%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Cozens Ranch http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cozens-ranch <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cozens Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-05-17T16:34:59-06:00" title="Wednesday, May 17, 2017 - 16:34" class="datetime">Wed, 05/17/2017 - 16:34</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cozens-ranch" data-a2a-title="Cozens Ranch"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcozens-ranch&amp;title=Cozens%20Ranch"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Built in 1874 by pioneer homesteader <strong>William Zane Cozens</strong>, Cozens Ranch was an important early ranch and stage stop in the Fraser River valley in north-central Colorado. The ranch also served for nearly thirty years as the area’s main post office. The Cozens family later donated the ranch to the Jesuits of the College of the Sacred Heart (later Regis College), who used it for much of the twentieth century as a summer retreat. Now the ranch is open to the public as a museum. Along with <a href="/article/four-mile-house"><strong>Four Mile House</strong></a> in <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> and <a href="/article/hildebrand-ranch"><strong>Hildebrand Ranch</strong></a> in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/jefferson-county"><strong>Jefferson County</strong></a>, it is one of the few planked log buildings remaining in Colorado.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Ranch and Stage Stop</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Born in Canada and raised in New York, William Zane Cozens came to Colorado in the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>Colorado Gold Rush</strong></a> and made his way to <a href="/article/central-city%E2%80%93black-hawk-historic-district"><strong>Central City</strong></a>. He soon became sheriff of <a href="/article/gilpin-county"><strong>Gilpin County</strong></a>, married a devout Catholic Irishwoman named Mary York, and started a family.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the early 1870s, the Cozenses decided to move their family from Central City to the <strong>Fraser valley</strong>. In 1872 Cozens paid a little more than $500 to buy George Grimshaw’s squatter’s rights to land on the west bank of the Fraser River north of <strong>Berthoud Pass</strong>. Two years later, he built a 1.5-story ranch house on his land near the recently completed wagon road over Berthoud Pass and through the valley (now US 40). The ranch house served as the first stage stop beyond Berthoud Pass, with Mary York Cozens and her two daughters providing hearty meals to travelers, and in 1876 it became home to the Fraser post office, with Cozens as postmaster. After additions for the post office and stage stop, the building measured more than 3,000 square feet.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Cozens Ranch prospered and grew. It housed the only post office between Empire and <strong>Hot Sulphur Springs</strong> and the main stage stop in the Fraser valley. By 1885 the ranch consisted of 320 acres of improved land and buildings worth $6,000, as well as $800 in livestock and $300 in farming equipment.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Changes</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Cozens Ranch experienced several major changes in the early twentieth century. In 1901 a group of Denver Jesuits from <strong>Regis College</strong> camped at the ranch and struck up a friendship with Cozens and his wife. The Cozens family invited them back in subsequent summers. In 1905 the Cozens family sold the Jesuits eighty acres of land for use as a summer retreat. The Jesuits built a three-part building there and called the retreat Maryvale after Mary, the mother of Jesus.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1904 William Cozens died, and in 1905 the <a href="/article/denver-northwestern-pacific-railway-hill-route-moffat-road"><strong>Denver, Northwestern &amp; Pacific Railway</strong></a> was completed over Rollins Pass to the Fraser valley. As a result, stage traffic over Berthoud Pass decreased, and the post office was relocated to the new railroad town of Fraser, just north of the ranch. Around the time of Mary York Cozens’s death in 1909, the family sold a few parcels of land. The three Cozens children (Will, Mary Elizabeth, and Sarah) continued to live at the ranch.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After Sarah’s death in 1923, Mary Elizabeth offered the ranch to Regis College, saying it had long been the family’s wish to give their land to the Jesuits. In November 1924, Mary Elizabeth and her brother, Will, signed the property over to the Jesuits of Regis College and High School. When Mary Elizabeth died in 1928, Will moved to Regis College as a guest of the Jesuits. He continued to spend summers with them at Cozens Ranch until his death in 1938.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Museum</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Regis Jesuits kept Cozens Ranch basically the same as they found it, with the exception that they converted the ranch house for use as a chapel for almost thirty years. In the 1980s, Regis deeded the site to the town of Fraser, which in turn gave it to the <a href="/article/lake-city-0"><strong>Grand County</strong></a> Historical Association in 1987. The original Jesuit retreat building collapsed during this period and was removed in 1989.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1988 the historical association succeeded in having the ranch listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The historical association also opened a museum, called the Cozens Ranch Museum, which has exhibits on Grand County history and a gallery featuring work by local artists and artisans.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/william-zane-cozens" hreflang="en">William Zane Cozens</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fraser-river" hreflang="en">Fraser River</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/planked-log-buildings" hreflang="en">planked log buildings</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fraser-valley" hreflang="en">Fraser Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/regis-university" hreflang="en">Regis University</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mary-york-cozens" hreflang="en">Mary York Cozens</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/grand-county-historical-association" hreflang="en">Grand County Historical Association</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Regina M. Black, “Cozens Ranch House,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (n.d. [1988]).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Alice Reich and Thomas J. Steele, eds., <em>Fraser Haps and Mishaps: The Diary of Mary E. Cozens</em> (Denver: Regis College Press, 1990).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Lela McQueary, <em>Widening Trails: Narratives of Pioneer Days in Middle Park on the Western Slope of Colorado’s Rocky Mountains</em> (Denver: World Press, 1962).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert C. Black III, <em>Island in the Rockies: The History of Grand County, Colorado, to 1930</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1969).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Grand County Heritage Coalition, “<a href="https://grandcountyhistory.org/museums/cozens-ranch-museum/">Cozens Ranch Museum</a>,” Grand County History.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>In 1874<strong> William Zane Cozens</strong> built an unusual cabin on his ranch. It was in north central Colorado. It was unusual because it was built with planks. These are long, thin pieces of lumber. Most cabins were built with whole logs. It is one of the few planked log buildings still in the state.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stage coaches stopped at Cozens Ranch. It became a post office in the Fraser River valley. In 1905 the Cozens donated the ranch to the Jesuits of the Sacred Heart. These priests started the school that became Regis University. They used the ranch as a summer retreat. Now the ranch is a museum.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Ranch and Stage Stop</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Born in Canada, William Zane Cozens was raised in New York. He came to Colorado in the <strong>1858–59 gold rush</strong>. He settled in <strong>Central City</strong>. He became sheriff of <strong>Gilpin County</strong>. He married Mary York. She was Irish and a devout Catholic. They had three children: Will, Mary Elizabeth, and Sarah.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the early 1870s the Cozens moved to the Fraser River valley. Their land was on the west bank of the river, north of <strong>Berthoud Pass</strong>. William built a one-and-a-half-story house. A new wagon road passed close by. That road is now US 40. Cozens’ ranch became a stop for stage coaches. William expanded the house for travelers. Mary and her daughters cooked meals.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1876 the ranch became Fraser’s post office. It was the only one between Empire and Hot Sulphur Springs. Cozens was postmaster. He expanded his house to more than 3,000 square feet. By 1885 the ranch had 320 acres of improved land. The land and buildings were worth $6,000. There was also $800 in livestock and $300 in farm equipment.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1901 some Jesuits camped at the ranch. Jesuits are a branch of Catholic priests. These Jesuits were from Sacred Heart College near Denver. The college became <strong>Regis College</strong>, then Regis University. The priests were friends with William and Mary. The Cozens family invited them back. In 1905 the family sold the Jesuits eighty acres. They used it for a summer retreat. The retreat was called Maryvale. It was named for Mary, the mother of Jesus.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1904 William Cozens died. The next year, the <strong>Denver, Northwestern &amp; Pacific Railroad</strong> was finished. Stage coach traffic over Berthoud Pass slowed. The post office moved. Mary York Cozens died in 1909. The family sold some land. All three children still lived at the ranch.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Sarah died in 1923. Mary Elizabeth offered the ranch to Regis College. She knew her family wanted to give its land to the Jesuits. In November 1924, Mary Elizabeth and her brother Will signed over the property. After Mary Elizabeth died in 1928, Will moved to Regis College. He spent summers with the Jesuits at the ranch where he had lived. Will died in 1938.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Museum</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Regis Jesuits kept Cozens Ranch for fifty-six years. They converted the house into a chapel. Most of the ranch stayed unchanged. In the 1980s, they gave the site to the town of Fraser. In 1987 the town gave it to the Grand County Historical Association.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1988 the ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The historical association opened a museum. The Cozens Ranch Museum has exhibits on <strong>Grand County</strong> history. A gallery shows work by local artists.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>Cozens Ranch was built in 1874 by pioneer homesteader <strong>William Zane Cozens</strong>. It was important both as a ranch and as a stage stop in the Fraser River valley in north central Colorado. The ranch served for nearly thirty years as the area’s main post office. Later the Cozens family donated the ranch to the Jesuits of Sacred Heart. For much of the twentieth century they used it as a summer retreat. Now the ranch is open to the public as a museum. It includes one of the few planked log buildings remaining in Colorado.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Ranch and Stage Stop</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Born in Canada and raised in New York, William Zane Cozens came to Colorado in the <strong>Colorado Gold Rush </strong>of 1858–59. He made his way to <strong>Central City</strong> and soon became sheriff of <strong>Gilpin County</strong>. He married Mary York, a devout Catholic Irishwoman, and started a family.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the early 1870s, William and Mary moved their family to the <strong>Fraser River valley</strong>. In 1872 William paid a little more than $500 to buy land on the west bank of the Fraser River, north of <strong>Berthoud Pass</strong>. Two years later he built a one-and-a-half-story ranch house. The recently completed wagon road (now US 40) that went over Berthoud Pass passed near the house. The ranch house served as the first stage stop beyond the pass. Mary and her two daughters provided hearty meals to travelers. In 1876 the ranch also became the Fraser post office. Cozens served as postmaster. After additions for the post office and stage stop, the building had more than 3,000 square feet.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Cozens Ranch prospered and grew. It was the Fraser valley’s main stage coach stop. It housed the only post office between Empire and Hot Sulphur Springs. By 1885 the ranch consisted of 320 acres of improved land and buildings, together worth $6,000. In addition, there was $800 in livestock and $300 in farming equipment.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Cozens Ranch experienced several major changes in the early twentieth century. In 1901 a group of Denver Jesuits from <strong>Regis College</strong> camped at the ranch and struck up a friendship with Cozens and his Catholic wife. The Cozens family invited them back in subsequent summers. In 1905 the Cozens family sold the Jesuits eighty acres of land for use as a summer retreat. The Jesuits built a three-part building there and called the retreat Maryvale, named after Mary, the mother of Jesus.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1904 William Cozens died. The next year, the <strong>Denver, Northwestern &amp; Pacific Railroad</strong> was completed over Rollins Pass into the Fraser valley. As a result, stage traffic over Berthoud Pass decreased. The post office was moved north of the ranch to the new railroad town of Fraser. Around the time of Mary York Cozens’s death in 1909, the family sold a few parcels of land. The three Cozens children, Will, Mary Elizabeth, and Sarah, continued to live at the ranch.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After Sarah’s death in 1923, Mary Elizabeth offered the ranch to Regis College. She noted that it had long been the family’s wish to give their land to the Jesuits. In November 1924 Mary Elizabeth and her brother Will signed the property over to the Jesuits of Regis College and High School. When Mary Elizabeth died in 1928, Will Cozens moved to Regis College. He continued to spend summers with the Jesuits at Cozens Ranch until his death in 1938.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Museum</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Regis Jesuits kept Cozens Ranch much the same as they found it. The main exception was that they converted the ranch house for use as a chapel for almost thirty years. In the 1980s, Regis deeded the site to the town of Fraser. The city then gave it to the Grand County Historical Association in 1987. The original Jesuit retreat building collapsed during this period and was removed in 1989.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1988 the ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The historical association also opened a museum. The Cozens Ranch Museum has exhibits on <strong>Grand County</strong> history and a gallery featuring work by local artists and artisans.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>Cozens Ranch was built in 1874 by pioneer homesteader <strong>William Zane Cozens</strong>. It was an important early ranch and stage stop in the Fraser River valley in north central Colorado. The ranch served for nearly thirty years as the area’s main post office. Later the Cozens family donated the ranch to the Jesuits of Sacred Heart (later Regis College). For much of the twentieth century the Jesuits used it as a summer retreat. Now the ranch is open to the public as a museum. The ranch includes one of the few remaining planked log buildings in Colorado.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Ranch and Stage Stop</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Born in Canada and raised in New York, William Zane Cozens came to Colorado in the <strong>Colorado Gold Rush </strong>of 1858–59 and made his way to <strong>Central City</strong>. He soon became sheriff of <strong>Gilpin County</strong>. He married Mary York, a devout Catholic Irishwoman, and started a family.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the early 1870s, William and Mary decided to move their family from Central City to the Fraser River Valley. In 1872 William paid a little more than $500 to buy George Grimshaw’s squatter’s rights to land on the west bank of the Fraser River north of <strong>Berthoud Pass</strong>. Two years later he built a one-and-a-half-story ranch house on his land. It was near the recently completed wagon road, now US 40, that went over Berthoud Pass and through the valley. The ranch house served as the first stage stop beyond Berthoud Pass. Mary York Cozens and her two daughters provided hearty meals to travelers. In 1876 it became home to the Fraser post office, with Cozens as postmaster. After additions for the post office and stage stop, the building had more than 3,000 square feet.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Cozens Ranch prospered and grew. It housed the only post office between Empire and Hot Sulphur Springs as well as the main stage stop in the Fraser valley. By 1885 the ranch consisted of 320 acres of improved land and buildings worth $6,000, as well as $800 in livestock and $300 in farming equipment.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Cozens Ranch experienced several major changes in the early twentieth century. In 1901 a group of Denver Jesuits from <strong>Regis College</strong> camped at the ranch and struck up a friendship with Cozens and his Catholic wife. The Cozens family invited them back in subsequent summers. In 1905 the Cozens family sold the Jesuits eighty acres of land for use as a summer retreat. The Jesuits constructed a three-part building there and called the retreat Maryvale, after Mary, the mother of Jesus.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1904 William Cozens died, and in 1905 the <strong>Denver, Northwestern &amp; Pacific Railroad</strong> was completed over Rollins Pass to the Fraser valley. As a result, stage traffic over Berthoud Pass decreased. The post office was relocated to the new railroad town of Fraser just north of the ranch. Around the time of Mary York Cozens’s death in 1909, the family sold a few parcels of land. The three Cozens children, Will, Mary Elizabeth, and Sarah, continued to live at the ranch.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After Sarah’s death in 1923, Mary Elizabeth offered the ranch to Regis College, saying it had long been the family’s wish to give their land to the Jesuits. In November 1924 Mary Elizabeth and her brother Will signed the property over to the Jesuits of Regis College and High School. When Mary Elizabeth died in 1928, Will Cozens moved to Regis College as a guest of the Jesuits. He continued to spend summers with the Jesuits at Cozens Ranch until his death in 1938.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Museum</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Regis Jesuits kept Cozens Ranch much the same as they found it, with the exception that they converted the ranch house for use as a chapel for almost thirty years. In the 1980s Regis deeded the site to the town of Fraser. They in turn gave it to the Grand County Historical Association in 1987. The original Jesuit retreat building collapsed during this period and was removed in 1989.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1988 the historical association had the ranch listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The historical association also opened a museum, the Cozens Ranch Museum, which has exhibits on <strong>Grand County</strong> history and a gallery featuring work by local artists and artisans.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 17 May 2017 22:34:59 +0000 yongli 2582 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Morrison http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/morrison <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Morrison</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2278--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2278.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/morrison-historic-district"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Morrison-Media-1_0.jpg?itok=sRni1_rV" width="1000" height="548" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/morrison-historic-district" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Morrison Historic District</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Today Morrison's one main street of historic commercial buildings is largely lined with restaurants and antique shops.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2281--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2281.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/hauling-lime"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Morrison-Media-2_0.jpg?itok=c4YHokVx" width="1000" height="795" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/hauling-lime" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Hauling Lime</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In its early years, Morrison's economy depended on the Denver, South Park &amp; Pacific Railroad and George Morrison's quarries, which produced sandstone, limestone, and gypsum.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2282--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2282.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/morrison-1880s"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Morrison-Media-3_0.jpg?itok=AI0Owve0" width="1000" height="799" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/morrison-1880s" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Morrison, 1880s</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>By the 1880s, Morrison had a population of about 500. Thanks to George Morrison, it had a bustling quarry industry, and it also served as a vital transportation link between farms and ranches in the mountains and markets on the plains.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-02-01T13:48:07-07:00" title="Wednesday, February 1, 2017 - 13:48" class="datetime">Wed, 02/01/2017 - 13:48</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/morrison" data-a2a-title="Morrison"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fmorrison&amp;title=Morrison"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Morrison is a small tourist-oriented town of restaurants and antique shops located along <strong>Bear Creek</strong> in the valley south of <a href="/article/red-rocks-park-and-amphitheatre"><strong>Red Rocks</strong></a>, about fifteen miles southwest of <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>. Established in 1872, the town relied on George Morrison’s quarrying industry in its early years but gradually shifted to a tourist economy by the twentieth century, when <strong>John Brisben Walker</strong> operated a hotel and developed attractions at Red Rocks. The town’s location between the hogbacks and the foothills largely protected it from being absorbed by Denver’s suburban sprawl in the late twentieth century. In 1976 Morrison was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Years: George Morrison and John Evans</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Before the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>Colorado Gold Rush</strong></a> of 1858–59 brought white settlers to the area, the hogback valley along the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/front-range"><strong>Front Range</strong></a> near what is now Denver was a favored campsite for Native American groups stretching back thousands of years. Evidence from nearby archaeological sites such as <a href="/article/lodaiska-archaeological-site"><strong>LoDaisKa</strong></a>, <a href="/article/magic-mountain-archaeological-site"><strong>Magic Mountain</strong></a>, and <a href="/article/ken-caryl-south-valley-archaeological-district"><strong>Ken-Caryl South Valley</strong></a> suggests that the area was used at least as early as 6000 BCE, and Indians continued to camp, fish, and hunt in the valley until whites displaced them in the nineteenth century.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1859 Morrison founder George Morrison came to Colorado in the gold rush. He tried his luck in <strong>Idaho Springs</strong> for two months before falling back on his previous experience in construction and stone masonry. In 1860 he moved to <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/mount-vernon"><strong>Mount Vernon</strong></a>—a town then located just north of Red Rocks—and built a stone house that he operated for a few years as a hotel. In 1864 he acquired 320 acres near Bear Creek, about three miles south of Mount Vernon, where he had discovered rich deposits of building materials such as sandstone, lime, and gypsum.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1872 Morrison and a group of investors, including former Colorado Territorial governor <a href="/article/john-evans"><strong>John Evans</strong></a> and railroad developer <strong><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/david-h-moffat">David Moffat</a>,</strong> incorporated the Morrison Stone, Lime and Town Company. The plan was to establish a town along Bear Creek on land that Morrison sold to the company. The town would have Morrison’s quarries as an industrial base and would also be developed for tourism to take advantage of its picturesque location. Evans and Moffat also planned to route their narrow-gauge <strong>Denver, South Park &amp; Pacific Railroad</strong> through Morrison on its way to mountain mining camps. The railroad would have plenty of freight thanks to Morrison’s quarries, and it could also quickly transport tourists to the town from Denver.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The town of Morrison started to take shape over the next two years. In 1873 George Morrison built a stately three-story sandstone residence for himself; after his death in 1895, it was turned into the Cliff House, a hotel known for its good food and Sunday concerts. The year after building his own house, Morrison also completed a high-class sandstone hotel that Evans hired him to build. Called the Swiss Cottage, the hotel featured forty-two rooms and a dancing pavilion. Located on high ground south of Bear Creek, it boasted great views of Mt. Morrison and the area’s large red rock formations.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1874 the Denver, South Park &amp; Pacific Railroad arrived to haul out construction materials and bring in tourists. Morrison ended up being on a spur line rather than the main line after engineers decided that the railroad should go up <strong>Platte Canyon</strong> instead of <strong>Bear Creek Canyon</strong>, but the railroad was still crucial to the town’s success. By 1880 the town had grown to about 500 people, most of whom lived on side streets branching off from the main street of commercial buildings parallel to Bear Creek. It had five quarries for sandstone, limestone, and gypsum, as well as two kilns and a brick factory. All these construction materials could be shipped to Denver on the railroad, and Morrison also linked farms and ranches in the mountains to markets on the plains. Tourists could pay sixty cents round-trip for an express train that took about forty-five minutes from Denver.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>John Brisben Walker’s Tourist Town</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In the final decades of the nineteenth century, Morrison’s founders died or moved on. The Swiss Cottage originally owned by Evans became the Hotel Evergreen, and in 1884 Bishop <strong>Joseph Machebeuf</strong> bought the building for use as the home of Sacred Heart College. The Jesuit college lasted only a few years in Morrison, however, because students wanted to be closer to Denver. In 1887 entrepreneur John Brisben Walker, who had fallen in love with the Morrison area, acquired the old hotel building and gave the college forty acres of an alfalfa farm he operated northwest of Denver. The Jesuits developed that farmland into today’s <strong>Regis University</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After Walker acquired the old hotel in Morrison, he expanded and updated the building into a high-class resort known as the Mt. Morrison Casino. Over the years the hotel played host to a parade of famous visitors, including Theodore Roosevelt, Warren G. Harding, Herbert Hoover, and Lawrence Welk. Walker lived at the hotel with his family and ultimately acquired roughly 4,000 acres in the Morrison area, including Mt. Falcon, Mt. Morrison, and Red Rocks (known as Garden of the Titans at the time). In the early twentieth century he began to actively develop his properties for tourism. In 1906 he established a pavilion for concerts at Red Rocks, and in 1908 he opened an incline railway from Red Rocks to the summit of Mt. Morrison. Tourists could take the train from Denver to Morrison and rent a burro or buggy to get to Red Rocks, where they could enjoy an afternoon concert or pay seventy-five cents to ride the incline railway up Mt. Morrison.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Meanwhile, Walker built his family a large stone mansion near the summit of Mt. Falcon and also started raising money for a Summer White House on the mountain, where he hoped future presidents would spend their vacations. But the start of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-world-war-i"><strong>World War I</strong></a>, the death of Walker’s wife in 1916, and the burning of Walker’s mansion in 1918 derailed his dreams. In addition, the incline railway up Mt. Morrison became less popular as roads like the Lariat Loop (which came through Morrison) were completed and automobile tourism became more popular.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Walker’s own fortunes declined, and in 1924 he offered to sell Red Rocks to the city of Denver. The city declined at the time but eventually acquired the property in 1929. Around the same time, Frank Kirchoff bought some of Walker’s other Morrison-area properties, including the Mt. Morrison Casino. Kirchoff renamed the hotel the Hillcrest Inn and catered to eastern tourists. By <strong>World War II</strong>, however, the railroad to Morrison had been removed, and new highways were allowing towns deeper in the mountains to draw tourists away from foothills towns like Morrison. In 1943 Kirchoff gave the Hillcrest Inn to the Poor Sisters of St. Francis, who used it as a retreat house and an old folks home for about a decade. The inn stood vacant for five years before being acquired by the Mt. Morrison Investment Company in 1957 and turned into the Pine Haven Nursing Home.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>After World War II, Morrison ceased to be a tourist destination in the way that it had been in the early twentieth century. With the opening of <a href="/article/interstate-70"><strong>Interstate 70</strong></a> to the north and US 285 to the south, by the 1970s it was no longer on any main routes to the mountains. The town also largely lost its role as a producer of construction materials, although Aggregate Industries continues to operate a quarry about a mile south of town. Morrison settled into life as a somewhat sleepy residential town, with antique stores and restaurants in the historic brick and stone commercial buildings along the town’s main street. It has a population of about 500.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The biggest threat to the town’s historic character and setting came from the rapid development of the Denver metropolitan area in the late twentieth century. Whereas Morrison was once separated from Denver by miles of farms and ranches, today suburban developments are within minutes of the town. In the 1960s and 1970s, Morrison itself added some new ranch-style houses just southwest of the town’s historic core, but the hogbacks have largely shielded the town from Denver’s growth. Future developments planned on Morrison land in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/rooney-ranch"><strong>Rooney Valley</strong></a>, just east of the hogbacks, will bring more traffic but also more residents and a larger tax base.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Today, most Colorado residents know Morrison as the home of <strong>Bandimere Speedway</strong>, a dragstrip that opened just east of the hogbacks in 1958, and Red Rocks Amphitheatre, the famed concert venue that the city of Denver opened in 1941. In 2015 Red Rocks Amphitheatre and the related Mount Morrison <a href="/article/civilian-conservation-corps-colorado"><strong>Civilian Conservation Corps</strong></a> camp just west of Morrison were named a National Historic Landmark. Visitors also come to the Morrison Natural History Museum and nearby <a href="/article/dinosaur-ridge"><strong>Dinosaur Ridge</strong></a> to learn about the many important dinosaur fossils and footprints that have been discovered in the area since the late 1870s.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/bear-creek" hreflang="en">Bear Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/red-rocks" hreflang="en">Red Rocks</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/red-rocks-ampitheatre" hreflang="en">red rocks ampitheatre</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/john-brisben-walker" hreflang="en">John Brisben Walker</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/john-evans" hreflang="en">John Evans</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/george-morrison" hreflang="en">George Morrison</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-south-park-pacific-railroad" hreflang="en">Denver South Park &amp; Pacific Railroad</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/regis-university" hreflang="en">Regis University</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/bandimere-speedway" hreflang="en">Bandimere Speedway</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/dinosaur-ridge" hreflang="en">Dinosaur Ridge</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Sam Arnold, <em>The View From Mt. Morrison: The Story of a Colorado Town</em> (Denver: Fur Press, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Lorene Horton, “Town of Mt. Morrison,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form (September 15, 1975).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Jefferson County Historical Commission, <em>From Scratch: A History of Jefferson County, Colorado</em> (Golden, CO: Jefferson County Historical Commission, 1985).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 01 Feb 2017 20:48:07 +0000 yongli 2279 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org