%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Cripple Creek Fires of 1896 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cripple-creek-fires-1896 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cripple Creek Fires of 1896 </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-02-16T13:37:11-07:00" title="Tuesday, February 16, 2021 - 13:37" class="datetime">Tue, 02/16/2021 - 13:37</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cripple-creek-fires-1896" data-a2a-title="Cripple Creek Fires of 1896 "><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcripple-creek-fires-1896&amp;title=Cripple%20Creek%20Fires%20of%201896%20"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>In April 1896, the mining town of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cripple-creek"><strong>Cripple Creek</strong></a> was devastated by two fires within four days. Frigid winter winds and scant water supply caused both fires to spread rapidly and created difficulty for volunteer firefighters who attempted to extinguish them. The fires leveled the central business district, causing an estimated $3 million in damages, and left roughly 5,000 residents to seek refuge on the hills above town, with only tents and blankets for shelter. While donations of food and supplies from <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> and <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-springs"><strong>Colorado Springs</strong></a> helped displaced residents, it took the town almost a year to rebuild. Cripple Creek residents built back with sturdier brick buildings, many of which stand today, and implemented new practices for firefighting, which ensured that the 1896 blazes were the town’s last major fires.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>A Prosperous Gold Camp</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1890s, Cripple Creek became the site of the last and most prosperous <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/precious-metal-mining-colorado"><strong>gold mining</strong></a> boom in Colorado. Located on the west side of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/pikes-peak"><strong>Pikes Peak</strong></a>, Cripple Creek grew significantly in 1893 as a direct result of the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, with former silver miners and investors seeking new opportunities in gold. By 1894 the Cripple Creek district had more than 150 mines, and annual production exceeded $3 million. The town’s growth continued with the arrival of two railroads in 1894–95. By 1896 the town’s population hit 10,000 people.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Despite its prosperity, Cripple Creek retained the look of a hastily built mining camp. Many buildings were poorly constructed using wooden boards and shingles. Given the dry climate and surrounding forests, fire posed a constant threat.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>The First Blaze</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Around 1 pm on April 25, 1896, fire broke out on the second floor of the Central Dance Hall on Myers Avenue in the middle of Cripple Creek’s central business district. The fire probably started when a gas stove was overturned, but it was unclear whether that resulted from a fight between a bartender and a prostitute or from a drunk woman kicking it over.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Volunteer firefighters rushed to the scene and managed to control the blaze for short time, but they were hampered by poor water pressure, bursting hoses, and small water mains. Within an hour, the water ran out, allowing the fire to consume several gambling dens and parlor houses on Myers Avenue. Firefighters resorted to demolishing other buildings with explosives in order to block the fire’s path, though several explosions were set off inadvertently because of dynamite and black powder stashes in buildings all over town.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The fire was finally extinguished around 5 pm, four hours after it started. More than 300 buildings lay in ruin—about one-third of the central business district—resulting in about $700,000 in property damage. Two people were confirmed dead.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Disaster Strikes Again</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Rebuilding started the next day and was well under way when disaster struck again on April 29, only ninety-six hours after the first fire had been extinguished. Again, the blaze started around 1 pm, when Frank Angel, head chef at the Portland Hotel, jostled a pan in the hotel kitchen. The pan splashed hot grease onto the stove, causing a flare-up that ignited the grease-soaked wallboards behind the stove. The flames spread rapidly through the kitchen and traveled up the stovepipe. The town did not have a traditional fire bell, so six shots were fired to raise the alarm, rousing several volunteer companies to the scene.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Strong winds caused the fire to jump from the Portland Hotel to the surrounding buildings. Within fifteen minutes, the blaze had traveled to the Booth Furniture Store on Myers Avenue, then continued to the El Paso Lumber Yard and the Harder Grocery Store. At the grocery store, the fire ignited 700 pounds of dynamite, worsening the blaze. Firefighting efforts were hindered by a lack of water; though hydrants were located throughout town, they relied on water from a creek-fed reservoir that was still dry from fighting the first fire.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>With the flames out of control, residents loaded wagons to flee to the outskirts of town. Some people charged up to $100 per load for desperate residents to use their wagons, but many were willing to pay the exorbitant fees to escape with their possessions. Refugees set up tents in the hills above town and watched as the flames were eventually extinguished hours after the fire had started. That night, looters returned to the smoldering ruins to steal whiskey and other valuables.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Damages</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The damage from the two fires was immense, estimated at a total of $3 million, with forty blocks of businesses destroyed. More than 1,000 houses were leveled, leaving some 5,000 residents homeless. At least six people were presumed to have died, but the exact number was unknown because some bodies were believed to have disintegrated in the blazes and explosions. Many other people suffered severe injuries.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>News of the disastrous blazes soon spread to the surrounding towns and cities. On the night of April 30, 1896, trains loaded with food and provisions, as well as building supplies, arrived to aid Cripple Creek residents. Rebuilding began immediately, though it took a year for construction to be completed.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Legacy</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Despite the disaster, few people left Cripple Creek. Some residents claimed that the fires were a blessing in disguise, allowing the town to be rebuilt with sturdy brick buildings while destroying many of the saloons and brothels that were believed to foster crime. In addition, the streets were paved and the water-supply problem was solved. Residents’ enthusiasm for rebuilding was probably rooted in all the gold that remained in the nearby hills; Cripple Creek mines ultimately yielded more than $400 million worth of gold, producing a new generation of Colorado mining millionaires.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Cripple Creek’s new brick buildings and improved firefighting technology, such as new hydrants, allowed future fires to be more effectively contained and extinguished. Notable fires broke out in Cripple Creek businesses in 1898, 1919, and 1936, but none of them spread to the town as a whole.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Today mining continues at the <strong>Cripple Creek &amp; Victor Gold Mine</strong>. Cripple Creek’s main draw, however, is its <strong>gambling</strong> industry, which started in the early 1990s as a way to save the town and generate revenue for <strong>historic preservation</strong>. The town’s historic appearance is still defined by the brick buildings put up in the aftermath of the 1896 fires. Now home to casinos, they stand as evidence of the resilience not only of the buildings themselves but also of the residents who built them after their lives were turned upside down by the disastrous blazes that nearly destroyed Cripple Creek.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/kennedy-anna" hreflang="und">Kennedy, Anna</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/cripple-creek" hreflang="en">Cripple Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/cripple-creek-district" hreflang="en">cripple creek district</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/cripple-creek-gold-rush" hreflang="en">cripple creek gold rush</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-fires" hreflang="en">colorado fires</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>“A City That Wouldn’t Die,” <em>Golden Transcript</em>, December 15, 1975.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“Another Attempt to Fire the Camp,” <em>The Denver Post, </em>April 30, 1896.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Katie Rudolph, “<a href="https://history.denverlibrary.org/news/april-29-1896-fire-nearly-levels-cripple-creek">April 29, 1896: A Fire Nearly Levels Cripple Creek</a>,” Denver Public Library, April 25, 2016.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“The Two Great Fires: How Cripple Creek Was Completely Devastated and How the City Has Grown to Its Present Magnificent Proportions,” <em>Morning Times, </em>January 1, 1898.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Dick Kreck, <em>Denver in Flames: Forging a New Mile High City </em>(Golden: Fulcrum Publishing, 2000).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Tue, 16 Feb 2021 20:37:11 +0000 yongli 3540 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Victor http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/victor <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Victor</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2456--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2456.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/victor-avenue-1900"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Victor-Media-2_0.jpg?itok=nECWkOHD" width="1000" height="700" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/victor-avenue-1900" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Victor Avenue, 1900</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Teller County&nbsp;town of Victor was home to dozens of mining ventures during the Cripple Creek Gold Rush of&nbsp;the 1890s. This photo shows Victor Avenue at Third Street, as it appeared a year after the great Victor fire, which destroyed much of the city.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2457--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2457.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/pikes-peak-range-riders"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Victor-Media-4_0.jpg?itok=aO0C7VcS" width="1000" height="562" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/pikes-peak-range-riders" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Pikes Peak Range Riders </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Pikes Peak Range Riders, a rodeo promotion group, make an annual trek down Victor Avenue each summer.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button 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'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-04-03T15:42:10-06:00" title="Monday, April 3, 2017 - 15:42" class="datetime">Mon, 04/03/2017 - 15:42</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/victor" data-a2a-title="Victor"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fvictor&amp;title=Victor"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Victor, the “City of Mines,” is located in <a href="/article/teller-county"><strong>Teller County</strong></a> on the western side of <a href="/article/pikes-peak"><strong>Pikes Peak</strong></a>. Incorporated in 1894, Victor was part of the <a href="/article/cripple-creek"><strong>Cripple Creek District</strong></a>, site of Colorado’s last significant <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/precious-metal-mining-colorado"><strong>gold mining</strong></a> boom. The city is situated next to <strong>Pike National Forest</strong> and overlooks the <strong>Wet Mountains</strong> to the south, while the <strong>Mosquito Range</strong> is visible to the west. At an altitude of 9,708 feet, Victor enjoys mild summers and can experience harsh winters. Victor had a peak population of around 12,000 at the turn of the century; since 2010 it has had around 400 residents.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>History</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Cripple Creek gold rush began in 1890 and spawned numerous towns and cities, most springing up within a twenty-four-square-mile radius. The city of Victor was by far the largest of these, at one point becoming the fourth-largest city in Colorado. Situated at the foot of <strong>Battle Mountain</strong>, it was named for the huge Victor Mine that dominated the city’s economy and for an early homesteader, Victor C. Adams. Founders Warren, Frank, and Harry Woods platted the town over rolling hills and small canyons, with tents, cabins, and homes being built along the hillsides as the gold rush progressed.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Victor functioned as a workingman’s town populated mostly by gold miners. A number of these men were former silver miners who switched to mining gold after the repeal of the <strong>Sherman Silver Purchase Act </strong>in 1893. Newcomers to the growing town often found a shortage of housing. Miners found themselves spending most of their meager wages to sleep on a pool table or even on the floor in Victor’s saloons.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Mines literally surrounded the town and employed hundreds of men. Some gold strikes even occurred within the city limits, hence Victor’s nickname, “City of Mines.” Early miners found the working conditions in the mines intolerable, and shortly after the town’s founding, its mine workers were entrenched in the region’s first labor war. Miners went on strike in 1894, demanding an eight-hour workday and pay of at least $3.00 per day. Strikers became violent, blowing up the <strong>Strong Mine</strong> at the northern edge of town on May 25, 1894. The strike was resolved later that year when the state militia was called out in support of the workers. It was the only time in history when a state guard unit was deployed to assist—rather than break up—a strike.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>With the arrival of the <strong>Florence &amp; Cripple Creek Railroad</strong> in 1894 and the <strong>Midland Terminal Railway</strong> in 1895, Victor became a prime ore shipping center. The Woods brothers built two trolley systems that traversed the district to Cripple Creek. By 1896 Victor had grown to a population of 8,000 and was made up of hundreds of homes, cabins, and shacks, with a small collection of hotels and rooming houses providing additional lodging for workers. A booming business district sprung up and supplied the town with luxury goods, in addition to necessities such as groceries and hardware. A rollicking red light district flourished along South Third Street, where numerous saloons, bawdy houses, and gambling establishments provided miners with a place to socialize and blow off steam.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Rising from the Ashes</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In August of 1899, a local prostitute was washing a gown in kerosene in the red light district. The woman carelessly dropped a cigarette in the wash pan, starting a conflagration that quickly burned out of control. The fire raced northward up a hill toward the business district, igniting every wooden building in its path. The fire burned itself out later that evening. In just a few hours, twelve blocks of the business district and approximately 200 other buildings were burned.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>But Victor rebuilt quickly. The post office and several businesses reopened the next day. Within five days, a number of brick buildings were already under construction. Within a month, the Pike’s Peak Power Company was again supplying electricity to the town. By April 1900, the <em>Denver Republican</em> reported, “Victor has risen to her glory from the piled char heaps of late August like a blossoming rose bush.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Woods brothers hired architect Matthew Lockwood McBird to design new brick buildings throughout the downtown area. New construction included a rebuilt Gold Coin Club; its new interior included a ballroom, bowling alleys, a dining room, game room, gymnasium, and a library containing 700 books. Employees of the Gold Coin Mine, discovered in 1893 and located across the street from the Gold Coin Club, enjoyed first-class membership and accommodations in the renovated club.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the end of 1900, the population of Victor had swelled to 12,000. Newcomers to town included travel writer and radio personality <strong>Lowell Thomas</strong>, who was eight years old when his family moved to Victor. At the age of eighteen, Thomas became editor of the <em>Victor Daily Record</em> newspaper. An even more famous visitor was vice presidential nominee Theodore Roosevelt, who was actually mobbed by angry miners for trying to sell the idea of silver coinage over gold. Upon being elected, Roosevelt visited Victor again and personally shook the hand of each resident.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1901 a third railroad, the <strong>Colorado Springs &amp; Cripple Creek District Railway</strong>—commonly known as the “Short Line”—laid tracks to Victor. It was Theodore Roosevelt who, upon riding the scenic line, uttered his famous phrase, “This is the ride that bankrupts the English language!” By then there were several good producing mines on the outskirts of Victor, including the Portland, the Cresson, the <strong>Independence</strong>, the Strong, and several others. One-time Victor mayor James Doyle owned the Portland.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Labor War of 1903–4</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Miners went on strike a second time in 1903 after mine owners refused to honor the eight-hour workday established in 1894. This time, the <strong><a href="/article/western-federation-miners">Western Federation of Miners</a> </strong>(WFM) became involved and managed to shut down a number of mines. At the urging of WFM secretary <strong>William “Big Bill” Haywood</strong>,” between 3,500 and 4,000 miners walked off the job. To keep the ore coming out of the ground, mine owners hired scabs, nonunionized laborers. Skirmishes between strikers and strikebreakers resulted in the deaths of fifteen miners at the Independence Mine after a cable was “fixed” to fail, causing the elevator to fall and crushing those stuck inside. In another incident, strikers detonated explosives inside the Vindicator Mine, killing more nonunionized workers. Ultimately, Governor <strong>James H. Peabody</strong> declared martial law and sent the state militia to break up the strike. Striking miners were arrested and detained in bull pens or ordered to leave the district. In September 1903, the entire staff of the <em>Victor Daily Record</em> was arrested after printing an anti–mine owners editorial.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the spring of 1904, the state troops had been withdrawn, leading to more violence between striking miners and their nonunionized counterparts. On June 6, 1904, an explosion destroyed the train depot at the nearby town of Independence, killing thirteen nonunion miners and badly injuring many others. Historians still debate about who was responsible for the bombing, but whoever was behind it, the ghastly deed ruined the reputation of the WFM and only furthered unrest within the district. At the Miners Union Hall on Victor’s Fourth Street, Sheriff Ed Bell ordered all WFM members outside. When they refused, armed men opened fire on the building. Strikes and violence continued to plague Victor’s nearby mines until the strike was settled in 1907.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Waning Years</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Though the strikes hurt the town’s economy and reputation, it was the increasing cost of withdrawing ore from the earth that marked the end for Victor. By 1920, its population had fallen to around 5,600 people. The Victor Opera House burned down that same year and was never rebuilt. In 1949 the <strong>Midland Terminal Railway</strong>, the last railroad in the district, ceased operations. The last company-owned mine in the Cripple Creek District closed in 1961.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>But even as the surrounding towns were slowly abandoned, Victor maintained a steady, if small, population throughout the twentieth century. Area ranches, local businesses, and a few privately owned mines continued feeding the city’s economy. As tourism took hold in the district in the late 1950s, Victor became a popular destination for those wanting to see an authentic Wild West town. Catering to these tourists, the <strong>Victor Lowell Thomas Museum</strong> opened in 1964, and its downtown area began seeing more new shops, restaurants, and other businesses. Victor was designated a national historic district in 1985.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="/image/gold-rush-days"><img alt="Gold Rush Days " class="image-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Victor-Media-5_0.jpg?itok=N0d1B1pQ" style="float:left; height:270px; margin:15px; width:480px" /></a> Twenty-first-century Victor is made up of full- and part-time residents who take much pride in their town. The legalization of <strong>limited stakes gaming</strong> in the town of Cripple Creek has helped keep the population afloat, and the <strong>Cripple Creek &amp; Victor Mine</strong> still operates above town. Annual events include <strong>Gold Rush Days</strong> each July and <strong>Victor Celebrates the Arts</strong> each September, as well as cemetery tours, pack burro races, gem shows, mine tours, and more during the summer months.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Victor’s transformation from a rough-and-tumble town to tourist outpost mirrors the story of booms and busts familiar to many former mining towns. The shift from mineral extraction to tourism as the main driver of Victor’s economy is a part of bigger changes that have seen Colorado become a major tourism destination in the American West. What once were bawdy houses and taverns have become restaurants and trinket shops. But the changes sweeping through Victor and towns like it demonstrate the adaptable character of residents and the ebb and flow of fortune in the mineral-rich American West.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/collins-jan-mackell" hreflang="und">Collins, Jan MacKell </a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/victor" hreflang="en">victor</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/cripple-creek-district" hreflang="en">cripple creek district</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/victor-gold-mines" hreflang="en">victor gold mines</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/cripple-creek-gold-rush" hreflang="en">cripple creek gold rush</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/victor-colorado-history" hreflang="en">victor colorado history</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p><em>Colorado’s Gold Country Vacation Guide</em>, 2016.</p>&#13; &#13; <p><em>Cripple Creek Morning Times</em>, August 28, 1899.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Leland Feitz, <em>Cripple Creek Railroads: The Rail Systems of the Gold Camp</em> (Colorado Springs: Little London, 1991).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Leland Feitz, <em>A Quick History of Victor: Colorado’s City of Mines</em> (Colorado Springs: Little London, 1969).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Kenneth Geddes, “Victor Founded by Woods Brothers,” in <em>Victor Centennial Commemorative Book 1893–1993</em>, ed. John Sharpe and Cyrenne Phinney (Victor, CO: Poco Libro, 1993).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Reed Grainger, “There’s Cows in Them Thar’ Hills,” in <em>Victor Centennial Commemorative Book 1893–1993</em>, ed. John Sharpe and Cyrenne Phinney (Victor, CO: Poco Libro, 1993).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Elizabeth Jameson, <em>All That Glitters: Class, Conflict, and Community in Cripple Creek </em>(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>James O.B. Keener, “Victor City of Mines,” in <em>Victor Centennial Commemorative Book 1893–1993</em>, ed. John Sharpe and Cyrenne Phinney (Victor, CO: Poco Libro, 1993).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Jan MacKell, <em>Cripple Creek District: Last of Colorado’s Gold Booms</em> (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2003).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Selig Perlman and Philip Taft, <em>History of Labor in the United States, 1896–1932</em> (New York: MacMillan, 1935).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>John Sharpe and Cyrenne Phinney, eds., <em>Victor Centennial Commemorative Book 1893–1993</em> (Victor, CO: Poco Libro, 1993).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Marshall Sprague, <em>Money Mountain: The Story of Cripple Creek Gold</em> (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Victor, Colorado, map for 1896 (New York: Sanborn-Perris Map, 1896).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ruth Zirkle, “So Long Until Tomorrow,” in <em>Victor Centennial Commemorative Book 1893–1993</em>, ed. John Sharpe and Cyrenne Phinney (Victor, CO: Poco Libro, 1993).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://www.cityofvictor.com/">City of Victor</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>Jan MacKell Collins, <em>Lost Ghost Towns of Teller County </em>(Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2016).</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="http://victorcolorado.com/museum.htm">Victor Museum</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://www.victorheritagesociety.com/">Victor Heritage Society</a></p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 03 Apr 2017 21:42:10 +0000 yongli 2455 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org