, Indiana. Two transepts giving the cathedral a cruciform shape and a tall central tower were dropped. Work began in 1905.</p> <h2>St. John’s Cathedral</h2> <p>St. John’s Episcopal Cathedral was finally completed in 1911. Inside, the center aisle is 185 feet long and 65 feet high. The Gothic style was blended with some contemporary features, such as a center bay with a soaring stained-glass window between twin hundred-foot-high entry towers.</p> <p>The cathedral’s most brilliant fixtures are its exquisitely detailed stained-glass windows, which constitute a 100-year collection of masterworks, starting with twelve by the Edward Frampton Studio in England (eleven of which were saved from the 1903 fire). Most of the west-side windows depict Old Testament sins, while the east side shows New Testament scenes and virtues. The Frampton Studio’s masterpiece, the Last Judgment, fills the grand arched windows over the entry doors. Later work includes equally fine stained glass from Frampton, the Charles Connick studio in Boston, and the modern Colorado artist Edgar Britton. Denver’s own Watkins Studios, headed by eighth-generation stained-glass maker Philip Watkins, has done much of the repair, replacement, and maintenance work.</p> <p>St. John’s has always prided itself on fine music. A grand Kimball organ was given to the cathedral in 1938 and is one of its greatest treasures, affectionately known as “Bertha.” The organ’s 5,961 handmade pipes range from thirty-two feet to eighteen inches in height and from eighteen inches to pencil shape in diameter. Among many notable choirmasters and organists was Englishman <strong>Henry Houseley</strong>, who also played the organ at Temple Emanuel and founded the first <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-symphony"><strong>Denver Symphony</strong></a>. His ashes are buried under the floor beneath the choir. Another musical renaissance came when Don Pearson became organist and choir director in 1981. He improved the children’s choir, augmented the concert series, started a Friends of Music support group, and launched new programs such as Music with Lunch. Pearson was honored as Colorado Conductor of the Year, and St. John’s Choir became one of the country’s most recorded.</p> <h2>Alterations and Additions</h2> <p>Over the years, many additions have been made to the cathedral, including classrooms, choir rooms, offices, meeting rooms, a kitchen, a library, and St. Francis Chapel for Children. The most notable addition, St. Martin’s Chapel, was added in 1927, with a design by <strong>Burnham</strong> and <strong>Merrill Hoyt</strong>. St. Martin’s dominant ornament is a Madonna and Child reredos by celebrated Denver artist <strong>Arnold Rönnebeck</strong>, then head of the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-art-museum"><strong>Denver Art Museum</strong></a>.</p> <p>St. Francis Chapel and the Paul Roberts Education and Music Building were added in 1957 on the site of the original chapter house. Later, the cathedral expanded its grounds to include Cathedral Square North and Dominick Park on the north side of Fourteenth Avenue, which provided additional parking. All Souls’ Walk, a columbarium for funerary remains, was added in 1966 on the northeast side of the church. The Diocesan Center, a decidedly modern building, went up in 1975 at the southwest corner of the cathedral’s block.</p> <p>During the 1980s, under the direction of Dean Donald McPhail, St. John’s adopted “high church” ways with elaborate vestments, rituals, musical chants, and incense (“bells and smells”). Traditionalists further rejoiced in June 1982, when Princess Anne worshipped at the cathedral. The 1980s “high church” era helped roughly double Sunday worshippers from 500 to 1,000 and increased the paid staff from 13 to 22.</p> <h2>Community Service</h2> <p>As early as the 1860s, St. John’s Ladies of the Cathedral Aid Society did charitable work. The name changed to the Women of St. John’s in 1960, but the charity continued. In 1887 Hart joined Monsignor William J. O’Ryan of <strong>St. Leo the Great Catholic Church</strong>, Reverend Myron Reed of the <strong>First Congregational Church</strong>, and Rabbi William S. Friedman of Temple Emanuel to form the Denver Charity Organization Society. That consolidated charity evolved into today’s <strong>United Way</strong>.</p> <p>In more recent decades, the cathedral has been active in housing the homeless and in LGBT rights. Dean <strong>Paul Roberts</strong> (1936–57) was especially noted for his pacifism and work with Indigenous Americans, Japanese Americans, women, and children. Mayor <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/j-quigg-newton"><strong>Quigg Newton</strong></a> appointed him head of Denver’s Survey Commission on Human Relations. During the 1960s, Canon Russell Nakata spearheaded the Cathedral Social Services Committee, which gave emergency aid to as many as 900 individuals a week. Canon Nakata’s work on housing led Mayor William H. “Bill” McNichols, Jr., to appoint him to the <strong>Denver Housing Authority</strong>, which he chaired for nine years. During the 1970s and 1980s, St. John’s welcomed its first Japanese, Indigenous, and female clergy, and in 1981 it celebrated the first woman to be ordained a deacon in the Diocese of Colorado.</p> <h2>Today</h2> <p>Especially during the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/coronavirus-colorado"><strong>COVID-19 pandemic</strong></a> of 2020–21, when many homeless Denverites camped on the cathedral grounds, clergy reached out to the urban campers, and parishioners helped clean up the area. One night a week, the Women’s Homeless Initiative took in homeless women, gave them a hot meal, and allowed them to spend a night in Dagwell Hall. (Other local churches covered the rest of the week.)</p> <p>Even in normal times, the cathedral focuses on assisting the homeless. The grounds are home to <strong>Metro Caring</strong>’s community gardens, and the cathedral runs the nearby Network Coffee House, which offers help and hot showers. The cathedral also built, owns, and operates the St. Francis Apartments to provide people with housing and counseling.</p> <p>To honor St. John’s architectural, charitable, and historical contributions to Denver and the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/rocky-mountains"><strong>Rocky Mountain</strong></a> region, the cathedral was named one of Denver’s first official landmarks in 1968 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/noel-thomas-j" hreflang="und">Noel, Thomas J.</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/st-johns-cathedral" hreflang="en">St. John&#039;s Cathedral</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/john-kehler" hreflang="en">John Kehler</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/henry-martyn-hart" hreflang="en">Henry Martyn Hart</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/john-franklin-spaulding" hreflang="en">John Franklin Spaulding</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/tracy-swartwout" hreflang="en">Tracy &amp; Swartwout</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/burnham-hoyt" hreflang="en">Burnham Hoyt</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/merrill-hoyt" hreflang="en">Merrill Hoyt</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Helen M. Arndt, “St. John’s Cathedral,” National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form (1974).</p> <p>Ann Lindou Jones, <em>Glory in the Wilderness: The Art of Saint John’s Cathedral, Denver, Colorado, 1911–2011</em> (Winter Park, CO: GuestGuide Publications, 2011).</p> <p>Robert Irving Woodward, <em>Saint John’s Church in the Wilderness: A History of St. John’s Cathedral in Denver, Colorado, 1860–2000</em> (Denver: Prairie Publishers, 2001).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Louisa Ward Arps, ed., <em>Faith on the Frontier: Religion in Colorado Before August 1876 </em>(Denver: Colorado Council of Churches, 1976).</p> <p>Allen du Pont Breck, <em>The Episcopal Church in Colorado, 1860–1963</em> (Denver: Big Mountain Press, 1963).</p> <p>Henry Martyn Hart,<em> Recollections and Reflections</em> (New York: Gibb Brothers &amp; Moran, 1917).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Tue, 29 Jun 2021 22:51:43 +0000 yongli 3596 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Cherokee Ranch and Castle http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cherokee-ranch-and-castle <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cherokee Ranch and Castle</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2829--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2829.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/cherokee-castle"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Cherokee-Ranch-and-Castle-Media-1_0.jpg?itok=casNOsqf" width="1000" height="867" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/cherokee-castle" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cherokee Castle</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Cherokee Castle was designed by Burnham Hoyt and built in 1924–26 for owner Charles Alfred Johnson. Johnson named the castle Charlford after his son, Charles, and stepson, Gifford. (The <a href="/article/bison"><strong>bison</strong></a> in the foreground were pasted onto the original image.)</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-12-06T15:20:50-07:00" title="Wednesday, December 6, 2017 - 15:20" class="datetime">Wed, 12/06/2017 - 15:20</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cherokee-ranch-and-castle" data-a2a-title="Cherokee Ranch and Castle"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcherokee-ranch-and-castle&amp;title=Cherokee%20Ranch%20and%20Castle"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Cherokee Ranch includes more than three thousand acres of land along US 85 near <strong>Sedalia</strong> in <a href="/article/douglas-county"><strong>Douglas County</strong></a>. In the late nineteenth century, the land was <a href="/article/homestead"><strong>homesteaded</strong></a> by the Blunt and Flower families. <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> businessman Charles Alfred Johnson acquired the Flower land in 1924 and hired <strong>Burnham Hoyt</strong> to design a striking castle atop one of the ranch’s bluffs. In 1954 <strong>Tweet Kimball</strong> bought Johnson’s ranch as well as the Blunt ranch to form the present Cherokee Ranch, which she used to raise Santa Gertrudis cattle. In the 1990s, she established a conservation easement on the land and started a cultural and education foundation to manage the property.</p> <h2>Native Inhabitants</h2> <p>In 1971 the Mountain and Plains Archaeological Organization identified and excavated two prehistoric rock shelters on the side of a mesa on Cherokee Ranch overlooking East Plum Creek. One shelter was above the other, with the upper shelter containing only a hearth, some burned bones, and scattered flakes. The lower shelter was considerably larger, measuring about thirty-five feet wide and twenty-four feet deep with a ceiling of up to fifteen feet high. It also contained many more cultural artifacts, including stone projectile points and knives, ceramic pottery shards, and some fragmented bones. In their report on the excavation, Charles Nelson and Bruce Stewart argued that the artifacts were evidence of a Shoshone occupation dating to about 1250–1590 CE.</p> <p>Starting in the sixteenth century, the land that is now Cherokee Ranch was occupied by <strong>Ute</strong> people, who established winter camps near present-day Denver and <strong>Castle Rock</strong> after spending the summer and fall tracking game in the mountains. By the early nineteenth century, the <strong>Cheyenne</strong> and <strong>Arapaho</strong> had migrated to the area, often wintering along Plum Creek and the <a href="/article/south-platte-river"><strong>South Platte River</strong></a>.</p> <h2>Early Homesteads</h2> <p>In the early nineteenth century, mountain men and trappers started to use the Mountain Man Trail to pass through the land that is now Cherokee Ranch. The trail followed the ridge north of the ranch (using the route of what is now Daniels Park Road), then turned south toward East Plum Creek. Around 1847 someone in the area, presumably a trapper, built a log cabin and dug a well near the trail.</p> <p>Homesteaders arrived in the late 1860s, about a decade after the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>Colorado Gold Rush</strong></a> of 1858–59 brought a wave of speculators to Colorado. What is now Cherokee Ranch was formed from two adjacent homesteads. The first was the Blunt Homestead, settled by a former Union soldier named John Blunt in 1868. In 1873 Blunt built a two-story wood-frame house that featured clapboard siding and a front gambrel roof, giving it a Dutch Colonial flavor. Three generations of Blunts—John, Elmer, and Ray—lived on the ranch, gradually acquiring adjacent parcels until their property encompassed more than 1,500 acres. The Blunts called their land Sunflower Ranch and used it to grow wheat and sorghum and raise cattle.</p> <p>The second homestead was the Flower Homestead, claimed by an English immigrant named Frederick Flower in 1894. Flower settled on the north side of Cherokee Mountain, just uphill from the Blunt family, eventually acquiring nearly 2,400 acres. In 1895 he built a four-room house made of local rhyolite stone, where he lived with his wife and his sister. Located on a saddle with wide-open views, the one-story house had a side-gable roof and a linear plan with several exterior doors, making it look vaguely like old Hispano residences in southern Colorado.</p> <h2>Charles Alfred Johnson’s Ranch</h2> <p>In the early 1920s, Denver businessman Charles Alfred Johnson took a trip to <a href="/article/daniels-park"><strong>Daniels Park</strong></a>, which had recently been established as the first (and only) <a href="/article/denver-mountain-parks"><strong>Denver Mountain Park</strong></a> in Douglas County. As president of the Denver Chamber of Commerce, Johnson had played a role in getting the Mountain Parks system started a decade earlier.</p> <p>Johnson was so impressed by his trip to the Daniels Park area that he decided to buy a large ranch nearby and build a hunting lodge. In 1924 he acquired the 2,380-acre Flower property. (He wanted to get the Blunt family’s ranch, too, but they would not sell.) He hired Denver architect Burnham Hoyt to build a small lodge on the property, then prepared to leave for a long European tour. Before departing, however, he changed his mind and told Hoyt he wanted a year-round residence. He gave Hoyt complete freedom to build whatever he wanted.</p> <p>Hoyt designed a twenty-four-room mansion meant to resemble a Scottish castle originally constructed in 1450 and modified continually up to 1920. Located on top of a mesa near the Flower house, the castle was built using local stone and pieces of petrified wood, making it look like a natural extension of the land. Hoyt hired thirty experienced Cornish masons to do the work. The masons lived on-site for more than two years to construct the castle, which had a rubble stone foundation, rock-faced stone walls, a slate-tile roof, and a variety of towers, turrets, gargoyles, and chimneys.</p> <p>The arched front doorway stood below an Elizabethan bay window and led into a foyer with inner doors made of eighteenth-century Italian wrought iron. The first floor had a great hall, dining room, library, terrace, two bedroom suites, and service areas such as the kitchen, pantries, staff bedrooms, and staff dining room. The largest and most impressive room was the great hall, which featured a minstrel balcony and two of the castle’s eight fireplaces. Two circular stone stairways led upstairs to the second floor, which had four bedrooms and a small library.</p> <p>The castle was completed in 1926. Johnson named it Charlford after his son, Charles, and stepson, Gifford.</p> <p>In addition to the castle, Johnson also made a variety of other changes to the property. He turned the stone quarry pits near the castle into covered cisterns that held 36,000 gallons of water for the ranch. North of the castle, he added a picnic house and tennis courts. He built a wood-frame addition onto the Flower house and erected a barn nearby for his thoroughbred horses. Near US 85, he constructed a ranch complex with a house, two barns, and a silo for the property’s cattle and chicken operations. Finally, he hired his neighbor Elmer Blunt and his son, Ray, to build two roads to Charlford Castle, one from US 85 and the other following the old trail from Daniels Park Road to the Flower house.</p> <p>Johnson and his wife, Alice Gifford Phillips, lived at Charlford Castle until 1949, when they moved to California. For the next five years, the castle was occupied part-time by Charles Johnson Jr. and his family.</p> <h2>Cherokee Ranch</h2> <p>In 1954 a wealthy Eastern woman named Mildred Montague Genevieve Kimball bought Johnson’s land as well as the adjacent Blunt property to form a roughly 3,400-acre ranch. She called the property Cherokee Ranch, after the Cherokee Indians of her native Tennessee, and renamed Johnson’s Charlford Castle after the Cherokee as well.</p> <p>Known to everyone as “Tweet,” Kimball came to Colorado after divorcing her husband, who had been posted to London as a diplomat after <strong>World War II</strong>. She used her large ranch to raise Santa Gertrudis cattle, the first distinct breed of beef cattle produced in the United States. The breed had never been raised in colder climates until Kimball brought thirty-eight cows and one bull to Cherokee Ranch in 1954. She used the old Blunt Homestead to manage the cattle operation, moving most of the Blunt-era buildings close to the main house to make a central ranch headquarters.</p> <p>The cattle thrived, and in 1961 Kimball founded the Rocky Mountain Santa Gertrudis Association. Five years later, she succeeded in getting the<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/first-national-western-stock-show"> <strong>National Western Stock Show</strong></a> to hold its first Santa Gertrudis exhibition and sale. Kimball became the first female member of the National Western Stock Show Association, and in 1980–81 her bull Cherokee Little Governor was named Grand Champion.</p> <h2>Conservation and Education</h2> <p>As she neared the end of her life, Kimball wanted to ensure that Cherokee Ranch and Castle would be preserved. In 1994 she got the property listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1996 she worked with Douglas County and the Douglas County Open Lands Coalition to protect the ranch from development through a conservation easement. At the same time, Kimball created the nonprofit Cherokee Ranch and Castle Foundation to manage the castle and grounds as a center for conservation, education, and the arts.</p> <p>Kimball passed away in 1999. Today the Cherokee Ranch and Castle Foundation uses the property to host a wide variety of events, including hikes, summer camps, concerts, art workshops, teas, lunches, and brunches. The foundation also offers regular tours of the castle, which is filled with artwork and antique furniture that complement its distinctive architecture as well as a library full of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century books. The castle can be rented for conferences, weddings, and other private events.</p> <p>The ranch still maintains a Santa Gertrudis cattle operation, while its thousands of acres of protected open space are home to ample <a href="/article/mule-deer"><strong>mule deer</strong></a> and coyotes as well as occasional <a href="/article/rocky-mountain-elk"><strong>elk</strong></a>, brown bears, and <a href="/article/mountain-lion"><strong>mountain lions</strong></a>. The ranch forms part of a larger 12,000-acre open space—which also includes <strong>Highlands Ranch</strong> Backcountry Wilderness and Daniels Park—that is bounded by Castle Pines to the east, Highlands Ranch to the north, and US 85 to the west and south.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-ranches" hreflang="en">historic ranches</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/charles-alfred-johnson" hreflang="en">Charles Alfred Johnson</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/charlford-castle" hreflang="en">Charlford Castle</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/tweet-kimball" hreflang="en">Tweet Kimball</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/burnham-hoyt" hreflang="en">Burnham Hoyt</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/frederick-flower" hreflang="en">Frederick Flower</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/blunt-ranch" hreflang="en">Blunt Ranch</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/santa-gertrudis-cattle" hreflang="en">Santa Gertrudis cattle</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Susan Consola Appleby, <em>Fading Past: The Story of Douglas County, Colorado</em> (Palmer Lake, CO: Filter Press, 2001).</p> <p>Charles E. Nelson and Bruce G. Stewart, “Cherokee Mountain Rock Shelter,” <em>Plains Anthropologist</em> 18, no. 62 (November 1973).</p> <p>Barbara Norgren, “Cherokee Ranch,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (March 1994).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Meg Anderson and John Lake, <em>Castle Entertaining from Ranch Hands to Royalty: Real Recipes Used at Cherokee Castle, with Tips on Entertaining and Entertaining Stories</em> (Sedalia, CO: Cherokee Ranch and Castle Foundation, 2009).</p> <p><em>Cherokee Castle: A Pictorial Tour and History</em> (Sedalia, CO: Cherokee Ranch and Castle Foundation, n.d.).</p> <p>Josephine Lowell Marr, <em>Douglas County: A Historical Journey</em> (Gunnison, CO: B&amp;B Printers, 1983).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 06 Dec 2017 22:20:50 +0000 yongli 2828 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Anne Evans Mountain Home http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/anne-evans-mountain-home <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Anne Evans Mountain Home</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-06-28T14:41:29-06:00" title="Wednesday, June 28, 2017 - 14:41" class="datetime">Wed, 06/28/2017 - 14:41</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/anne-evans-mountain-home" data-a2a-title="Anne Evans Mountain Home"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fanne-evans-mountain-home&amp;title=Anne%20Evans%20Mountain%20Home"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The Anne Evans Mountain Home is a rustic cottage built by <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/anne-evans"><strong>Anne Evans</strong></a> at an elevation of about 8,200 feet on her family’s large ranch in the <strong>Upper Bear Creek</strong> watershed in eastern <a href="/article/clear-creek-county"><strong>Clear Creek County</strong></a>. Completed in 1911, the house was notable for its vertical log construction and artistic interiors, and it received national attention as a particularly distinguished example of a Colorado mountain cottage. The house remained in the Evans family until 1990, when it was bought by Denver art collectors <strong>Frederick and Jan Mayer</strong>, who restored it largely to its original appearance.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Evans-Elbert Ranch</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The <strong>Evans-Elbert Ranch</strong> had its origins in 1868, when <a href="/article/john-evans"><strong>John Evans</strong></a>, Colorado’s second territorial governor, took a camping trip in the Upper Bear Creek area with his son-in-law and future territorial governor <strong>Samuel Elbert</strong>. They enjoyed the area’s views and were impressed by its grass, timber, and game, so they soon bought more than 300 acres from local homesteader John Vance to use as a ranch and family retreat. They hired a ranch foreman, who lived in the old Vance house, and built a large rustic house—called the Cottage—for family visits from <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>. The family called the property Kuhlborne Ranch and gradually expanded it to several thousand acres.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>John Evans’s youngest child, Anne, was born in 1871, a few years after the family acquired the ranch. As a child, she and other members of the family spent long stretches of the summer at Kuhlborne Ranch, where they escaped Denver’s summer heat and explored the area’s forested mountains and valleys. After John Evans and Samuel Elbert died in the late 1890s, the ranch became the property of the Evans family, with Anne playing a central role in the ranch’s development.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Anne’s House</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In the late nineteenth century, the Evans family used the ranch and cottage for gatherings. By the early twentieth century, some members of the growing family started to build their own houses nearby. The proliferation of houses on the property accelerated after the cottage burned in 1909. That year, Louise Elbert hired Jock Spence of <strong>Evergreen</strong> to build her a house near the ranch headquarters. Soon Spence was also building cottages at the ranch for Regina Lunt and Anne Evans.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>For the location of her house, Anne Evans chose a hill just south of the ranch headquarters with sweeping views west to <strong>Mt. Evans</strong>, which had been named for her father in 1895. Evans probably designed the 3,200-square-foot house in collaboration with Spence. Completed in 1911, it was laid out in a T-shape on the hillside. A foundation made of local stones supported walls of vertical logs, making it appear as if the rustic house rose naturally out of the ground. The upper floor, which formed the stem of the T, contained an entry hall, four bedrooms, two sleeping porches, and two bathrooms. An eight-foot-wide staircase made of peeled logs led down to the lower floor, which had a living room and large fireplace in the top of the T and a kitchen and servants’ quarters stretching back under the stem of the T.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The decorations inside Evans’s cottage reflected her role as one of the most important patrons of the arts in the Denver area. An early advocate of Native American art, she furnished the house with Indian basketry, pottery, and rugs. One of her artist friends, Josephine Hurlburt, designed an Art Deco eagle motif for the windows, fire screen, and gable ends, while an <strong>Allen True</strong> painting was laid into the stonework of the living room fireplace. Evans was also a devoted theater lover—she was a <strong>Denver Civic Theater</strong> trustee and cofounder of the <a href="/article/central-city-opera-house"><strong>Central City Opera House</strong></a> Association—so entertainments at her mountain house often took the form of plays staged in the lower-floor living room or on the staircase.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1924 Evans commissioned Denver architect <strong>Burnham Hoyt</strong> to perform alterations to the house, mostly above the eaves. Hoyt rebuilt the roof, adding heavy timbers and local stone tiles. Both before and after the Hoyt alterations, the house had a reputation as one of the finest examples of a rustic Colorado mountain cottage.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>After Anne</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>When Anne Evans died in 1941, she left the house and ten acres of land to her nephew, John Evans, Sr. Over the next few decades, most of the house’s distinctive Native American art objects were given to the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-art-museum"><strong>Denver Art Museum</strong></a>, which Anne helped establish in 1921. The house also was modernized with electricity and telephone service. It eventually passed to John Evans, Jr., who repaired and updated the house. He fixed the leaky old roof, enclosed a porch to expand the living room, and remodeled two former servants’ rooms into a den, bar, and storage room.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Meanwhile, the Evans Ranch property, which had encompassed nearly 5,000 acres in the 1930s, started to be whittled down. In the 1950s, the Evans family sold all its land south of Upper Bear Creek Road to the state of Colorado, which combined it with another large parcel to form the Mt. Evans State Wildlife Area<strong>.</strong> By the early 1980s, Evans Ranch still had more than 3,000 acres, but ownership was shared among more than thirty Evans family descendants. One heir wanted the ranch to be sold, sparking a court case and fears that the open land could be developed.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>To prevent the development of Evans Ranch, in 1984 the nonprofit <strong>Colorado Open Lands </strong>bought the 3,245-acre property for $4.05 million. Colorado Open Lands had been established in 1981 to seek private solutions to the preservation of open space. The Evans Ranch property became an immediate priority, and Colorado Open Lands used a $4.5 million loan from the <strong>Gates Foundation</strong> to buy the land and develop plans for its preservation. The property was split into five ranches of about 550 acres each. Most of each ranch subdivision was preserved as open space, but construction was allowed on <a href="/article/homestead"><strong>homestead</strong></a> sites chosen for their scenic views. The five ranch owners formed an association to operate the 129-acre ranch headquarters, while Colorado Open Lands retained about 267 acres to develop an environmental education program. By 1986 Colorado Open Lands had sold enough of the ranch subdivisions to repay its loan to the Gates Foundation.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Mayer Restoration</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>One of the Evans Ranch subdivisions was sold to Denver philanthropists Frederick and Jan Mayer, who planned to build a summer retreat on the land. Soon after they bought the Evans Ranch property, they learned that John Evans, Jr., was putting the Anne Evans Mountain Home and forty acres of surrounding land up for sale. The Mayers, art collectors with a strong tie to Anne Evans through their involvement with the Denver Art Museum, bought the house and land in 1990 with the idea of restoring and preserving the property. They quickly placed the land in a conservation easement and got the house listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>On the Evans Ranch property, the Mayers built a house for their children and grandchildren. At the Anne Evans site, they commissioned Long Hoeft Architects to restore the house to its 1910s character while retaining modern conveniences such as electricity and telephone service. The main alterations undertaken during the restoration were that the roof was replaced with new slate tiles, the kitchen was remodeled, and the layout of the upper floor was slightly reconfigured. In addition, the attic was switched from a storage area to a space where guests could stay on sleeping bags and futons. The project received an Interior Rehabilitation award from the <em>Magazine of Historic Preservation</em>.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/anne-evans" hreflang="en">Anne Evans</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/bear-creek" hreflang="en">Bear Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/evans-ranch" hreflang="en">Evans Ranch</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/evans-elbert-ranch" hreflang="en">Evans-Elbert Ranch</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/john-evans" hreflang="en">John Evans</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/samuel-elbert" hreflang="en">Samuel Elbert</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/burnham-hoyt" hreflang="en">Burnham Hoyt</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/jock-spence" hreflang="en">Jock Spence</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/frederick-mayer" hreflang="en">Frederick Mayer</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/jan-mayer" hreflang="en">Jan Mayer</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/allen-true" hreflang="en">Allen True</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/josephine-hurlburt" hreflang="en">Josephine Hurlburt</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-houses" hreflang="en">historic houses</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Christine Bradley and Gary Long, “Anne Evans Mountain Home,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (May 30, 1991).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Melanie Shellenbarger, <em>High Country Summers: The Early Second Homes of Colorado, 1880–1940</em> (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2012).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Barbara Edwards Sternberg with Jennifer Boone and Evelyn Waldron, <em>Anne Evans—A Pioneer in Colorado’s Cultural History: The Things That Last When Gold Is Gone</em> (Buffalo Park Press, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Gene and Barbara Sternberg, <em>Evergreen: Our Mountain Community</em>, 2nd ed. (Boulder, CO: Johnson, 1993).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><em>History of Clear Creek County: Tailings, Tracks, and Tommyknockers</em>, 2nd ed. (Idaho Springs, CO: Historical Society of Idaho Springs, 2004).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 28 Jun 2017 20:41:29 +0000 yongli 2683 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org