%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Willowcroft Manor http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/willowcroft-manor <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Willowcroft Manor</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2567--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2567.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/big-building"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Willowcroft-Media-4_0.jpg?itok=IK2GVvpP" width="1000" height="666" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/big-building" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Big Building</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The so-called Big Building was a two-story stucco structure originally constructed as an addition to the main house in the 1920s but moved away from the house in the 1930s. It served at various times as a speakeasy dance hall, a mechanic's shop, and a horse barn.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-05-05T13:42:56-06:00" title="Friday, May 5, 2017 - 13:42" class="datetime">Fri, 05/05/2017 - 13:42</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/willowcroft-manor" data-a2a-title="Willowcroft Manor"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fwillowcroft-manor&amp;title=Willowcroft%20Manor"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Willowcroft Manor was built in 1884 as the home of <strong>Littleton</strong>-area pioneer Joseph W. Bowles. Designed by early Colorado architect <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/robert-s-roeschlaub"><strong>Robert S. Roeschlaub</strong></a>, the two-story stone house was on Bowles’s property near the southwest corner of what is now West Bowles Avenue (which was named for Bowles) and Middlefield Road. The Wolf family bought the house in the 1940s and lived there until the 2000s, when it was sold to a <a href="https://medium.com/@solar-power-systems/solar-companies-in-indiana-60c44a9a25a1">developer</a> and torn down to make way for a new subdivision.</p><h2>Bowles Residence</h2><p>Originally from North Carolina, Joseph W. Bowles came to Colorado in the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>Gold Rush of 1858–59</strong></a>. He worked in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/gilpin-county"><strong>Gilpin County</strong></a> mines for three years before deciding that farming and ranching offered an easier path to prosperity. In 1862 he moved to the west side of the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/south-platte-river"><strong>South Platte River</strong></a>, about ten miles south of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>, where farmers were using the flat land near the river to grow wheat, oats, corn, potatoes, barley, fruits, and vegetables for sale to prospectors in mining camps. In 1867 he worked with other local farmers—including Littleton founder <strong>Richard Sullivan Little</strong>—to establish the Rough and Ready Flour Mill on the east side of the South Platte near what is now the intersection of South Santa Fe Drive and West Bowles Avenue.</p><p>Bowles proved successful as a farmer and gradually accumulated roughly 2,000 acres of land stretching from the South Platte River to the Rocky Mountain foothills. He also owned a ranch near <strong>Wray</strong> for grazing cattle in the spring and summer as well as a ranch in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>. Active in local politics and civic affairs, he served as president of the Littleton Farmers Club and helped develop early irrigation projects in the area such as Harriman Ditch, Harriman Lake, and Bowles Lake. He was elected to the Colorado Territorial Legislature in 1868, later served two terms in the state legislature, and was an <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/arapahoe-county"><strong>Arapahoe County</strong></a> commissioner.</p><p><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/image/main-house-side-view"><img style="float:left;margin:15px;" src="/sites/default/files/Willowcroft-Media-3.jpg" alt="Main House, Side View" width="480" height="305"></a>During his first two decades along the South Platte, Bowles lived in a two-story log house. In 1884 he hired prominent Colorado architect Robert S. Roeschlaub—probably best known for his work on the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/central-city-opera"><strong>Central City Opera House</strong></a> (1881)—to build him an elegant new house. Like many other well-appointed rural farmhouses at the time, the Bowles residence was designed in the Queen Anne style, with steeply pitched gables. Built using pink sandstone from <strong>Castle Rock</strong>, the two-story house featured high ceilings, hot water on every floor, and a large living room with a stained-glass window above an Italian fireplace. The estate became known as Willowcroft after the five black willow trees that Bowles planted on the property.</p><h2>Later History</h2><p>After Joseph Bowles died in 1906, Willowcroft passed to his youngest living son, Walter, who owned it at least until the 1930s. In the 1920s, the main house served as a Prohibition-era speakeasy, with a two-story stucco and wood addition that supposedly housed a dance floor. In the 1930s, the two-story addition was detached and moved east of the house, where it became known as the “Big Building” and served as a mechanic’s shop. Other outbuildings on the property dated back to the Joseph Bowles era, including a one-story stucco caretaker’s house, a brick smokehouse, and a clapboard horse barn.</p><p><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/image/main-house-0"><img style="float:right;margin:15px;" src="/sites/default/files/Willowcroft-Media-2.jpg" alt="Main House" width="480" height="319"></a>Walter Bowles and his brothers gradually sold off most of the 2,000 acres that their father had accumulated, eventually including the main house and farmstead. The ownership of Willowcroft during the late 1930s and early 1940s is uncertain, but by 1948 Paul and Cynthia Wolf acquired the property. They added a screened porch and an extra bathroom to the main house and converted the Big Building to a barn for their horses and livestock.</p><p>Meanwhile, the growth of Denver and Littleton after <strong>World War II</strong> surrounded the property with shopping centers and subdivisions full of high-priced houses. Eventually the Willowcroft property, which had shrunk to only nine acres, became part of the suburban town of Columbine Valley, although it still maintained a rural feel and agricultural zoning. In 1993 the Wolfs’ son Bruce, a local real estate agent, worked with Historic Littleton Inc. to list the house on the State Register of Historic Properties.</p><h2>Demolition</h2><p>Cynthia Wolf moved away from Willowcroft before her death in 2005. The property passed to Bruce, who planned to fix up Willowcroft and retire there with his wife. But after Bruce died in 2008, his half-brother, David Owen, became executor of the family estate. Owen had little interest in the old house and quickly sold the land for $1.43 million.</p><p>In 2010 <strong>Colorado Preservation Inc.</strong> named Willowcroft one of the state’s most endangered places to spur interest in saving the property from demolition and redevelopment. The organization hoped to convince the new owner to preserve the main house and other buildings as part of an urban farmstead, but strong financial incentives to place a subdivision on the property prevailed. In April 2013, the town of Columbine Valley approved developer Taylor Morrison’s plan to demolish Willowcroft—one of the town’s only significant historic sites—and erect more than forty houses on the property. The house and other buildings were torn down later that year. After town residents approved the development plan in a referendum, construction on the new subdivision started in early 2014. Houses in Willowcroft Manor at Columbine Valley were ready for purchase that fall.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/littleton" hreflang="en">littleton</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/joseph-bowles" hreflang="en">Joseph Bowles</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/robert-roeschlaub" hreflang="en">Robert Roeschlaub</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-houses" hreflang="en">historic houses</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/endangered-places" hreflang="en">Endangered Places</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/lost-historic-sites" hreflang="en">lost historic sites</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Mike Butler, <em>Littleton</em> (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2015).</p><p>Karen Groves, <a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2013/05/05/willowcroft-project-would-see-historic-arapahoe-county-mansion-razed/">“Willowcroft project would see historic Arapahoe County mansion razed,”</a> <em>The Denver Post</em>, May 5, 2013.</p><p>Jennifer Smith, <a href="http://littletonindependent.staging.communityq.com/stories/Developer-tears-down-Willowcroft-Manor,60999">“Developer tears down Willowcroft Manor,”</a> <em>Littleton Independent</em>, June 25, 2013.</p><p><a href="https://coloradopreservation.org/programs/endangered-places/endangered-places-archives/willowcroft-manor-farm/">“Willowcroft Manor &amp; Farm,”</a> Colorado Preservation Inc., Endangered Places Archives.</p><p>Bruce F. Wolf, “Willowcroft Manor,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form (1993).</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Dave Hicks, <em>Littleton From the Beginning</em> (Denver: Egan Printing, 1975).</p><p>Robert J. McQuarie and C. W. Buchholtz, <em>Littleton, Colorado: Settlement to Centennial</em> (Littleton: Littleton Historical Museum and Friends of the Littleton Library &amp; Museum, 1990).</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 05 May 2017 19:42:56 +0000 yongli 2564 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Manitou Springs Spa Building http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/manitou-springs-spa-building <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Manitou Springs Spa Building</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2542--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2542.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/spa-building-today"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Manitou%20Springs%20Media%201.jpeg?itok=gmupie_m" width="1024" height="754" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/spa-building-today" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Spa Building Today</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>After being threatened with demolition in 2000, the Spa Building was rehabilitated to house shops, restaurants, and condominiums.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2546--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2546.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/water-treatments"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Manitou%20Spa%20Media%204_0.jpg?itok=tYbiQKT4" width="512" height="458" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/water-treatments" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Water Treatments</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Spa Building had shops on the first floor, baths and treatment rooms on the second floor, and overnight accommodations on the third floor.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span 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THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-05-04T16:12:08-06:00" title="Thursday, May 4, 2017 - 16:12" class="datetime">Thu, 05/04/2017 - 16:12</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/manitou-springs-spa-building" data-a2a-title="Manitou Springs Spa Building"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fmanitou-springs-spa-building&amp;title=Manitou%20Springs%20Spa%20Building"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The Manitou Springs Spa Building stands on top of Soda (or Manitou) Spring on the north bank of <strong>Fountain Creek</strong> in downtown <strong>Manitou Springs</strong>. The three-story Spanish Colonial Revival building was built in 1920 to help revive Manitou’s sagging health tourism industry by offering modern mineral water treatments. In the late twentieth century, the building was converted to a mix of commercial and residential uses. It gradually deteriorated before it was rehabilitated in the early 2000s to house shops, restaurants, and condominiums.</p><h2>Early Manitou Bathhouses</h2><p><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/image/original-rustic-pavilion-soda-spring"><img class="image-medium" style="float:left;margin:15px;" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Manitou%20Spa%20Media%202_1.jpg" alt="Original Rustic Pavilion at Soda Spring" width="480" height="323"> </a>Soda Spring is one of several springs that sit at the base of the old hunting trail over <strong>Ute Pass</strong> and were used by Native Americans for religious and medicinal purposes. In 1871 <a href="/article/william-jackson-palmer">William Jackson Palmer</a> and <strong>William Bell</strong> began to develop the area as a health resort. Their Colorado Springs Company hired Chicago landscape architect John Blair to design the town of Manitou Springs, which would feature elegant bathhouses, parks, and paths near the springs. The town’s first hotel, the Manitou House, opened in 1872, the same year that a rustic log pavilion with seating was built near Soda Spring.</p><p>The Panic of 1873 slowed development in Manitou, but by 1880 the construction of a new railroad spur from <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-springs">Colorado Springs</a> brought an influx of new visitors and investors. Large new hotels such as the <strong>Cliff House</strong> helped make Manitou one of the most popular summer resorts in the West. Hordes of health seekers suffering from <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/tuberculosis-colorado">tuberculosis</a> and other maladies came to reap the supposed benefits of mountain air and mineral <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/water-colorado"><strong>water</strong></a>. In 1885 the original rustic pavilion at Soda Spring was replaced by a much larger Victorian building that cost $3,500 and featured a lemonade stand. Soon a decorative iron fence encircled the area to prevent free use of the spring water.</p><h2>The Spa Building</h2><p>In the early twentieth century, health tourism to Manitou Springs started to decline. The town faced increasing competition from other resorts—including Colorado Springs, which became the area’s main center for tuberculosis treatment—while the use of mineral springs for health purposes faded as new treatments such as drugs, vitamins, and minerals began to take hold.</p><p><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/image/spa-building-rotunda"><img style="float:right;margin:15px;" src="/sites/default/files/Manitou%20Spa%20Media%203.jpg" alt="Spa Building Rotunda" width="512" height="447"></a>The Manitou Springs Spa Building was designed to arrest this decline in tourism by offering a new, modern health facility at Soda Spring. The old Victorian building with the lemonade stand was torn down to make way for the new spa, which was completed in 1920. The three-story building in the Spanish Colonial Revival style featured stucco walls and a red tile roof. Its construction was supervised by John Fordyce, an expert on bathhouse design. The first floor had small shops and a fountain fed by Soda Spring in the middle of a rotunda. The second floor had baths and treatment rooms and the third floor offered overnight accommodations for guests.</p><p>The Manitou Springs Spa was the town’s last attempt to market mineral baths as a commercial venture. In the middle of the twentieth century, tourism to Manitou Springs was transformed by the rise of the automobile. Motels sprouted on the town’s eastern edge, and most of the large old resorts downtown were demolished because no one came to the mineral springs anymore. At some point the spa building stopped being used as a bathhouse. In 1963 the building’s third floor was converted into small apartments. The second floor was also used at times for residences, while the first floor remained commercial. In 1979 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><h2>Rehabilitation</h2><p><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/image/spa-building-rehabilitation"><img style="float:left;margin:15px;" src="/sites/default/files/Manitou-Springs-Media-5.jpg" alt="Spa Building Before Rehabilitation" width="480" height="317"></a>The spa building was not well maintained in the late twentieth century, and by 1999 it was in such a state of deterioration that it had to be vacated. Soon after that, Fountain Creek flooded, washing several feet of water, rocks, and other debris through the building’s first floor. The owner could not sell the building, which was in such bad shape that Manitou Springs was threatening to condemn and demolish it. In 2000 the nonprofit <strong>Colorado Preservation Inc.</strong> named it one of the state’s most endangered places to spur efforts to save it. The building was also made part of the National Trust for Historic Preservation Save America’s Treasures program.</p><p>Over the next few years, Colorado Preservation helped show that the building could still be saved and adapted to new uses, especially with Manitou Springs experiencing a surge of new full-time residents. Potential buyers gradually emerged, and in 2005 the building was sold to development partners who wanted to pursue a rehabilitation project. Today the renovated building houses shops and restaurants on the ground floor and condominiums on the upper floors.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/manitou-springs" hreflang="en">manitou springs</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/soda-spring" hreflang="en">Soda Spring</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fountain-creek" hreflang="en">Fountain Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/tuberculosis" hreflang="en">tuberculosis</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mineral-springs" hreflang="en">mineral springs</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/endangered-places" hreflang="en">Endangered Places</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Deborah Harrison and the Manitou Springs Heritage Center, <em>Manitou Springs</em> (Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2012).</p><p><em>Manitou Springs and Tourism: Roadside Architecture in the West</em> (Prepared for the National Trust for Historic Preservation’s National Conference, 2003).</p><p><a href="https://coloradopreservation.org/programs/endangered-places/endangered-places-archives/manitou-springs-spa/">“Manitou Springs Spa,”</a> Colorado Preservation Inc., Endangered Places Archives.</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Bettie Marie Daniels and Virginia McConnell, <em>The Springs of Manitou</em> (Denver: Sage Books, 1964).</p><p>“Manitou Springs Historic District,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form (1983).</p><p>John and Joanne Pearring, <em>The Walking Tour: An Historical Guide to Manitou Springs</em> (Manitou Springs: TextPros, 1983).</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Thu, 04 May 2017 22:12:08 +0000 yongli 2541 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Gold Hill http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/gold-hill <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gold Hill</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2531--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2531.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/early-gold-hill"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Gold-Hill-Media-1_0.jpg?itok=1H4WZK12" width="1000" height="576" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/early-gold-hill" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Early Gold Hill</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>After members of the Aikins party discovered gold in January 1859, prospectors rushed to Gold Hill, which became the first permanent mining camp in the Colorado mountains.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2532--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2532.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/revived-gold-hill"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Gold-Hill-Media-2_0.jpg?itok=NXF6xtct" width="1000" height="581" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/revived-gold-hill" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Revived Gold Hill</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Gold Hill declined in the late 1860s but experienced a new boom after 1872, when miners discovered gold and silver tellurides in the area.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2534--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2534.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/tourism-takes-hold"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Gold-Hill-Media-5_1.jpg?itok=95CoNwxR" width="1000" height="750" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/tourism-takes-hold" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Tourism Takes Hold</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In the early twentieth century, mining declined and Gold Hill shrank. It turned into a small residential community and summer resort. The Blue Bird Lodge (bottom left) was owned by a Chicago women's group as a private retreat.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-05-03T16:54:46-06:00" title="Wednesday, May 3, 2017 - 16:54" class="datetime">Wed, 05/03/2017 - 16:54</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/gold-hill" data-a2a-title="Gold Hill"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fgold-hill&amp;title=Gold%20Hill"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Gold Hill was established in 1859 as the first permanent <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/precious-metal-mining-colorado"><strong>mining</strong></a> camp in the Colorado mountains. Located at an elevation of about 8,300 feet in <strong><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/boulder-county">Boulder County</a></strong>, the town experienced several booms and busts before settling into a small-scale tourist economy in the twentieth century. Today Gold Hill—which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989—has about 200 residents and continues to represent perhaps the best intact example in the state of an early mining community.</p> <h2>Mountain District No. 1</h2> <p>In the fall of 1858, the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush">Colorado Gold Rush</a> spurred Capt. <strong>Thomas Aikins</strong> to lead a party of about fifteen up the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/south-platte-river">South Platte River</a> toward Cherry Creek. On the way, they stopped at the ruins of <strong>Fort St. Vrain</strong>, an old fur <a href="/article/nineteenth-century-trading-posts">trading post</a> along the river. Aikins supposedly climbed the fort’s crumbling walls and looked west, where he saw an inviting valley at the base of the foothills. He led his party to what is now Settler’s Park in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/boulder">Boulder</a>, where the Southern <strong>Arapaho</strong> leader <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/niwot-left-hand">Niwot</a> (or Left Hand) allowed them to camp through the winter.</p> <p>During the winter, Aikins’s son, James, and other members of the party started to explore the creeks above their camp. On January 16, 1859, they found gold in a tributary of Fourmile Creek. They called the stream Gold Run, and the mining camp that took shape on a nearby ridge became Gold Hill. After news of the find reached <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver">Denver</a>, hundreds of prospectors rushed to Gold Hill, which became the first permanent mining town in the Colorado mountains. In February the Aikins party established Boulder City as a supply town, and on March 7, 1859, miners in Gold Hill organized Mountain District No. 1, the first mining district in what would become Colorado.</p> <p>Gold Hill soon swelled to 1,500 residents, who mined roughly $100,000 of gold in their first year. The most famous and productive early find in Gold Hill was the Horsfall Lode, discovered in June 1859 by <strong>David Horsfall</strong>, William Blore, and Matthew McCaslin. That fall, Thomas J. Graham built the area’s first stamp mill. In May 1860, a fire destroyed the camp, but it was soon rebuilt at a new, better-sheltered site on the saddle between Gold Run and Lick Skillet Gulch.</p> <p>As with many of Colorado’s earliest mining towns, Gold Hill declined quickly after its initial boom. The exhaustion of placer gold—easily accessible gold in streambeds—made mining more difficult and expensive, and the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/civil-war-colorado"><strong>Civil War</strong></a> drained the town of prospectors and capital. Over the next five years, the Horsfall Lode almost single-handedly kept Gold Hill alive. By 1870 the town had only a handful of residents left.</p> <h2>Tellurium Boom</h2> <p>Gold Hill experienced a second and more sustained boom starting in 1872, when miners discovered gold and silver tellurides in the area. Tellurides contain tellurium, an element used in alloys. Prospectors again flocked to the foothills above Boulder, founding new towns such as Sunshine and Salina. Gold Hill revived and grew to more than 1,000 residents who quickly put up dozens of log and frame buildings. The earliest surviving buildings in Gold Hill date to this period, including the log cabins at 210 and 240 Horsfall Street. By 1873, the newly bustling town had a store, a post office, a school, and several boardinghouses. Charles Wentworth built a three-story log hotel, sometimes called the Miners Hotel or Grand Mountain Hotel.</p> <p>Over the next decade, Gold Hill grew to include three general stores, a drugstore, a barbershop, a meat market, a pool hall, a livery stable, and seven saloons. The largest and most productive mine in Gold Hill during this era was the Slide Mine. Discovered by W. B. Pell in July 1875, it produced ores worth more than $2 million by 1910. Even during these years, however, Gold Hill’s growth was hampered by its remote location. All the approaches into town were too steep for a railroad, so the nearest station was two miles away. Without a railroad to haul ores and bring materials, the town’s development never took off.</p> <p>After 1900 the quantity and quality of the ores around Gold Hill declined. Mining activity slowed, and the population dropped to about 200 by 1910. By that time, the mines around Gold Hill had produced ores worth a total of about $13 million. Over the next decade, mining in Gold Hill essentially stopped, and the town shrank to only fifty people. Many houses and businesses were abandoned. Mining experienced a brief revival during the Great Depression, when gold prices were high and labor was cheap. That minor boom ended when the government shut down gold mines during World War II, and most mines never reopened.</p> <h2>Preservation</h2> <p>With the rise of automobiles in the 1910s and 1920s, Gold Hill started to attract tourists who drove up the steep canyon roads from Boulder. In 1921, for example, a Chicago women’s group called the Blue Birds bought the Wentworth Hotel and turned it into a private summer retreat called the Blue Bird Lodge. Five years later, they built a log dining hall next to the lodge. Some mining cabins started to be converted into summer homes, but the tourist economy sprouting in Gold Hill was soon squashed by the <strong>Great Depression</strong>. For the next generation, the town survived as a small residential community. In 1962 Barbara and Frank Finn bought the Blue Bird Lodge and dining hall, which they renamed the Gold Hill Inn.</p> <p>Gold Hill never died out. It also never experienced enough development to destroy the town’s early log buildings or change its mining-camp feel. In the 1960s, the growth of Boulder sparked concerns in Gold Hill about the effects of new development on the historic town. In 1968 residents banded together as the Gold Hill Organization to Safeguard the Town (GHOST), and in 1972 they won historic preservation zoning that allowed them to review and approve all permits for new construction in town. Gold Hill residents also have hindered development by resisting efforts to pave any of the approaches into town.</p> <p>Historic preservation in Gold Hill remains an active concern. In the late 1990s, Historic Gold Hill opened a local history museum and archive with the help of a <strong>State Historical Fund </strong>grant. In 2000 land containing the ruins of the original townsite and the Horsfall Mine were listed for sale and threatened with development. The nonprofit <strong>Colorado Preservation Inc.</strong> named the site one of the state’s most endangered places to draw attention to it, and Boulder County soon bought the land to preserve it as open space.</p> <p>The town faces threats from natural disasters as well as economic development. In September 2010, the massive <strong>Fourmile Canyon Fire</strong> broke out near Gold Hill. The fire burned a total of 168 houses and caused more than $200 million in damages across nearly 6,200 acres, making it one of the most destructive <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/wildfire-colorado#page-title"><strong>wildfires</strong></a> in Colorado history. The historic Gold Hill townsite was on the edge of the fire but survived without losing any houses.</p> <p><a class="colorbox colorbox-insert-image" href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/image/gold-hill-today"><img alt="Gold Hill Today" class="image-large" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/Gold-Hill-Media-6_0.jpg?itok=TjDyFLCl" style="float:right; height:319px; margin:15px; width:480px"></a> Today Gold Hill has about 200 residents and more than 30 historic buildings, many of which are made of logs and date back to the town’s late nineteenth-century mining boom. The town’s two main businesses are the Blue Bird Lodge and Gold Hill Inn—still run by the Finn family—and the Gold Hill General Store, which serves meals, sells a wide variety of items, and houses the town library. The town’s 1874 schoolhouse is still in use.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-gold-rush" hreflang="en">Colorado Gold Rush</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/boulder" hreflang="en">boulder</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/boulder-county" hreflang="en">boulder county</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/gold-run" hreflang="en">Gold Run</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/horsfal-lode" hreflang="en">Horsfal Lode</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/slide-mine" hreflang="en">Slide Mine</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/cash-mine" hreflang="en">Cash Mine</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/tellurium" hreflang="en">tellurium</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/thomas-aikins" hreflang="en">thomas aikins</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fourmile-canyon-fire" hreflang="en">Fourmile Canyon Fire</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/endangered-places" hreflang="en">Endangered Places</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Deborah Edge Abele, “Gold Hill,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (October 1987; rev. November 1988).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Robert Balsley, <em>Early Gold Hill</em> (n.p.: Storyteller Images, 1992).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Charlie Brennan, <a href="https://www.dailycamera.com/2015/09/04/fourmile-fire-five-years-of-progress-but-dangers-linger/">“Fourmile Fire: Five years of progress, but danger lingers,”</a> <em>Boulder Daily Camera</em>, September 6, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Thomas J. Noel and Dan W. Corson, <em>Boulder County: An Illustrated History</em></p>&#13; &#13; <p>(Carlsbad, CA: Heritage Media, 1999).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Silvia Pettem, <em>Red Rocks to Riches: Gold Mining in Boulder County, Then and Now</em> (Boulder: Stonehenge, 1980).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Laura Snider, <a href="https://www.dailycamera.com/2009/08/12/gold-hill-celebrates-150th-birthday/">“Gold Hill celebrates 150th birthday,”</a> <em>Boulder Daily Camera</em>, August 12, 2009.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Laura Snider, <a href="https://www.dailycamera.com/2009/08/14/theres-still-gold-in-them-hills/">“There’s (still) gold in them hills,”</a> <em>Boulder Daily Camera</em>, May 11, 2008.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>John K. Aldrich, <em>Ghosts of Boulder County: A Guide to the Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of Boulder County, Colorado</em> (Lakewood, CO: Centennial Graphics, 1986).</p> <p><a href="https://coloradopreservation.org/programs/endangered-places/endangered-places-archives/original-gold-hill-townsite/">“Original Gold Hill Townsite,”</a> Colorado Preservation Inc., Endangered Places Archives.</p> <p>Silvia Pettem, <em>Guide to Historic Western Boulder County</em> (Evergreen, CO: Cordillera, 1989).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 03 May 2017 22:54:46 +0000 yongli 2530 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org State Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/state-soldiers-and-sailors-home <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">State Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2294--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2294.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/old-barracks"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/State-Soldiers-Media-1_0.jpg?itok=Sw6BKiE_" width="1000" height="769" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/old-barracks" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Old Barracks</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home near Monte Vista was established in 1889 and opened in 1891, when the original hospital and barracks was built.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2295--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2295.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/dairy-barn"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/State-Soldiers-Media-2_0.jpg?itok=GQB3IndN" width="1000" height="769" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/dairy-barn" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Dairy Barn</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>After the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home faced a financial crisis in the 1890s, it started to make itself more self-sufficient, in part by establishing an agricultural operation to provide the home with food and income. The home's dairy cows were highly regarded.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2296--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2296.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/infirmary"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/State-Soldiers-Media-3_0.jpg?itok=FPDYKfaQ" width="999" height="735" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/infirmary" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Infirmary</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In 1928 the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home added a new infirmary to improve the home's medical care. At the time, the infirmary was one of the best medical facilities in the San Luis Valley.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2297--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2297.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/soldiers-and-sailors-home"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/State-Soldiers-Media-4_0.jpg?itok=6kRRg4Ys" width="1000" height="769" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/soldiers-and-sailors-home" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Soldiers&#039; and Sailors&#039; Home</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>During the early twentieth century, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home expanded significantly with new cottages, apartments, and administrative buildings. The grounds were planted with trees, making it a pleasant place for Monte Vista families to have a picnic.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-02-01T14:51:22-07:00" title="Wednesday, February 1, 2017 - 14:51" class="datetime">Wed, 02/01/2017 - 14:51</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/state-soldiers-and-sailors-home" data-a2a-title="State Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fstate-soldiers-and-sailors-home&amp;title=State%20Soldiers%E2%80%99%20and%20Sailors%E2%80%99%20Home"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located east of <strong>Monte Vista</strong> in the <strong><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley">San Luis Valley</a> </strong> (3694 Sherman Ave, Monte Vista, Colorado), the State Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home was established in 1889 as a home for aging and disabled Civil War veterans in Colorado. The facility grew over the years to include cottages, apartments, social buildings, and a modern nursing home, and it has housed veterans of every major American conflict since the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/civil-war-colorado"><strong>Civil War</strong></a>. Now known as the Colorado State Veterans Center at Homelake, the facility offers semi-independent assisted living and full-time nursing care for veterans, their spouses or widows, and parents who have lost a child in military service.</p> <h2>Housing Veterans in Monte Vista</h2> <p>In 1889 the Grand Army of the Republic—the influential Civil War veterans’ organization—secured passage in the <strong>Colorado state legislature</strong> of a bill to provide a home for the state’s aging and disabled veterans. As the bill made its way through the legislature, state senator Adair Wilson of <strong>Del Norte</strong> managed to attach a provision that the home had to be built in the San Luis Valley. This outraged <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> real estate interests, who had assumed the home would be located in or near the capital, and quickly launched a competition between the San Luis Valley towns of <strong>Alamosa</strong>, Del Norte, and Monte Vista to secure the home. Monte Vista won the bidding war by offering the home 160 acres of land and a 67-acre lake a few miles east of town, as well as perpetual water rights and $9,000 in cash.</p> <p>In 1891 the State Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home started operations. Construction on the first building, a combined hospital and barracks, started on July 4 and was completed in November. Soon the building was filled to capacity, and plans were in progress to expand the home with another barracks, a chapel, and a commander’s residence. Meanwhile, nearby Stanger Lake was dredged and deepened to make it less swampy. It was renamed Sherman Lake and is now known as Homelake.</p> <h2>Financial Crisis and Farming</h2> <p>The early years at the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home were difficult. Denver real estate interests were trying to choke off state funds as a way of pressuring the home to move to Denver. What little funding the institution did receive was being mismanaged by the home’s commander. And after the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/panic-1893"><strong>Panic of 1893</strong></a>, the number of veterans trying to get into the home soared. By 1894 the home faced a financial crisis. It survived thanks to the Colorado branch of the Grand Army of the Republic, which raised money to keep it alive.</p> <p>The Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home also increased its financial stability by making the institution largely self-sufficient. As part of this effort, the home started to focus on agricultural production—especially under the leadership of Chauncey Aldrich, who became commander in 1903. An orchard of 285 trees was planted in 1902. The farm provided meaningful work for residents, who helped with farming and raised cows, chickens, and hogs. This work provided the home with its food as well as a source of income, as it sold surplus to other state institutions. In 1906 the home made a profit of $2,000, and by 1907 it was out of debt.</p> <p>State legislative appropriations in 1919 and 1922 allowed the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home to improve and expand its farm. At its height, the property grew to more than 600 acres. The home had highly regarded dairy cows, a huge potato crop, and its own slaughterhouse and smokehouse.</p> <h2>Growth and Change</h2> <p>When the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home opened in 1891, it had only one building and a cemetery. Over the next fifty years the home expanded significantly, with several bursts of construction. In 1898 the home added administrative buildings and other facilities made of local <strong>rhyolite</strong> stone—the Administration Building, the Superintendent’s Residence, the Paden-Meyer Memorial Chapel (which also housed the library and post office), the Main Recreation Hall, and the Central Dining Hall. The facility’s original 1891 building was demolished in the 1960s, leaving these 1898 buildings as the oldest remaining.</p> <p>Another round of construction occurred in the 1910s, including new types of residential buildings that provided more privacy for residents and their wives, who were now allowed to live at the home for the first time. In 1914–15 the home’s first cottages were built, and in 1919–20 the home added four brick apartment buildings with eight units each. Built to house a growing population of veterans’ wives, widows, and mothers, the apartment buildings near Homelake were known as Petticoat Lane.</p> <p>In 1928 a new infirmary was built to provide better medical care than could be offered at the original 1891 hospital and barracks building. At the time, the infirmary was one of the best medical facilities in the San Luis Valley. The last major stage of construction at the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home came during the late 1930s, when the Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided roughly $50,000 of labor and performed about $200,000 worth of improvements. WPA workers built new cottages, apartment buildings, and garages, and did maintenance work on a variety of older structures.</p> <p>The facilities and farm at the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home offered residents a variety of opportunities for work and relaxation. Residents worked at least one six-hour day per week, for which they were paid a small wage. This left them plenty of time for fishing in Homelake, hiking, watching movies in the chapel (which began doubling as a theater in 1911), playing billiards in the Game Room, doing needlework in the Ladies’ Lounge, and attending dances at the Main Recreation Hall. The home’s grounds, which were planted with cottonwoods and evergreens throughout the twentieth century, became a popular place for picnics and celebrations among Monte Vista families.</p> <p>After World War II, the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home suffered from funding cuts and administrative problems. By the 1950s federal inspectors were complaining about the conditions of the aging buildings. In 1957 Governor <strong>Stephen McNichols</strong> quietly floated the idea of selling the facility to the federal government to use as a school for Navajo children, but the proposal went nowhere. The home sold some of its farmland to generate revenue, and enrollment declined.</p> <p>In 1965 the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home was renamed the Colorado State Veterans Center. With average life expectancy increasing, the home began to care for more aging and senile veterans who previously would have been sent to the state mental institution in<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/pueblo-0"><strong> Pueblo</strong></a>. This new focus on providing medical care to aging veterans helped the institution survive and grow. In the early 1990s the home added a three-wing nursing home that could provide up to sixty aging veterans with full-time modern medical care.</p> <h2>Today</h2> <p>In 1995 the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home was listed on the State Register of Historic Properties, but it continued to suffer from a lack of funding that made building maintenance difficult. By 2005, deferred maintenance of historic buildings at the home led the nonprofit Colorado Preservation Inc. to name it one of the state’s <strong>Most Endangered Places</strong>. The designation helped spur new preservation efforts, including the establishment of the Homelake Historic Preservation and Restoration Foundation. Over the next decade the Colorado Department of Human Services secured <strong>State Historical Fund</strong> (SHF) grants to prepare a new master plan for the site and rehabilitate the cottages, chapel, and library, while the Homelake Foundation received SHF grants to prepare a historic structure assessment and begin an exterior rehabilitation project on the Administration Building.</p> <p>A 2002 statute established the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home as a repository for all unclaimed military memorabilia in Colorado. To house and display the collection, the Homelake Foundation started the Homelake Veterans’ History Museum, which is housed in the old Dining Hall. In the future, the foundation plans to partner with the San Luis Valley Museum Association and Monte Arts Council to turn the Administration Building into the Homelake Interpretive History and Conference Center, which will include an events center and educational exhibits on military history and historic preservation.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/monte-vista" hreflang="en">Monte Vista</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/veterans" hreflang="en">veterans</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/homelake" hreflang="en">Homelake</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/endangered-places" hreflang="en">Endangered Places</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>David Migoya, <a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2007/05/27/veterans-home-a-disgrace/">“Veterans’ Home a ‘Disgrace,’”</a> <em>Denver Post</em>, May 27, 2007.</p> <p><a href="https://coloradopreservation.org/programs/endangered-places/endangered-places-archives/soldiers-sailors-home/">“Soldiers’ &amp; Sailors’ Home,”</a> Colorado Preservation, Endangered Places Archives.</p> <p>Sarah Zaske, Daniela Caro, Marty Alexandroff, and Lynn Lohr, “State Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Home,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form (July 7, 1995).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Luther E. Bean, <em>Land of the Blue Sky People</em> (Monte Vista, CO: Monte Vista Journal, 1962).</p> <p>Emma M. Riggenbach, <em>A Bridge to Yesterday: An Early History of Monte Vista, Colorado</em> (Monte Vista, CO: High Valley Press, 1982).</p> <p>Rocky Mountain PBS,&nbsp;<a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a>&nbsp;<em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p> <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em>, 2nd ed. (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1999).</p> <p><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/state.co.us/cdhs-vclc/our-homes/homelake">“Veterans Community Living Center at Homelake,”</a> Colorado Department of Human Services.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 01 Feb 2017 21:51:22 +0000 yongli 2292 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org