%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Calhan Paint Mines http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/calhan-paint-mines <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Calhan Paint Mines</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--3602--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--3602.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/calhan-paint-mines"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Paint-Mines-Interpretive-Park_20210103_0148_0.jpg?itok=0sERBlMR" width="1000" height="667" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/calhan-paint-mines" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Calhan Paint Mines</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Calhan Paint Mines are an area of clay deposits in El Paso County that have seen extensive prehistoric habitation and historic quarrying of the clay for pottery and bricks.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--3603--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--3603.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/paint-mines-formations"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Paint-Mines-Interpretive-Park_20210103_0189_0.jpg?itok=2GFSjs2a" width="1000" height="667" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/paint-mines-formations" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Paint Mines Formations</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The clay deposits at the paint mines contain iron oxides that color the clay red, yellow, and purple. The soft clay erodes easily, leaving behind many monoliths known as hoodoos, where Dawson Arkose sandstone caps protect portions of clay from erosion.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--3604--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--3604.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/paint-mines-interpretive-park"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/963px-Paint_Mines_Interpretive_Park%2C_Main_entrance_0.jpg?itok=BC24tm3h" width="963" height="768" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/paint-mines-interpretive-park" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Paint Mines Interpretive Park</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In the late 1990s, El Paso County worked with the Palmer Land Trust to acquire paint mines land for conservation, and in 2001 the county created Paint Mines Interpretive Park. The park includes several miles of trails, but much of the land will be kept in its natural state to minimize erosion and other disturbances.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-05-17T15:46:04-06:00" title="Wednesday, May 17, 2017 - 15:46" class="datetime">Wed, 05/17/2017 - 15:46</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/calhan-paint-mines" data-a2a-title="Calhan Paint Mines"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcalhan-paint-mines&amp;title=Calhan%20Paint%20Mines"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located near <strong>Calhan</strong>, about thirty-five miles northeast of <strong><a href="/article/colorado-springs">Colorado Springs</a></strong>, the Calhan Paint Mines are an area of clay deposits that have seen extensive prehistoric habitation and <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/prehistoric-stone-quarrying-colorado"><strong>historic quarrying</strong></a> of the clay for pottery and bricks. In the 1990s, archaeological fieldwork at the site revealed dozens of prehistoric cultural deposits and led to the listing of the paint mines as an archaeological district on the National Register of Historic Places. The area is now maintained by <strong><a href="/article/el-paso-county">El Paso County</a></strong> as Paint Mines Interpretive Park.</p> <h2>Geology and History</h2> <p>The paint mines are named for their clay deposits, which contain iron oxides that color the clay red, yellow, and purple and were probably used as pigments by prehistoric peoples. In addition to their colors, the paint mines contain many striking formations. The area’s soft clay erodes easily, leaving behind monoliths known as hoodoos, where Dawson Arkose sandstone caps protect portions of clay from erosion. The area also contains selenite crystals and petrified wood.</p> <p>Humans have used the paint mines area for at least 10,000 years, as indicated by the many cultural deposits distributed throughout the site. At least two areas in the paint mines contain artifacts from the <strong><a href="/article/paleo-indian-period">Paleo-Indian period</a></strong> (9500–5800 BCE), such as square-base Eden-style projectile points. At least three sites represent Middle and Late <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/archaic-period-colorado"><strong>Archaic period</strong></a> (3000 BCE–150 CE) habitation. The majority of the prehistoric artifacts in the paint mines date to the <strong>Ceramic period </strong>(150–1540 CE), including small corner-notched points, stemmed-style projectile points, and cord-marked ceramics. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the area was occupied by the ancestral <strong>Plains Apache</strong>. They were pushed out in the 1700s by the <strong>Comanche</strong> and <strong><a href="/search/google/ute">Ute</a></strong>, who were in turn supplanted by the <strong>Arapaho</strong> and <strong>Cheyenne</strong> in the mid-nineteenth century.</p> <p>In the late 1800s, white settlers began to displace Native Americans. Starting in the 1880s, portions of the paint mines began to be <strong><a href="/article/homestead">homesteaded</a></strong> for farming and ranching. Extracting clay from the paint mines for use in bricks and pottery may have been common as early as 1903. Some clays were sent to Garden of the Gods Pottery and perhaps to <strong><a href="/article/van-briggle-memorial-pottery-building">Van Briggle Pottery</a></strong> in Colorado Springs, as well as to the Standard Fire Brick Company in <strong>Pueblo</strong>. In 1915 the Calhan Fire Clay Company claimed land in the eastern portion of the paint mines for a quarry. There are a total of three historic clay quarries in the paint mines.</p> <p>Tourists and recreational visitors have been coming to the paint mines throughout the historic period. Although the land was in private hands for most of the twentieth century, hikers, picnickers, sightseers, and collectors often roamed the area.</p> <h2>Paint Mines Interpretive Park</h2> <p>In the late 1990s, El Paso County worked with the Palmer Land Trust to acquire more than 750 acres of paint mines land for conservation. As part of the acquisition process, the county used a <strong>State Historical Fund</strong> grant to commission an archaeological inventory of the land’s resources. The area had long been considered an important source of prehistoric artifacts, but no formal archaeological fieldwork had ever been conducted there.</p> <p>Led by principal investigators Scott Phillips and Lucy Hackett Bambrey, the Powers Elevation archaeological team found sixty new archaeological sites in the paint mines area, with artifacts ranging from the Paleo-Indian period to modern times. Despite the team’s detailed work, it proved impossible to identify a prehistoric site at the paint mines. Clays like those in the paint mines are known to have been used elsewhere as pigments, but the highly erosive nature of the clay near Calhan has removed any direct evidence of prehistoric diggings. Some ceramic shards discovered in the paint mines match raw clays at the site, making it likely but not certain that prehistoric peoples used the clay for pigments.</p> <p>In 2000, as a result of the Powers Elevation investigation, the area was listed as an archaeological district in the National Register of Historic Places. Paint Mines Interpretive Park was created the next year. The park has been developed for recreation east of Paint Mine Road, with more than four miles of trails and several interpretive signs that allow visitors to see and learn about the area’s history and geology. A 2010 park management plan called for keeping the portion of the park west of Paint Mine Road largely in its natural state to minimize the effects of erosion and vandalism.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/calhan" hreflang="en">Calhan</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/el-paso-county" hreflang="en">el paso county</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/paint-mines" hreflang="en">paint mines</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/archaic-period" hreflang="en">archaic period</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/ceramic-period" hreflang="en">Ceramic period</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/van-briggle-pottery" hreflang="en">Van Briggle Pottery</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Justin Henderson, “<a href="https://admin.elpasoco.com">Paint Mines Interpretive Park Management Plan</a>,” El Paso County Parks &amp; Leisure Services (Fall 2010).</p> <p>Scott C. Phillips, <em>The Calhan Paint Mines Archeological Inventory and Limited Testing, El Paso County, Colorado: An Intensive Class III Archeological Survey</em>, Colorado State Historic Fund Project 98-01-104 (Powers Elevation, 2000).</p> <p>Joel Tyberg, “Calhan Paint Mines Archaeological District,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, revised by Jay Norejko (February 2000).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif; font-size:12.0pt">James H. Gunnerson, <em>Archaeology of the High Plains</em> (Denver: Bureau of Land Management, 1987).</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif; font-size:12.0pt">David Grant Noble, <em>Ancient Colorado: An Archaeological Perspective</em> (Denver: Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists, 2000).</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif; font-size:12.0pt">Tammy Stone, <em>The Prehistory of Colorado and Adjacent Areas</em> (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1999).</span></p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 17 May 2017 21:46:04 +0000 yongli 2580 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/van-briggle-memorial-pottery-building <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2101--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2101.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/van-briggle-memorial-pottery-building"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Van_Briggle_Pottery_Tiled_Building-%281%29_0.jpg?itok=kglTtA1E" width="1000" height="669" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/van-briggle-memorial-pottery-building" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Built in 1907-8 as a showcase for the company's products, the Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building incorporated thousands of tile and terra cotta elements designed by Anne Van Briggle.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2102--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2102.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/anne-van-briggle"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Van%20Briggle%20Media%202_0.jpg?itok=3Li_yU1q" width="229" height="292" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/anne-van-briggle" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Anne Van Briggle</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>After Artus Van Briggle's death in 1904, Anne Van Briggle took over their pottery company and led it for the next eight years. She oversaw the planning and construction of the company's new headquarters, which served as a memorial to her late husband.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2103--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2103.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/workers-van-briggle-pottery"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Van-Briggle-Media-3_0.jpg?itok=-i-xHz7z" width="1000" height="810" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/workers-van-briggle-pottery" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Workers at the Van Briggle Pottery</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Van Briggle Pottery featured giant kilns and smokestacks designed by engineer Frank Riddle to get better combustion with less smoke.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2104--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2104.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/colorado-college-facilities-services"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Van_Briggle_Pottery_Company_0.jpg?itok=LILKKIST" width="1000" height="673" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/colorado-college-facilities-services" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado College Facilities Services</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Now home to Colorado College's Facilities Services department, the Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span 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THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-11-22T13:31:31-07:00" title="Tuesday, November 22, 2016 - 13:31" class="datetime">Tue, 11/22/2016 - 13:31</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/van-briggle-memorial-pottery-building" data-a2a-title="Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fvan-briggle-memorial-pottery-building&amp;title=Van%20Briggle%20Memorial%20Pottery%20Building"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Built in 1907–8, the Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-springs"><strong>Colorado Springs</strong></a> was designed by architect Nicolaas van den Arend to serve as the company’s salesroom, pottery plant, and headquarters. Incorporating more than 5,000 tile and terra cotta components designed by <strong>Anne Van Briggle</strong>, the building is considered one of the most important tile installations in the United States. In 1968 the pottery company moved and sold the building to nearby <strong>Colorado College</strong>, which uses it to house the school’s Facilities Services department.</p> <h2>Van Briggle Pottery</h2> <p>In 1899 pottery maker <strong>Artus Van Briggle</strong> moved to Colorado Springs from his home in Cincinnati to try to recover from <a href="/article/tuberculosis-colorado"><strong>tuberculosis</strong></a>. He soon became a staple of the city’s social and artistic circles and began to work with Colorado College professor William Strieby to perfect his pottery and glazes using local materials. In 1900 his fiancée, Anne Gregory, joined him in Colorado Springs. Trained as a painter, she became his partner in the pottery business. In 1901 they opened a showroom and pottery plant on North Nevada Avenue. By that December they had pieces ready for sale, and in April 1902 they officially incorporated the Van Briggle Pottery Company. Initial investors included <a href="/article/william-jackson-palmer"><strong>William Jackson Palmer</strong></a>, <strong>Winfield Scott Stratton</strong>, and other members of the city’s social and business elite.</p> <p>The Van Briggles were married in June 1902 and experienced considerable success over the next two years. Their work was generating praise around the country and even around the world for the way it applied Art Nouveau’s emphasis on natural forms to pottery. Van Briggle pieces won medals at the prestigious Paris Salon of 1903 and the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Centennial Exposition in St. Louis. But Artus Van Briggle’s health continued to decline, causing Anne to assume more and more responsibility for the company. On July 4, 1904, Artus Van Briggle died of tuberculosis.</p> <h2>Memorial Pottery Plant</h2> <p>After the death of Artus Van Briggle, the pottery company was reorganized with Anne as president. She continued to produce his old designs and added some of her own while gradually expanding the company’s range of production to bring in more revenue. In 1907 the company started to produce art tiles, and Anne Van Briggle began to plan for a larger and better pottery plant that would also serve as a showcase for the company’s wares and a memorial to her husband.</p> <p>The new pottery plant was a factory at its core, but the setting and architecture were designed to impress visitors and inspire workers. William Jackson Palmer provided a picturesque site for the building on the west bank of Monument Creek adjacent to <a href="/article/monument-valley-park"><strong>Monument Valley Park</strong></a>. To design the building, the company hired Dutch architect Nicolaas van den Arend, who had come to Colorado Springs in 1904 because his wife suffered from tuberculosis. In a nod to the ancestry he shared with Artus Van Briggle, he planned a building that resembled a Dutch farmhouse, with Flemish bond brickwork and a variety of gables and small porches.</p> <p>Construction started in summer 1907. The building incorporated important contributions from Anne Van Briggle and company superintendent Frank Riddle. Riddle designed two large kilns that sat in the middle of the building and supported a pair of rounded smokestacks that rose from the roof; they made it possible to get better combustion with less smoke. Meanwhile, Anne Van Briggle and her assistant Emma Kinkead worked for more than a year at the company’s factory on North Nevada Avenue to churn out thousands of tile and terra cotta pieces that Van Briggle had designed as interior and exterior decorations for the new building.</p> <p>By September 1908 the new plant was fully operational. The south-facing building had three basic sections: a center wing and two wings that projected south from either side. The center wing was dominated by Riddle’s two large kilns. The east wing housed the pottery side of the company and included an etching room, greenware room, lab, dryer, damp box, and two studios. Anne Van Briggle’s studio was at the southern end of the east wing and featured a tile fireplace of her own design. The west wing of the building housed offices for the sales side of the company. At the southern end of the west wing was an elaborate salesroom with a tile floor, tile wall panels, and tile fireplace designed by Anne Van Briggle.</p> <p>On December 3, 1908, the company held an opening ceremony attended by about 600 people. Over the next few years, tourists continued to visit the building to see its architecture, get a free tour, and perhaps buy tiles, terra cotta, or pottery. At the time, the company was the only maker of art tiles between Chicago and Los Angeles, and its building was one of only a few art pottery plants in the country that were open to the public.</p> <h2>Troubles and Change</h2> <p>The expense of the pottery building—reportedly as high as $100,000—took a toll on the company’s bottom line. Despite continued praise for its products, the company could not find a large enough market for art tiles and pottery to stay afloat. In 1910 the company declared bankruptcy, and in 1912 Anne Van Briggle left to focus on her original passion, painting.</p> <p>Over the next decade the company and the building went through several changes in ownership. A June 1919 fire destroyed much of the building’s central wing, but it was rebuilt essentially the same as the original. In the early 1920s, the brothers Ira and Jesse Lewis finally brought financial stability to the company. They focused increasingly on selling to tourists and made the building’s salesroom the only place to buy Van Briggle pottery.</p> <p>In 1935 a devastating flood of Monument Creek wreaked havoc on the Van Briggle building, taking out its eastern wall and destroying many company records and original pottery molds. The whole building was filled with several feet of water, which dragged pieces of pottery as far away as Fountain, about fifteen miles south. After the waters receded, the company remodeled the east wing, and by the start of World War II it was attracting about 50,000 visitors per year.</p> <p>In the early 1950s, plans for what is now <strong>Interstate 25</strong> looked as if they would require relocating the pottery’s operations. Owner Jesse Lewis and master potter Clem Hull acquired the recently vacated <a href="/article/midland-roundhouse"><strong>Midland Roundhouse</strong></a> building and renovated it from a railroad shop into a working pottery. Meanwhile, the existing Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building was saved when the freeway ended up being routed about a block to the west. The Roundhouse pottery opened in 1955, and the company used both locations until the late 1960s.</p> <h2>Colorado College Facilities Services</h2> <p>In 1968 Van Briggle consolidated its operations at the Midland Roundhouse, which was closer to the city’s main tourist attractions. The company sold the Memorial Pottery Building to Colorado College, whose main campus lay just across Monument Creek. With the help of several large donations, the college spent two years restoring the building’s exterior and renovating the interior to house the Facilities Services Department. The building’s huge kilns were removed and a framework of steel beams was installed to support the distinctive smokestacks above. The original tilework in the salesroom and Anne Van Briggle’s studio remained largely intact.</p> <p>The Memorial Pottery Building has now housed the Colorado College’s Facilities Services department for more than forty-five years. The college continues to invest in the building’s maintenance and restoration. In 2001 the kiln chimneys were repaired, and in 2006 lightning rods were installed to prevent further damage to the building’s terra cotta.</p> <p>In 2009 the pottery building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Woman’s Educational Society of Colorado College hosts an annual Historic Van Briggle Pottery Festival that features guided tours of the building.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/van-briggle-pottery" hreflang="en">Van Briggle Pottery</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/artus-van-briggle" hreflang="en">Artus Van Briggle</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/anne-van-briggle" hreflang="en">Anne Van Briggle</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/nicolaas-van-den-arend" hreflang="en">Nicolaas van den Arend</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-college" hreflang="en">Colorado College</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Barbara M. Arnest, ed., <em>Van Briggle Pottery: The Early Years</em> (Colorado Springs, CO: Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, 1975).</p> <p>Dorothy McGraw Bogue, <em>The Van Briggle Story</em> (Colorado Springs, CO: Dentan-Berkeland, 1968).</p> <p>R. Laurie Simmons and Thomas H. Simmons, “<a href="https://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/OAHP/NRSR/5EP614.pdf">Van Briggle Pottery Company</a>,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (March 5, 2009).</p> <p>Molly Wingate and Linda Crissey, <em>The Van Briggle Pottery Building: A Walking Tour</em> (Colorado Springs, CO: Women’s Educational Society of the Colorado College, 2008).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="http://www.vanbriggle.com/">Van Briggle Pottery &amp; Tile</a></p> <p>Andrew Wineke, “<a href="https://gazette.com/historic-roundhouse-is-once-again-in-motion/article/44380/">Historic roundhouse is once again in motion</a>,” <em>The Gazette</em> (CO Springs), December 3, 2008.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>The Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building is famous. Architect Nicolaas van den Arend designed it. It was built in Colorado Springs in 1907-8. Thousands of colorful clay tiles decorate it.<strong> Anne Van Briggle</strong> designed those. The building was an art studio, factory, and store. In 1968 the company moved. <strong>Colorado College</strong> bought the building.</p> <h2>Van Briggle Pottery</h2> <p>In 1899 pottery maker <strong>Artus Van Briggle</strong>&nbsp;was sick. He had&nbsp;<a href="/article/tuberculosis-colorado"><strong>tuberculosis</strong></a>, a lung disease. He left Ohio. People thought Colorado’s dry air was a cure. Artus moved to Colorado Springs. The next year his fiancée joined him. Anne Gregory had been a painter. Now, she became Artus’s partner. They formed the Van Briggle Pottery Company in April 1902. They married two months later.</p> <p>Art Nouveau (“new art”) was popular. It used nature as a model. Lines were curved, like the curves of plants. Artus and Anne used this style in their pottery. People around the world loved it. The Van Briggles received many awards. But Artus’s health got worse. On July 4, 1904, he died.</p> <h2>Memorial Pottery Plant</h2> <p>Anne became the president. She made Artus’s designs and her own. She wanted a better pottery plant. It would show off their award-winning tiles. It would also be a memorial to her husband.</p> <p>The spot chosen was on the west bank of Monument Creek. It was next to&nbsp;<strong>Monument Valley Park</strong>. The company hired architect Nicolaas van den Arend. Van Briggle and van den Arend are Dutch names. Their families both came from the Netherlands. The building would look like a Dutch farmhouse. Even the pattern of bricklaying was Dutch.</p> <p>Work began in 1907. To harden the clay tiles, the building needed ovens. The factory manager designed two large pottery ovens. These are called kilns. Rounded smokestacks went out the roof. Anne and her assistant created thousands of tile and clay pieces. These decorated the new building.</p> <p>By September 1908, work was done. The building had three sections. The center had the kilns. The workshops and Anne’s studio were on the east. The west had offices and a salesroom. Its floor, wall panels, and fireplace were all made of tiles.</p> <h2>Troubles and Change</h2> <p>The building was impressive, but it had cost too much. The company was losing money. There were not enough buyers for art tiles. In 1910 the business declared bankruptcy. Two years later, Anne Van Briggle left. In the early 1920s, owners Ira and Jesse Lewis helped the company make money again.</p> <p>In 1919 there was a fire. In 1935 there was a flood. The company recovered from both disasters and remodeled. By 1941 the building was getting almost 50,000 visitors a year.</p> <p>The next problem was manmade. In the early 1950s, the new <strong>Interstate 25</strong>&nbsp;was being planned. People thought the Van Briggle building would be right in its path. The company bought a new building, the <strong>Midland Roundhouse</strong>. It had been a railroad shop. Now it would be a pottery factory. But the highway ended up being about a block away. The Memorial Building was saved. The Roundhouse building opened in 1955. The company used both spots until the late 1960s.</p> <h2>Colorado College Facilities Services</h2> <p>In 1968 Van Briggle moved everything to the Roundhouse. Colorado College bought the Memorial Pottery Building. Their campus lay just across the creek. In 2009 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Each fall, there is a Van Briggle Pottery Festival. It features special tours of this historic building.&nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>The Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building was built in 1907–8 in <strong>Colorado Springs</strong>. It was designed by architect Nicolaas van den Arend for Anne Van Briggle, who designed more than 5,000 tile and terra cotta pieces for the building. The building served as the company’s salesroom, pottery plant, and headquarters. In 1968 the pottery company moved and the building was sold to nearby&nbsp;<strong>Colorado College</strong>. Now, it houses the school’s Facilities Services department.</p> <h2>Van Briggle Pottery</h2> <p>In 1899 pottery maker&nbsp;<strong>Artus Van Briggle</strong>&nbsp;moved to Colorado Springs from Cincinnati. He was trying to recover from&nbsp;<a href="/article/tuberculosis-colorado"><strong>tuberculosis</strong></a>. In 1900 his fiancée, Anne Gregory, joined him. Trained as a painter, she became his partner in the pottery business. In 1901 they opened a showroom and pottery plant on North Nevada Avenue. By that December they had pieces ready for sale. They officially incorporated the Van Briggle Pottery Company in April 1902. They married two months later. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Art Nouveau (“new art”) was a popular style at the time. It drew its inspiration from nature, especially the curved lines of plants. The Van Briggles used this style in their pottery. Their work gained praise from around the country and the world. But Artus Van Briggle’s health continued to decline. Anne took on more responsibility for the company. On July 4, 1904, Artus Van Briggle died of tuberculosis.</p> <h2>Memorial Pottery Plant</h2> <p>After the death of her husband, Anne became president. She still produced his designs and added some of her own. In 1907 the company started to produce art tiles. Anne Van Briggle began planning a better pottery plant. It would serve as a showcase for the company’s wares as well as a memorial to her husband.</p> <p>The new pottery plant was a factory, but it was a factory designed to impress and inspire. The site was located on the west bank of Monument Creek next to&nbsp;<strong>Monument Valley Park</strong>. To design the building, the company hired architect Nicolaas van den Arend. He had come to Colorado Springs in 1904 because his wife suffered from tuberculosis. Like the Van Briggles, his ancestry was Dutch. The building he planned looked like a Dutch farmhouse. It featured special brickwork in a pattern called Flemish bond. It also had a variety of gables and small porches.</p> <p>Construction started in summer 1907. Company superintendent Frank Riddle designed two large pottery ovens, or kilns. These supported a pair of rounded smokestacks that rose from the roof. These provided better combustion with less smoke. Meanwhile, Anne Van Briggle and her assistant Emma Kinkead created thousands of tile and terra cotta pieces to decorate the new building.</p> <p>The new plant was ready by September 1908. The south-facing building had three basic sections: a center wing and a wing on each side. The center wing featured the two large kilns. The east wing housed the pottery side of the company. It included a laboratory and an etching room where designs were marked onto the clay. Anne Van Briggle’s studio was at the southern end of the east wing. The west wing of the building had sales offices and a beautiful salesroom. Its floor, wall panels, and fireplace were all made of tiles designed by Anne Van Briggle. At the time, the company was the only maker of art tiles between Chicago and Los Angeles, and its building was one of only a few such plants in the country that were open to the public.</p> <h2>Troubles and Change</h2> <p>The building was beautiful, but it was expensive. The company was losing money. Despite continued praise for its products, there was not a large enough market for art tiles. In 1910 the company declared bankruptcy. Two years later, Anne Van Briggle left to focus on her original passion, painting.</p> <p>Over the next decades, the company and the building changed owners several times. It survived both a fire in 1919 and a devastating flood in 1935. Each time the company renovated and remodeled. By the start of World War II, it was attracting about 50,000 visitors per year.</p> <p>In the early 1950s, it looked as if the Van Briggle building would be in the way of the new <strong>Interstate 25</strong>. Owner Jesse Lewis and master potter Clem Hull bought a new building, the <strong>Midland Roundhouse</strong>&nbsp;building. They renovated it from a railroad roundhouse into a working pottery factory. Meanwhile, the existing Van Briggle building was saved. The freeway ended up being routed about a block to the west. The Roundhouse pottery opened in 1955, and the company used both locations until the late 1960s.</p> <h2>Colorado College Facilities Services</h2> <p>In 1968 Van Briggle moved all its operations to the Midland Roundhouse, which was closer to the city’s tourist attractions. Colorado College, whose main campus lay just across Monument Creek, bought the Memorial Pottery Building. The college spent two years restoring the building’s exterior and renovating the interior. The building’s huge kilns were removed, and a framework of steel beams was installed to support the smokestacks above. The original tilework in the salesroom and Anne Van Briggle’s studio remained largely intact.</p> <p>The Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building has housed Colorado College’s Facilities Services department for nearly a half century. The college continues to maintain and restore the building. In 2009 the pottery building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Woman’s Educational Society of Colorado College hosts an annual Historic Van Briggle Pottery Festival that features guided tours of the building.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>Built in 1907–8, the Van Briggle Memorial Pottery Building in&nbsp;<strong>Colorado Springs</strong>&nbsp;was designed by architect Nicolaas van den Arend. It served as the company’s salesroom, pottery plant, and headquarters. The building is one of the most important tile installations in the United States. It incorporates more than 5,000 tile and terra cotta components designed by&nbsp;Anne Van Briggle. In 1968 the pottery company moved and the building was sold to nearby&nbsp;<strong>Colorado College</strong>. Now, it houses the school’s Facilities Services department.</p> <h2>Van Briggle Pottery</h2> <p>In 1899 pottery maker&nbsp;<strong>Artus Van Briggle</strong>&nbsp;moved to Colorado Springs from Cincinnati. He was trying to recover from&nbsp;<a href="/article/tuberculosis-colorado"><strong>tuberculosis</strong></a>. In 1900 his fiancée, Anne Gregory, joined him. Trained as a painter, she became his partner in the pottery business. In 1901 they opened a showroom and pottery plant on North Nevada Avenue. By that December they had pieces ready for sale. They officially incorporated the Van Briggle Pottery Company in April 1902. Initial investors included&nbsp;<strong>William Jackson Palmer</strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Winfield Scott Stratton</strong>, and other members of the city’s elite.</p> <p>The Van Briggles were married in June 1902. They experienced considerable success over the next two years. Their work applied the Art Nouveau style’s emphasis on natural forms to pottery, generating praise from around the country and world. For instance, Van Briggle pieces won medals at the prestigious Paris Salon of 1903. But Artus Van Briggle’s health continued to decline. Anne took on more responsibility for the company. On July 4, 1904, Artus Van Briggle died.</p> <h2>Memorial Pottery Plant</h2> <p>After the death of Artus Van Briggle, the company was reorganized. Anne became president. She continued to produce his old designs and added some of her own. She gradually expanded the range of production to bring in more revenue. In 1907 the company started to produce art tiles. Anne Van Briggle began to plan for a larger and better pottery plant. It would also serve as a showcase for the company’s wares and a memorial to her husband.</p> <p>The new pottery plant was a factory at its core, but the setting and architecture were designed to impress visitors and inspire workers. William Jackson Palmer provided a picturesque site for the building on the west bank of Monument Creek adjacent to&nbsp;<strong>Monument Valley Park</strong>. To design the building, the company hired Dutch architect Nicolaas van den Arend. He had come to Colorado Springs in 1904 because his wife suffered from tuberculosis. In a nod to the families’ shared Dutch ancestry, he planned a building for Van Briggle that resembled a Dutch farmhouse. It featured Flemish bond brickwork and a variety of gables and small porches.</p> <p>Construction started in summer 1907. The building incorporated important contributions from Anne Van Briggle and company superintendent Frank Riddle. Riddle designed two large kilns that sat in the middle of the building. By supporting a pair of rounded smokestacks that rose from the roof, they made it possible to get better combustion with less smoke. Meanwhile, Anne Van Briggle and her assistant Emma Kinkead worked for more than a year at the company’s factory on North Nevada Avenue, churning out thousands of tile and terra cotta pieces that Van Briggle had designed as interior and exterior decorations for the new building.</p> <p>By September 1908, the new plant was fully operational. The south-facing building had three basic sections: a center wing and two wings that projected south from either side. The center wing was dominated by Riddle’s two large kilns. The east wing housed the pottery side of the company and included an etching room, greenware room, lab, dryer, damp box, and two studios. Anne Van Briggle’s studio was at the southern end of the east wing. It featured a tile fireplace of her own design. The west wing of the building housed offices for the sales side of the company. At the southern end of the west wing was an elaborate salesroom, with a tile floor, tile wall panels, and tile fireplace designed by Anne Van Briggle.</p> <p>On December 3, 1908, the company held an opening ceremony attended by about 600 people. Over the next few years, tourists continued to visit the building to see its architecture, get a free tour, and buy tiles, terra cotta, or pottery. At the time, the company was the only maker of art tiles between Chicago and Los Angeles, and its building was one of only a few art pottery plants in the country that were open to the public.</p> <h2>Troubles and Change</h2> <p>The expense of the pottery building—reportedly as high as $100,000—took a toll on the company’s bottom line. Despite continued praise for its products, the company could not find a large enough market for art tiles and pottery to stay afloat. In 1910 the company declared bankruptcy. Two years later, Anne Van Briggle left to focus on her original passion, painting.</p> <p>Over the next decade, the company and the building went through several changes in ownership. A fire in June 1919 destroyed much of the building’s central wing, but it was rebuilt essentially the same as the original. In the early 1920s, brothers Ira and Jesse Lewis finally brought financial stability to the company. They focused increasingly on selling to tourists and made the building’s salesroom the only place to buy Van Briggle pottery.</p> <p>In 1935 a devastating flood wreaked havoc on the Van Briggle building, taking out its eastern wall and destroying many company records and original pottery molds. The whole building was filled with several feet of water. Pieces of pottery were washed downstream as far away as the town of Fountain, about fifteen miles south. After the waters receded, the company remodeled the east wing. By the start of World War II, it was attracting about 50,000 visitors per year.</p> <p>In the early 1950s, plans for what is now&nbsp;<strong>Interstate 25</strong>&nbsp;looked as if they would require relocating the pottery’s operations. Owner Jesse Lewis and master potter Clem Hull acquired the recently vacated&nbsp;<strong>Midland Roundhouse</strong>&nbsp;building and renovated it from a railroad roundhouse into a working pottery. Meanwhile, the existing Van Briggle building was saved when the freeway ended up being routed about a block to the west. The Roundhouse pottery opened in 1955, and the company used both locations until the late 1960s.</p> <h2>Colorado College Facilities Services</h2> <p>In 1968 Van Briggle consolidated its operations at the Midland Roundhouse, which was closer to the city’s main tourist attractions. The company sold the Memorial Pottery Building to Colorado College, whose main campus lay just across Monument Creek. With the help of several large donations, the college spent two years restoring the building’s exterior and renovating the interior to house the Facilities Services Department. The building’s huge kilns were removed, and a framework of steel beams was installed to support the distinctive smokestacks. The original tilework in the salesroom and Anne Van Briggle’s studio remained largely intact.</p> <p>The Memorial Pottery Building has now housed Colorado College’s Facilities Services department for nearly half a century. The college continues to invest in the building’s maintenance and restoration. In 2001 the kiln chimneys were repaired, and in 2006 lightning rods were installed to prevent further damage to the building’s terra cotta.</p> <p>In 2009 the pottery building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Each fall, the Woman’s Educational Society of Colorado College hosts a Historic Van Briggle Pottery Festival that features guided tours of the building.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Tue, 22 Nov 2016 20:31:31 +0000 yongli 2097 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org