%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/iglesia-de-san-francisco-de-assisi <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2090--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2090.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/iglesia-de-san-francisco-de-assisi"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Iglesia_de_San_Francisco_de_Assisi_0.jpg?itok=yN4k-ESI" width="1000" height="945" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/iglesia-de-san-francisco-de-assisi" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Built in the 1950s, Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi shows how the local parish adapted modern construction techniques such as concrete blocks and casement windows to traditional ecclesiastical architecture. The churchyard has a small model of the building (bottom left), which the community takes to San Luis during Holy Week for religious observances.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-11-18T17:24:15-07:00" title="Friday, November 18, 2016 - 17:24" class="datetime">Fri, 11/18/2016 - 17:24</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/iglesia-de-san-francisco-de-assisi" data-a2a-title="Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Figlesia-de-san-francisco-de-assisi&amp;title=Iglesia%20de%20San%20Francisco%20de%20Assisi"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located in <strong>San Francisco</strong> in the southeastern <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>, Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi is a Catholic church featuring Gothic and Mission Revival elements. Constructed in the 1950s using concrete blocks and casement windows, the building shows how the local parish adapted modern building techniques to traditional ecclesiastical architecture after World War II. In 2012 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1853–54, the town of San Francisco was established as one of the earliest settlements in the San Luis Valley. Located about nine miles southeast of <strong>San Luis</strong>, it was started by Hispano settlers along San Francisco Creek and named after the town’s patron saint, St. Francis. Like other early Hispano villages in the area, San Francisco organized quickly to provide for two of the community’s most pressing needs: water and worship. By 1860 the settlers had dug San Francisco Ditch for <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/irrigation-colorado"><strong>irrigation</strong></a> and established a rustic oratorio (chapel) or other simple space for worship.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The first formal church in San Francisco was built around the time Sangre de Cristo Parish was established in the 1880s. By 1889, an adobe chapel with twenty-four-inch walls and a flat roof was in use just west of the present church. After Father Samuel García became pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish in 1894, he probably added a gabled roof and tower to the chapel, giving it an appearance similar to that of <strong>Capilla de San Isidro</strong> in <strong>Los Fuertes</strong>, a single-nave adobe church constructed around the same time.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the mid-twentieth century, the adobe chapel had structural problems so severe that the community decided to replace the building rather than repair it. In 1950 they started to build a new church using funding from Catholic Extension, a crucial source of assistance for small villages in <a href="/article/costilla-county"><strong>Costilla County</strong></a> that could not finance a church on their own. Construction was overseen by Father <strong>Onofre Martorell</strong>, the longtime pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish and a noted church builder whose influence can be seen in towns throughout the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi was among the last churches Martorell built during his tenure and reflected a shift to modern construction materials while still retaining the basic forms and feel of a traditional adobe mission church. Underneath a white cement stucco coating, the church in San Francisco was made of concrete blocks rather than adobe and had casement windows with clear glass. Designed by assistant pastor Father Pedro Verd, the building combined Gothic and Mission Revival elements, with two crenellated towers framing a central bay topped by a cross. The interior had white stucco walls, wooden flooring and pews, and a carved wooden altar with statues of St. Francis, Mary, and Jesus.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Although construction started in 1950, the new church was not consecrated until November 6, 1960. In the meantime, the village continued to use the old adobe chapel for religious services and community events. Photographs show that the old chapel still stood as late as 1962, but no evidence of it remains today.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi continues to play an important role in the local community. During the summer, a priest from Sangre de Cristo Parish conducts Mass at each local mission church in the area, including San Francisco. Mass is still conducted in Spanish. In addition, the community gathers at the church during Holy Week before carrying a model of the church to San Luis for religious observances.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/hispano-settlers" hreflang="en">Hispano settlers</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/culebra-creek" hreflang="en">Culebra Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/onofre-martorell" hreflang="en">Onofre Martorell</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>“Iglesia de San Francisco de Assisi,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (October 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>María Mondragón Valdez, <em>Casa del Señor: A Brief History of Sangre de Cristo Parish Church and Its Missions</em> (María Mondragón Valdez, 2001).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em>, ed. Arturo Aldama (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Arnold A. and Maria Valdez, <em>The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County: Village Architecture and Its Historical Context, 1851–1940</em> (San Luis, CO: Valdez and Associates, 1991).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Sat, 19 Nov 2016 00:24:15 +0000 yongli 2089 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Capilla de San Isidro http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/capilla-de-san-isidro <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capilla de San Isidro</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2085--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2085.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/capilla-de-san-isidro"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Capilla_de_San_Isidro_%28Costilla_County%2C_Colorado%29_0.jpg?itok=PDH0Zpzw" width="1000" height="919" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/capilla-de-san-isidro" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capilla de San Isidro</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Built about 1894, Capilla de San Isidro is a Catholic church in Los Fuertes. Constructed in the Territorial Adobe style, it has adobe walls with a cement stucco coating as well as a gabled roof and cupola.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-11-18T17:16:40-07:00" title="Friday, November 18, 2016 - 17:16" class="datetime">Fri, 11/18/2016 - 17:16</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/capilla-de-san-isidro" data-a2a-title="Capilla de San Isidro"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcapilla-de-san-isidro&amp;title=Capilla%20de%20San%20Isidro"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Built in about 1894, Capilla de San Isidro is a Catholic church in Los Fuertes in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>. The church is dedicated to St. Isidore, the patron saint of farming, and continues to play an important role in the local community, with Mass celebrated in Spanish during the summer. In 2013 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Located along Vallejos Creek between San Pablo and San Francisco, Los Fuertes was established in the 1850s by Hispano settlers moving north from New Mexico. As in other villages in the area, the settlers in Los Fuertes put their town under the spiritual protection of a saint to whom they dedicated their place of worship. In Los Fuertes, that saint-protector was San Isidro Labrador (St. Isidore the Farmer), whose feast day on May 15 was celebrated by many villages in the largely agricultural region during spring planting.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The first space for worship in Los Fuertes—as in the other Hispano villages in the Culebra Creek area—was probably a private chapel or rustic oratorio constructed soon after the town was settled. Los Fuertes probably built a more substantial oratorio (chapel) in the 1870s, after <strong>San Luis</strong> became an independent parish and started to minister to mission churches in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In about 1894, the oratorio was replaced by Capilla de San Isidro. Originally the single-story adobe church may have had a flat roof in the Hispanic Adobe style. At some point Father Samuel García, the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1894 to 1921, modernized San Isidro with a gabled roof and cupola, Anglo design elements that made the building a good example of the Territorial Adobe style. Inside the church had brown plaster walls, a flat ceiling, a wooden floor, and wooden benches.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Isidro received minor updates during the tenure of Father <strong>Onofre Martorell</strong>, who served as pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1933 to 1962. Martorell stabilized or rebuilt most of the churches in the parish. At San Isidro he probably added a cement stucco coating to the adobe walls to seal out moisture and reinforced the foundation with a concrete apron. In addition, a small vestibule was built at the south-facing entry to add some space and prevent drafts. Since those slight alterations in the 1930s, the building has remained basically unchanged.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Isidro still plays a central role in the local community. During the summer, a priest from Sangre de Cristo Parish conducts Mass at each local mission church in the area, including San Isidro. Mass is still conducted in Spanish. In addition, the community gathers at the church during Holy Week before carrying a model of the church to San Luis for religious observances. The community also gathers at the church in May for the Feast of San Isidro and throughout the year for a variety of community events and religious celebrations.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/los-fuertes" hreflang="en">Los Fuertes</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/catholicism" hreflang="en">Catholicism</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/onofre-martorell" hreflang="en">Onofre Martorell</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Astrid Liverman and Heather Bailey, “Capilla de San Isidro,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (January 2013).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Arnold Valdez, “San Isidro Church,” Colorado Historic Building Inventory Record (September 22, 1990).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>María Mondragón Valdez, <em>Casa del Señor: A Brief History of Sangre de Cristo Parish Church and Its Missions</em> (María Mondragón Valdez, 2001).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em>, ed. Arturo Aldama (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Arnold A. and Maria Valdez, <em>The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County: Village Architecture and Its Historical Context, 1851–1940</em> (San Luis, CO: Valdez and Associates, 1991).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>In the middle of the 1800s, Hispano settlers left New Mexico. They moved north into the San Luis Valley of Colorado. In the 1850s, they founded the village of Los Fuertes. The settlers were mostly farmers. They asked a saint named San Isidro Labrador (Saint Isidore the Farmer) to protect them.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>At first, villages had small oratorios, or chapels. These are places to give sermons. Homes had private chapels. A larger chapel was built in the 1870s. Then, about 1894, Los Fuertes built a new church. They named it Capilla de San Isidro (the Church of Saint Isidore). San Isidro’s feast day is May 15. People celebrated this feast when they planted spring crops.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>At first, this church had one story and a flat roof. This is the Hispanic Adobe style. Father Samuel García was the pastor. He served from 1894 to 1921. He added a gabled roof and cupola. These changes made it part of the Territorial Adobe style. Inside, it had a wooden floor and benches. The walls were brown plaster.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Later, Father Onofre Martorell became pastor. He served Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1933 to 1962. The priest rebuilt many of the local churches. Cement stucco was put on the adobe walls. This sealed out moisture. A concrete apron made the base stronger. A small room was added. This gave space and prevented drafts. Since then, the building is mostly unchanged.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Capilla de San Isidro is still used and loved. In the summers, a priest comes. He conducts Mass in Spanish. During Holy Week, the community gathers. They carry a model of the church to San Luis for blessings. And in May they still celebrate the Feast of San Isidro. </p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>The Capilla de San Isidro is a Catholic Church located in Los Fuertes, in Colorado’s San Luis Valley. Built in about 1894, it was dedicated to the patron saint of farming. Saint Isidore the Farmer’s feast day is May 15. In this agricultural region, many villages celebrated his feast day during spring planting. Today, the church continues to play an important role in the local community.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the mid-1800s, Hispano settlers moved north from New Mexico into Colorado. They founded the village of Los Fuertes in the 1850s. It was located along Vallejos Creek, between San Pablo and San Francisco. Settlers in these Hispano villages typically built private oratorios, or chapels, soon after the towns were settled. The custom was to put towns under the spiritual protection of a saint. In Los Fuertes, that saint-protector was San Isidro Labrador (Saint Isidore the Farmer).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the 1870s, the Catholic church in the town of San Luis had become an independent parish. It ministered to local mission churches in the area, including San Isidro. At that time, a larger chapel was likely built to replace the original oratorio.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In about 1894, that too was replaced. The new church was one story. It may have had a flat roof. This building style is known as Hispanic Adobe. Father Samuel García was the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1894 to 1921. He modernized San Isidro with a gabled roof and cupola. These Anglo design elements made the building a good example of the Territorial Adobe style. Inside, the church had a wooden floor and benches, brown plaster walls, and a flat ceiling.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Father Onofre Martorell was the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1933 to 1962. He stabilized or rebuilt most of the churches in the parish. He likely added a cement stucco coating to the adobe walls. This sealed out moisture. The foundation was reinforced with a concrete apron. In addition, a small vestibule was built on the southern entry. This both added space and prevent drafts. Since then, the building has remained basically unchanged.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Isidro still plays a central role in the local community. During the summer, Mass is still conducted in Spanish. During Holy Week, the community gathers at the church. They carry a model of the church to San Luis for religious observances. The community also gathers at the church in May for the Feast of San Isidro.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>The Capilla de San Isidro, or Chapel of Saint Isidore, is a Catholic Church in Los Fuertes, in Colorado’s San Luis Valley. It was built in about 1894. Saint Isidore is the patron saint of farming, and the church continues to play an important role in this largely agricultural community. Mass is celebrated in Spanish during the summer.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hispano settlers moving north from New Mexico established Los Fuertes in the 1850s. They founded the village along Vallejos Creek, between San Pablo and San Francisco. As was customary in the area, the settlers placed their new town under the spiritual protection of a saint. In Los Fuertes, that saint-protector was San Isidro Labrador (Saint Isidore the Farmer). Many villages in this region celebrated his feast day on May 15 during spring planting.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The settlers in Los Fuertes and other Hispano villages typically built private oratorios, or chapels, soon after the towns were settled. A more substantial chapel was likely built in the 1870s. By this time, the Catholic church in the larger town of San Luis had an independent parish ministering to local mission churches in the area. </p>&#13; &#13; <p>In about 1894, the original oratorio was replaced by the Capilla de San Isidro. The church was one story and may have had a flat roof in the Hispanic Adobe style. Father Samuel García was the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1894 to 1921. He modernized San Isidro with a gabled roof and cupola. These Anglo design elements made the building a good example of the Territorial Adobe style. Inside, the church had a wooden floor, brown plaster walls, a flat ceiling, and wooden benches.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>During the tenure of Father Onofre Martorell, the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1933 to 1962, the building received minor updates. Father Martorell stabilized or rebuilt most of the churches in the parish. He likely added a cement stucco coating to the adobe walls that sealed out moisture. The foundation was reinforced with a concrete apron. In addition, a small vestibule was built on the southern entry to both add space and prevent drafts. Since those slight alterations in the 1930s, the building has remained basically unchanged.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Isidro still plays a central role in the local community. During the summer, a priest from Sangre de Cristo Parish conducts Mass in Spanish at each local mission church in the area, including San Isidro. In addition, the community gathers at the church during Holy Week. They then carry a model of the church to San Luis for religious observances. The community also comes together at the church in May for the Feast of San Isidro and throughout the year for a variety of community events and religious celebrations.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Sat, 19 Nov 2016 00:16:40 +0000 yongli 2086 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/iglesia-de-san-pedro-y-san-pablo <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2007--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2007.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/iglesia-de-san-pedro-y-san-pablo"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Iglesia_de_San_Pedro_y_San_Pablo.jpg?itok=tnjhqHFh" width="1090" height="933" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/iglesia-de-san-pedro-y-san-pablo" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Located in San Pedro near Culebra Creek, Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo was built in 1933–34 under the supervision of Father Onofre Martorell. During Holy Week, the community carries a small model of the church (bottom right) to San Luis for religious observances.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-10-31T11:49:43-06:00" title="Monday, October 31, 2016 - 11:49" class="datetime">Mon, 10/31/2016 - 11:49</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/iglesia-de-san-pedro-y-san-pablo" data-a2a-title="Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Figlesia-de-san-pedro-y-san-pablo&amp;title=Iglesia%20de%20San%20Pedro%20y%20San%20Pablo"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located in San Pedro in the<strong> <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley">San Luis Valley</a></strong>, Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo (Church of St. Peter and St. Paul) is a Catholic church built in 1933–34 under the supervision of Father <strong>Onofre Martorell</strong>. The cruciform-plan Territorial Adobe building continues to serve as an important community center, with Mass celebrated in Spanish during the summer. In 2012 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Worship in San Pedro and San Pablo</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>On opposite sides of Culebra Creek in the San Luis Valley, the closely connected communities of <strong>San Pedro and San Pablo</strong> were among the first towns established by Hispano settlers moving north from New Mexico in the early 1850s. The towns have always collaborated on space for religious worship. As with other early Hispano towns in the San Luis Valley, the towns took their name from the saints that the settlers chose as their spiritual protectors.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The first place of worship in the two villages was a small chapel built south of the present church in 1859, probably a simple chapel made of upright logs plastered with clay. This is the first documented non–native formal religious space in <a href="/article/costilla-county"><strong>Costilla County</strong></a>, although it is possible that other towns along Culebra Creek had earlier chapels in private homes.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Community members belonging to the lay fraternal group <strong>La Sociedad de Nuestro Padre Jesus Nazareno </strong>(also known as Los Hermanos Penitentes, the Penitent Brothers) probably helped build the chapel and served the villages’ spiritual needs until Sangre de Cristo Parish was established in the 1880s. The towns were known for a Holy Week reenactment of the Passion of the Christ that was so dramatic that soldiers from <a href="/article/fort-garland-0"><strong>Fort Garland</strong></a> supposedly rushed there one year in the 1860s to try to save the man who was supposed to reenact the crucifixion. According to tradition, the community made so much noise at the intrusion that the soldiers’ frightened horses turned and fled back to the fort.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>New Buildings</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>By the early 1890s, the chapel in San Pedro and San Pablo was so badly deteriorated that services were probably being held in a different building. In 1893 a new chapel was constructed in San Pedro. It was a simple building in the Territorial adobe style (made of adobe but with some Anglo design elements, such as a pitched roof), with a dirt floor and no pews. The community donated metal items and melted them down to cast the church bell.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1933 a fire destroyed the capilla. The new pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish, Father Onofre Martorell, oversaw the construction of a new church on the same site. It was the first of many churches that Martorell built or restored during his long tenure as head of Sangre de Cristo Parish, which lasted until 1966. Completed in 1934, Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo had a single-story cruciform plan with an eastern nave entrance topped by a tower and wooden cross. Inside, the church had plaster walls, a vaulted ceiling, and a full balcony over the eastern entrance. The tripartite reredos, decorative screens behind the altar, featured statues of Jesus, St. Peter, and St. Paul. Martorell used a similar church design a few years later for the reconstruction of <a href="/article/iglesia-de-la-inmaculada-concepci%C3%B3n"><strong>Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción</strong></a> in nearby Chama.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1941 another fire struck the church. The fire did not destroy the building, but it severely damaged the walls and roof. Local workers Felix and Lucas Serna rebuilt the roof and repaired the walls that summer, shortening the building by ten feet on the east side. Probably at the same time, the exterior adobe walls, which originally had an earthen plaster finish, were covered with cement stucco to protect them from moisture. Single-story additions were built at the northwest and southwest corners of the cross-shaped building to provide more space for storage. The church was rededicated in July 1942.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>With its cheery exterior of bright white stucco and blue trim, Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo still plays a central role in the local community. During the summer a priest from Sangre de Cristo Parish conducts Mass at each local mission church in the area, including San Pedro y San Pablo. Mass is still conducted in Spanish. In addition, the community gathers at the church during Holy Week before carrying a model of the church to <strong>San Luis</strong> for religious observances. The community also gathers at the church in January for the Feast of St. Paul and in June for the Feast of St. Peter, when local officials are chosen and money is raised for church maintenance.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-pedro" hreflang="en">San Pedro</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-pablo" hreflang="en">San Pablo</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/culebra-creek" hreflang="en">Culebra Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/catholicism" hreflang="en">Catholicism</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/territorial-adobe" hreflang="en">Territorial Adobe</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/onofre-martorell" hreflang="en">Onofre Martorell</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>María Mondragón Valdez, <em>Casa del Señor: A Brief History of Sangre de Cristo Parish Church and Its Missions</em> (María Mondragón Valdez, 2001).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>María Mondragón-Valdéz, Heather L. Bailey, and Astrid Liverman, “Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (July 2011).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in Arturo Aldama, ed., <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em> (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Arnold A. and Maria Valdez, <em>The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County: Village Architecture and Its Historical Context, 1851–1940</em> (San Luis, CO: Valdez and Associates, 1991).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 31 Oct 2016 17:49:43 +0000 yongli 2008 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/iglesia-de-la-inmaculada-concepcion <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-10-28T11:01:23-06:00" title="Friday, October 28, 2016 - 11:01" class="datetime">Fri, 10/28/2016 - 11:01</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/iglesia-de-la-inmaculada-concepcion" data-a2a-title="Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Figlesia-de-la-inmaculada-concepcion&amp;title=Iglesia%20de%20la%20Inmaculada%20Concepci%C3%B3n"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located in <strong>Chama</strong> in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>, Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción (Church of the Immaculate Conception) is a Catholic church built in 1938 under the supervision of Father <strong>Onofre Martorell</strong>. It continues to serve as an important community center, with Mass celebrated in Spanish during the summer. In 2012 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Worship in Chama</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Settled around 1864 by Hispanos moving north from New Mexico, Chama was originally known as Culebra because of its location along <strong>Culebra Creek</strong>. Like other early Hispano towns in the San Luis Valley, the first place of worship was a small chapel on the town plaza. These rustic chapels, usually made of upright logs plastered with clay, fulfilled religious functions until permanent adobe churches could be constructed. Soon the town was renamed after the chapel’s patron saint, Nuestra Señora del Rosario (Our Lady of the Rosary). The town and its church went by that name until the early twentieth century.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The first church in Chama, or Nuestra Señora del Rosario, was probably built in the 1880s, not long after Sangre de Cristo Parish was established. By the 1910s, that church was in need of repair or reconstruction. The parishioners in Chama (renamed in 1907 in honor of the New Mexico town from which many of its residents had migrated) turned to the Catholic Extension magazine to raise money for a new church. They received a donation that came with the condition that the new church be named Immaculate Conception. The town accepted the donation and in 1915 local farmers built a new church called Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción. The adobe church was built adjacent to an irrigation ditch a few hundred feet north of the town center, on land donated by the Cruz Sanchez family.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Chama’s church burned down in 1935. To fund a new building, the community started a baseball team called the Chama Kitos and sold game tickets to raise money. The pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish, Father Onofre Martorell, guided the rebuilding effort. Completed in 1938, the reconstructed Iglesia had a single-story cruciform plan with an eastern nave entrance. The design was similar to that of <a href="/article/iglesia-de-san-pedro-y-san-pablo"><strong>Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo</strong></a>, the construction of which Martorell had overseen in 1934. Some of the exterior adobe walls incorporated the remains of the previous church. Inside, the church had plaster walls, a vaulted ceiling, and a full balcony over the eastern entrance. The tripartite reredos, decorative screens behind the altar, featured statues of the Virgin Mary, St. James, and Jesus. Around the same time the church was rebuilt, the community also added an outhouse, storage shed, and trees to the property, possibly with the help of <a href="/article/new-deal-colorado"><strong>New Deal</strong></a> funding.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The church saw several small changes over the twentieth century. Originally the exterior adobe walls had an earthen plaster finish, but by the mid-twentieth century they had been covered with cement stucco, a common treatment to protect the walls from moisture. Around the same time, single-story additions were built at the northwest and southwest corners of the cross-shaped building in order to provide more space for storage and a sacristy.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción still plays a central role in the Chama community. During the summer a priest from Sangre de Cristo Parish conducts Mass at each local mission church in the area, including Inmaculada Concepción. Mass is still conducted in Spanish. In addition, the community gathers at the church during Holy Week before carrying a model of the church to <strong>San Luis</strong> for religious observances. The community also gathers at the church in July for the Feast of St. James, in December for the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, and throughout the year for a variety of local events.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/chama" hreflang="en">Chama</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/catholicism" hreflang="en">Catholicism</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/culebra-creek" hreflang="en">Culebra Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/onofre-martorell" hreflang="en">Onofre Martorell</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Heather L. Bailey and Astrid Liverman, “Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (July 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>María Mondragón-Valdez, <em>Casa del Señor: A Brief History of Sangre de Cristo Parish Church and Its Missions</em> (María Mondragón-Valdez, 2001).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in Arturo Aldama, ed., <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em> (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Arnold A. and Maria Valdez, <em>The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County: Village Architecture and Its Historical Context, 1851–1940</em> (San Luis, CO: Valdez and Associates, 1991).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 28 Oct 2016 17:01:23 +0000 yongli 1993 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org