%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Education at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/education-denver-museum-nature-and-science <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Education at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2020-07-31T15:28:24-06:00" title="Friday, July 31, 2020 - 15:28" class="datetime">Fri, 07/31/2020 - 15:28</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/education-denver-museum-nature-and-science" data-a2a-title="Education at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Feducation-denver-museum-nature-and-science&amp;title=Education%20at%20the%20Denver%20Museum%20of%20Nature%20and%20Science"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-museum-nature-science-0"><strong>Denver Museum of Nature and Science</strong></a> (DMNS), previously the Colorado Museum of Natural History, was established in 1900. Although the museum has made many contributions to archaeology and anthropology, it has also played a crucial role in educating Coloradans about science and natural history.</p> <p>The museum represented the culmination of the shared visions of <strong>Edwin Carter</strong>, a naturalist based in <strong>Breckenridge</strong>, and John Francis Campion, a Denver businessman. The two men believed that such a museum would not only promote the rapidly growing city’s importance within the region, but also educate and entertain citizens. When Carter died in 1901, his private natural history collection of birds and mammals formed the basis of the Colorado Museum of Natural History. The museum opened to the public in 1908, providing citizens with the opportunity to experience and learn about the natural world of Colorado and beyond.</p> <p>Like New York City’s American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), on which the DMNS was modeled, and many other museums at the turn of the century, the guiding mission of DMNS has always focused on public science education. According to its founding document, the museum aimed to “encourage and aid the study of Natural Science [and] to advance the general knowledge of kindred subjects.” To further this mission the early exhibits at the DMNS concentrated on the natural world of the Rocky Mountain region. One of the most successful education programs supported educators in Denver public schools with their nature studies curriculum. Begun in the early 1910s, the partnership with the school system continues today. Thousands of schoolchildren had their first experiences with the natural world at the museum. For many children and their caretakers in the 1950s and 1960s, viewing and understanding the natural world was only possible by visiting the habitat dioramas, looking at displays of minerals, or watching a nature movie at the museum on a Saturday morning. The careful placement, labeling, and interpretation of specimens offered the museum-going public a new way to learn about the natural world.</p> <p>The museum’s governing board originally focused on collecting and exhibiting zoological specimens and objects from Colorado. As a relatively new state (Colorado became a state in 1876), little was known about the natural plants and wildlife in the region. A few local naturalists—scientists who study plants and animals—studied the wildlife of the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, but these studies were rarely disseminated to the general public. The Denver museum became a space where this new knowledge of Colorado’s wildlife could be shared with and enjoyed by a wide audience.</p> <p>The museum’s first professional director, Jesse D. Figgins, arrived in 1910 from AMNH. An experienced exhibit designer and field collector, Figgins proved to be a major influence on the intellectual development and organization of the museum. He introduced new collecting methods to ensure that the museum’s collections featured a wider representation of Colorado’s wildlife. Then, employing techniques learned at the AMNH, he set about designing and building new freestanding cases to hold animal groups. The groups often included a particular collection of animals mounted and displayed in front of a hand-painted flat background, which represented the animals’ natural habitat. The museum visitor viewed the animals from the front through a glass screen. These early dioramas became important educational exhibits for museum visitors.</p> <p>Figgins expanded the museum’s collections to include paleontology (the study of prehistoric animals) and archaeology. The first Colorado dinosaur to arrive at the museum was a partial skeleton of diplodocus in 1915. Dall DeWeese, a local resident, found the dinosaur in the Garden Park Fossil Area in <strong>Cañon City</strong>. DeWeese was concerned that Colorado’s dinosaurs and other fossils were being lost to eastern museums and universities. After DeWeese’s discovery, Figgins sent fieldworkers to find fossil sites around the state, and by 1920 one of the museum’s most productive sites for late Eocene mammals was discovered on the eastern plains of Colorado. A few years later, in the 1930s, Frederick Kessler—a Cañon City high school teacher—took a group of his students into the Garden Park Fossil area, where they found another dinosaur: stegosaurus. The stegosaurus became Colorado’s state fossil in 1982, and Kessler’s specimen is now on display in the walk-through exhibit <em>Prehistoric Journey, </em>which opened in 1995 and explores Colorado’s ancient environments. Today, paleontologists at the museum work throughout the American West and around the world, bringing back new discoveries and information about the earth’s past to share with museum visitors and the scientific community.</p> <p>The museum is renowned for the detailed habitat dioramas that represent different landscapes and animals from all over the world. Alfred M. Bailey, the second museum director, is credited with creating the larger diorama halls in the Denver museum. When the dioramas first appeared in the late 1930s and early 1940s, many visitors experienced the wildlife and landscapes of far-off places for the first time. Habitat dioramas, imitations of the natural environment, are large constructions built into the exhibit hall. They have curved backgrounds depicting scenic views that represent actual locations. In the foreground of the diorama, exhibit designers and workers place plants and rocks—accessories—similar to those found at the site, while in the middle ground they place the specimens of mammals and birds that fieldworkers collected from that area. The placement of specimens and accessories creates a three-dimensional effect that, in essence, tricks the eye of the beholder making it appear as if viewers are actually witnessing a natural scene through a glass window.</p> <p>Collecting zoological specimens and displaying them in the dioramas introduced the science of ecology to museum visitors. Visitors were able to see how different environments supported a variety of plant life and animals and learned about animals that were endangered or had become extinct as a result of human activity. Many visitors experienced the natural worlds of Alaska, the Amazon Basin, Antarctica, Australia, and Botswana through the work of museum fieldworkers, who had visited those places from the 1920s to the early 1970s. In an era before today’s nature movies and television documentaries helped the public learn about the intricacies of ecology, the DMNS’s first habitat dioramas served this function.</p> <p>The construction of the Botswana Hall dioramas in the 1970s coincided with the emergence of concern over the killing and poaching of Africa’s large mammals. By displaying African wildlife in a variety of environments, museum curators conveyed the connections between wildlife and the environment and helped raise awareness of the ecological pressures facing faraway places and animals. Moreover, for the first time at the museum, the Botswana Hall included exhibits connecting humans to the environment. The Botswana exhibit placed humans within nature instead of separated from it—a fundamental shift in the museum’s pedagogy.</p> <p>Since it opened in 1908, the DMNS has played an important role in educating Coloradans and others about the natural world, from the deep past through paleontology to the modern era through the display of wildlife specimens in habitat dioramas. The museum’s commitment to science education continues today.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/donofrio-karen-lloyd" hreflang="und">D’Onofrio, Karen Lloyd </a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-museum-nature-and-science" hreflang="en">denver museum of nature and science</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/natural-history" hreflang="en">natural history</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/science" hreflang="en">science</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/edwin-carter" hreflang="en">edwin carter</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/wildlife" hreflang="en">wildlife</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/education" hreflang="en">education</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Victoria Cain, “<a href="http://www.common-place-archives.org/vol-12/no-02/cain/">Professor Carter and His Collection: Amateur Naturalists and Their Museums</a>,” <em>Common-Place: The Interactive Journal of Early American Life </em>12, no. 2 (January 2012).</p> <p>Charles H. Hanington, “The Colorado Museum of Natural History: An Historical Sketch, <em>Proceedings of the Colorado Museum of Natural History </em>17, no. 1 (March 1, 1938).</p> <p>Kirk Johnson et al., “Denver’s Natural History Museum: A History,” <em>Denver Museum of Nature and Science Annals</em>, no. 4 (December 31, 2013).</p> <p>Kirk Johnson and Richard K. Stucky, <em>Prehistoric Journey: A History of Life on Earth </em>(Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing, 2006).</p> <p>Patricia Monaco, “A Short History of Dinosaur Collecting in the Garden Park Fossil Area, Cañon City, Colorado,” <em>Modern Geology </em>23, no. 4 (July 1998).</p> <p>Karen Wonders, “Habitat Dioramas and the Issue of Nativeness,” <em>Landscape Research </em>28, no. 1 (2003).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Bureau of Land Management, “<a href="http://www.blm.gov/co/st/en/fo/rgfo/paleontology.html">Geology and Paleontology</a>,” updated October 15, 2015.</p> <p>Denver Museum of Nature and Science, “<a href="https://www.dmns.org/science/museum-scientists/annual-reports">Annual Reports</a>.”</p> <p>Garden Park Fossil Area, “<a href="https://www.handsontheland.org/garden-park/history-kessler.html?showall=1">History</a>.”</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 31 Jul 2020 21:28:24 +0000 yongli 3400 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Pat Stryker http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/pat-stryker <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Pat Stryker</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2020-07-06T15:29:31-06:00" title="Monday, July 6, 2020 - 15:29" class="datetime">Mon, 07/06/2020 - 15:29</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/pat-stryker" data-a2a-title="Pat Stryker"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fpat-stryker&amp;title=Pat%20Stryker"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Patricia “Pat” Stryker (1956–) is a Colorado-based businesswoman and philanthropist. With an estimated net worth of $2.6 billion, Stryker has donated more than $195 million to charity in her lifetime, mostly through the <strong>Bohemian Foundation</strong>, her <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fort-collins"><strong>Fort Collins</strong></a>–based nonprofit. In addition to charity, Stryker is known for her large donations to liberal political candidates and causes. Along with fellow Colorado billionaires <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/jared-polis"><strong>Jared Polis</strong></a>, <strong>Tim Gills</strong>, and <strong>Rutt Bridges</strong>, Stryker’s outsized political influence has made her one of the so-called Gang of Four—a coalition of influential political donors in Colorado. In 2019 <em>Forbes </em>ranked Pat Stryker number 264 on its list of the nation’s wealthiest women.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Life</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Patricia A. Stryker was born on April 6, 1956, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, to Lee and Betty Stryker. Along with her two siblings—younger brother Jon and older sister Ronda—Pat is an heir to the family fortune amassed by her paternal grandfather, Homer Stryker. In the mid-twentieth century, Homer, an orthopedic surgeon, patented several medical devices and launched Stryker Corporation, now a multibillion-dollar medical-supply company.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Pat Stryker has credited her philanthropic spirit to her grandfather, who made his fortune inventing devices that helped other people and who gave millions to charitable causes throughout his life, especially in Michigan. Stryker’s maternal grandparents, meanwhile, were educational missionaries in China, providing her with another example of a life dedicated to service.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stryker attended the <strong>University of Northern Colorado</strong> in <a href="/article/greeley"><strong>Greeley</strong></a> but did not graduate. In 1976, when she was twenty, her father, Lee, was killed in an airplane crash in Wyoming. In 1980 Stryker moved to Fort Collins, a city she had known from summer camps as a girl.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Bohemian Foundation and Charity</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2001 Stryker established the nonprofit Bohemian Foundation in Fort Collins. The group funds a large variety of programs, the most famous being the <strong>Bohemian Nights at NewWestFest</strong>, a three-day music festival in downtown Fort Collins held each August.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In addition to music programs, the Bohemian Foundation supplies grants for community, civic, and global programs. Its grantees have included media groups such as <em>Chalkbeat</em>, the <em>Colorado Independent</em>, and <em>Democracy Now!</em> as well as other charities and groups in Fort Collins, including the Fort Collins <strong>Museum of Discovery</strong>, Food Bank for <a href="/article/larimer-county"><strong>Larimer County</strong></a>, and the Poudre School District.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Beyond its many grants and initiatives, the Bohemian Foundation also serves as Stryker’s conduit for her other charitable contributions, including a 2017 pledge to match up to $2 million in donations from northern Coloradans to help victims of Hurricane Harvey along the Gulf of Mexico.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>For her contributions to the Fort Collins community, Stryker has received numerous awards, including an honorary doctorate in 2011 from <strong>Colorado State University</strong>, to which she has given more than $30 million. She received the Fort Collins Rotary Club’s Service Above Self award in 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2016 Stryker joined her brother Jon in giving a combined $10 million toward the construction of a national memorial to the victims of lynching and racial terror located in Montgomery, Alabama.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Political Donations</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Stryker is a frequent donor to Democratic politicians and causes, both within and outside of Colorado. <em>Ballotpedia</em>, a nonprofit website that tracks the nation’s political activity, has identified Stryker as a “top influencer” within Colorado. During the 2016 election, <em>USA Today</em> ranked Stryker among the top 107 “mega-donors.”</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stryker has frequently put money into referenda and ballot initiative campaigns. In 2005 she gave $280,000 to the successful Referendum C campaign, which boosted funding for transportation, education, and health care in the state. In 2006 she gave $250,000 to the successful campaign opposing Amendment 43, which would have defined marriage in Colorado as only between one man and one woman. In 2008 she gave $350,000 in opposition of Amendment 47, a so-called right-to-work law that would allow employers to avoid negotiating with labor unions. Amendment 47 was defeated by about 200,000 votes.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The outsized political donations of Stryker and Colorado’s other ultrawealthy progressives—the above-mentioned “gang of four”—in the early aughts led many observers to credit these donors with helping turn the state “purple,” that is, a state where Democrats and Republicans have similar levels of support among voters.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Stryker has also supported progressive causes and candidates outside of Colorado. In 2006, while helping to defeat Amendment 43 in Colorado, she gave $1 million in support of Proposition 82, a California ballot initiative that would have raised taxes on the state’s wealthiest residents to fund half-day preschool for all Californians. The measure was defeated.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2012 Stryker gave more than $2 million to Priorities USA, the <strong>Political Action Committee</strong> (PAC) working to reelect President Barack Obama. Over the next several years, Stryker gave millions to Democratic PACs and candidates. During the 2016 elections, she was Colorado’s largest single donor, giving more than $3 million toward the election of Democrats.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Businesses</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In addition to her charitable and political donations, Stryker operates Bohemian Companies, a real estate firm that owns property in Fort Collins. Stryker also owned Stryker Sonoma Winery in Alexander Valley, California, until she sold it to another winemaker in 2016.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/pat-stryker" hreflang="en">pat stryker</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/stryker-family" hreflang="en">stryker family</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/democrats" hreflang="en">democrats</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/progressives" hreflang="en">progressives</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/millionaire" hreflang="en">millionaire</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/billionaire" hreflang="en">billionaire</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fort-collins" hreflang="en">fort collins</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/bohemian-foundation" hreflang="en">bohemian foundation</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/newwest-fest" hreflang="en">newwest fest</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-independent" hreflang="en">colorado independent</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/education" hreflang="en">education</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/civil-rights" hreflang="en">Civil Rights</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/political-donations" hreflang="en">political donations</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/political-campaigns" hreflang="en">political campaigns</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/donors" hreflang="en">donors</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/political-donors" hreflang="en">political donors</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p><a href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/pat-stryker/#6a006b333542">“#1063 Pat Stryker</a>,” <em>Forbes</em>, May 10, 2020.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ballotpedia, “<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Patricia_A._Stryker">Patricia A. Stryker</a>,” n.d.</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://bohemianfoundation.org/">Bohemian Foundation</a>, n.d.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Joey Bunch, “<a href="https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/pat-stryker-puts-up-million-to-match-donations-for-hurricane/article_6d4c2d48-63e8-58d3-bcf1-5675db2c1ac1.html">Pat Stryker Puts up $2 Million to Match Donations for Hurricane Relief</a>,” Coloradopolitics.com, September 4, 2017.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Coloradoan staff, “<a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/02/08/pat-stryker-ranked-top-mega-donor-presidential-race/80022162/">Pat Stryker’s Political Donations Top $1 Million</a>,” <em>USA Today</em>, February 8, 2016.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Coloradoan staff, “<a href="https://www.coloradoan.com/story/announcements/2014/06/18/fort-collins-notable-residents/10808273/">Fort Collins’ Most Notable Residents</a>,” <em>Coloradoan </em>(Fort Collins), November 28, 2014.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado State University, “<a href="https://newsmediarelations.colostate.edu/2011/05/09/philanthropist-pat-stryker-to-receive-honorary-degree-at-colorado-state-may-14/">Philanthropist Pat Stryker to Receive Honorary Degree at Colorado State May 14</a>,” Press Release, May 9, 2011.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Nick Coltrain, “<a href="https://www.coloradoan.com/story/news/2016/09/01/fort-collins-stryker-spends-3m-2016-election/89666238/">Fort Collins’ Stryker Spends $3M on 2016 Elections</a>,” <em>Coloradoan </em>(Fort Collins), September 1, 2016.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Julie Mack, “<a href="https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2013/05/ronda_stryker_to_receive_ywca.html">Ronda Stryker’s Sense of Passion and Purpose Make Her Recipient of 2013 YWCA Lifetime Woman of Achievement Award</a>,” <em>Michigan Live</em>, May 19, 2013.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rotary Fort Collins, “<a href="https://rotarycluboffortcollins.org/stories/pat-stryker-service-above-self-award-honoree-2014-2015">Pat Stryker—Service Above Self Award Honoree 2014–2015</a>,” April 14, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Western Michigan University, “<a href="https://wmich.edu/news/2014/03/14108">Dr. Homer Hartman Stryker Biography</a>,” WMU News, March 10, 2014.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>MaryAnn Worobiec, “<a href="https://www.winespectator.com/articles/foley-family-wines-buys-stryker-sonoma-53047">Foley Family Wines Buys Stryker Sonoma</a>,” <em>Wine Spectator</em>, April 21, 2016.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://bohemiannights.org/bohemian-nights-at-newwestfest.html">Bohemian Nights at NewWestFest</a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Pat Ferrier, “<a href="https://www.coloradoan.com/story/money/business/2017/06/30/stryker-buys-up-more-old-town-land/439038001/">Stryker Buys up More Old Town Land</a>,” <em>Coloradoan </em>(Fort Collins), June 29, 2017.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Michael Roberts, “<a href="https://www.westword.com/news/meet-colorados-ten-billionaires-8895174">Meet Colorado’s Ten Billionaires</a>,” <em>Westword</em>, March 21, 2017.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 06 Jul 2020 21:29:31 +0000 yongli 3359 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Mesa Schoolhouse http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/mesa-schoolhouse <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Mesa Schoolhouse</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2018-05-21T13:36:27-06:00" title="Monday, May 21, 2018 - 13:36" class="datetime">Mon, 05/21/2018 - 13:36</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/mesa-schoolhouse" data-a2a-title="Mesa Schoolhouse"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fmesa-schoolhouse&amp;title=Mesa%20Schoolhouse"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The bright-red Mesa Schoolhouse, located off US 40 about two miles south of <strong>Steamboat Springs</strong>, is among the oldest examples of a one-story wood-frame school building still standing in Colorado. Built in 1916 by Arthur Gumprecht, the schoolhouse served <a href="/article/routt-county"><strong>Routt County</strong></a> School District #13 until 1959, when the county consolidated its school districts. The schoolhouse also served as an important community center in rural Routt County, hosting picnics, dances, social activities, and even card games. In 2007 the schoolhouse was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Today the schoolhouse is a museum of the community’s pioneer heritage.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Schooling and Socializing</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The first school in Routt County’s Mesa School District was not actually a school at all. Instead, as in many other rural communities in Colorado in 1890, children gathered in a private house to learn. Recognizing the need for a dedicated school building, the community built a log schoolhouse in 1891. This rudimentary building served the children of Mesa School District until carpenter and landowner Arthur Gumprecht completed construction of the current schoolhouse along what is now US Highway 40, about two miles south of Steamboat Springs. Gumprecht’s design included a peaked roof and a small shingled bell tower on the building’s east side. Today the wood building is painted a brilliant shade of red, and the original wood-shingled roof has been replaced by a more durable and protective metal covering.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Children of all ages gathered in the one-room Mesa Schoolhouse from 1916 to 1959 to learn from the same teacher. Similar one-room, one-teacher schools made up a sizable portion of the state’s education system throughout the early part of the twentieth century, especially in rural counties. Most teachers were women, and in addition to instructing students in reading, writing, and arithmetic, educators were expected to fill the roles of moral role model, disciplinarian, janitor, and community organizer.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In much the same way that teachers were expected to fill multiple roles, schoolhouses did not serve a single purpose. For much of Colorado’s history, schools were some of the only community-owned, indoor public spaces in rural areas and therefore hosted important community events. Rural schools like the Mesa Schoolhouse often hosted dances, card games, temperance meetings, picnics, and a variety of other community activities.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Consolidation</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>As recently as 1956, 22 percent of Colorado’s schools were like the Mesa Schoolhouse, with only one room and one teacher serving multiple grades. This number has declined dramatically in the last half-century as improved road systems and the availability of public school buses have made larger schools much more accessible to students living in rural counties.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The consolidation of schools has mirrored, and in some ways propelled, the consolidation and standardization of the state’s school systems. In rural counties, single-school districts such as Mesa School District #13 were folded into larger entities, and single-room schools such as the Mesa Schoolhouse were made obsolete by newer schools serving more students.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>School consolidation came to Routt County in 1959, when the Mesa Schoolhouse’s students were sent to new elementary, middle, and high schools in the Steamboat Springs School District. As a result of this consolidation, Mesa Schoolhouse was no longer necessary, and the building was sold to a private owner in 1959. Francis and Thomas Adams then purchased the schoolhouse in 1965 and converted the building into a private residence and hunting lodge. The Adams family added a porch to the building’s exterior before selling the property in 1975.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1998 a group of local organizations including Historic Routt County, the city of Steamboat Springs, and the Yampa Valley Land Trust used a grant from the <strong>State Historical Fund</strong> to help purchase the Mesa Schoolhouse for use as a museum and community space. Additional State Historical Fund Grants in the early 2000s allowed the building’s interior and exterior to be restored. Today the century-old schoolhouse opens its doors each summer for community events for children and adults. Museum staff dress in historically accurate outfits and demonstrate skills such as candle dipping and wool spinning. But even when the building is empty, the Mesa Schoolhouse, with its eye-catching red paint and prominent location along US 40, remains an enduring reminder of Routt County’s pioneer roots.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/bock-samuel" hreflang="und">Bock, Samuel</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/routt-county" hreflang="en">routt county</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mesa-schoolhouse" hreflang="en">mesa schoolhouse</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/steamboat-springs" hreflang="en">Steamboat Springs</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/routt-county-history" hreflang="en">routt county history</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/education" hreflang="en">education</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/frontier-schools" hreflang="en">frontier schools</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Mary Officer Brunner, <em>History of Mesa School</em> (1940).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Lauren Lafferty Schaffer, “Mesa Schoolhouse,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (2007).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><strong>Additional Information</strong></p>&#13; &#13; <p>Sandy Conlon, “Schoolhouses of Routt County,” <em>Steamboat Magazine</em> 11, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 1989).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Sara J. Pearce, <em>A Guide to Colorado Architecture</em> (Denver: State Historical Society of Colorado, 1983).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 21 May 2018 19:36:27 +0000 yongli 2882 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-school-deaf-and-blind <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2640--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2640.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/colorado-school-deaf-and-blind-0"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Colorado-Deaf-Media-1_1.jpg?itok=UKPr-onN" width="1000" height="795" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/colorado-school-deaf-and-blind-0" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind (CSDB) was established in Colorado Springs in 1874 and is the only school of its kind in the state. The school continues to serve deaf and blind students in Colorado through traditional on-campus education, outreach programs, and an instructional materials center.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1962--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1962.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/colorado-school-deaf-and-blind"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Colorado-Deaf-Media-1_0.jpg?itok=nGAi_mJL" width="1000" height="795" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/colorado-school-deaf-and-blind" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Located east of downtown Colorado Springs, the Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind has a park-like campus characterized by stone buildings in the Collegiate Gothic style.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-10-27T15:16:07-06:00" title="Thursday, October 27, 2016 - 15:16" class="datetime">Thu, 10/27/2016 - 15:16</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-school-deaf-and-blind" data-a2a-title="Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcolorado-school-deaf-and-blind&amp;title=Colorado%20School%20for%20the%20Deaf%20and%20the%20Blind"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind (CSDB) was established in <a href="/article/colorado-springs"><strong>Colorado Springs</strong></a> in 1874 and is the only school of its kind in the state. The school’s buildings, constructed largely in the early twentieth century, were designed by major local architects such as Thomas Barber and are united by a common Collegiate Gothic style. The school continues to serve deaf and blind students in Colorado through traditional on-campus education, outreach programs, and an instructional materials center.</p><p>In the United States, schools for the deaf started in the early nineteenth century—the first opened in Connecticut in 1817—and spread rapidly in the later nineteenth century. When CSDB opened in 1874 as the Colorado Institute for the Education of Mutes, it was the thirty-sixth school for the deaf in the country.</p><p>CSDB was founded by Jonathan R. Kennedy, who had deaf children and had worked at a school for the deaf in Olathe, Kansas, before coming to Colorado in 1873. In Denver he quickly gained the backing of Colorado’s <a href="/article/colorado-territory"><strong>territorial</strong></a> governor and convinced legislators to appropriate $5,000 to establish a state school for the deaf. Colorado Springs was chosen as the site of the school, and city founder <a href="/article/william-jackson-palmer"><strong>William Jackson Palmer</strong></a> donated ten acres of land east of downtown for the school’s campus.</p><p>While waiting for the campus to be developed, the school opened its doors on April 8, 1874, in a rented house at the corner of Cucharras and Tejon Streets. Seven students occupied a two-story building with four rooms on each floor. The building was clearly inadequate, so in 1875 the school board commissioned the first building on the land Palmer had donated at the corner of East Pikes Peak Avenue and Institute Street. By 1876 the main part of the first Administration Building was completed, and the school moved to its new home.</p><p>The first two decades of CSDB were a period of growth and change. The campus added four and a half acres of donated land as well as several additions, including an expanded Administration Building, a school building, a girls’ hall, and a vocational building. (None of these early buildings survived.) In addition, the school was opened to blind students in 1877, and changed its name to the Colorado Institute for the Deaf and the Blind. In the 1890s CSDB adopted its current name. The school taught a variety of subjects and vocational skills to a mix of residential and day students.</p><p>Local architects Thomas Barber, Elmer Nieman, and Edward Bunts helped define the look of the CSDB campus over the first half of the twentieth century. Early buildings were in an eclectic Late Victorian style that combined elements of classical, Gothic, and Richardsonian Romanesque architecture. <a href="/image/collegiate-gothic-style-building"><img style="float:right;margin:15px;" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Colorado_School_For_Deaf_and_Blind_20170525_01_0.jpg" alt="Collegiate Gothic style of campus building" width="480" height="320"></a>Later additions settled into a standard Collegiate Gothic style similar to that of many American college campuses developed around the same time, with steeply pitched roofs, arched doorways, and plentiful windows. In the 1950s and 1960s the school moved away from stone construction and Collegiate Gothic design to more modern structures, but the campus retains an essential unity thanks to the similar style of its early twentieth-century buildings.</p><p>Enrollment at CSDB peaked at about 350 students in the 1970s but started to decline after 1975, when the state started to fund programs for handicapped students at local public schools. Today CSDB serves nearly 250 residential and day students plus more than 300 children in its infant and toddler program.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/education" hreflang="en">education</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-springs" hreflang="en">colorado springs</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/deaf-education" hreflang="en">deaf education</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/blind-education" hreflang="en">blind education</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Kevyn Brown, “The Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form (November 1997).</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHcnhqVY1nI">Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind Art Program (Youtube)</a></p><p><a href="http://www.csdb.org/programs-services/student-life/athletics/">Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind Athletics (Bulldogs)</a></p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>The Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind teaches students with hearing and vision disabilities. It was built in Colorado Springs in 1874. It is the only school of its kind in Colorado. The school still serves deaf and blind students in Colorado.</p><p>Jonathan R. Kennedy founded the Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind. He was a father of deaf children. He came to Colorado in 1873. He asked Colorado’s territorial government to start a school for the deaf. He was given $5,000 to start the school.</p><p>Colorado Springs was chosen as the site of the school. The founder of Colorado Springs was William Jackson Palmer. He gave the school ten acres of land.</p><p>The school opened in 1874. It was called the “Colorado Institute for the Education of Mutes.” During its first years, classes were held in a rented house. The school was still being built. By 1876 the new school building was complete and the school moved to its new home.</p><p>Over the next twenty years the school grew. It got more donated land. New buildings were added. These included new offices, a girls’ hall, and a vocational building.</p><p>The school was opened to blind students in 1877. In 1890 it was renamed the Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind. The school taught academics and work skills. Some students lived at the school. Others came to the school each day.</p><p>The Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind has a beautiful campus. Early buildings were in a Victorian style. Later they were in the Collegiate Gothic style. Many college campuses were built in this style. These buildings have steep roofs, arched doorways, and a lot of windows.</p><p>About 350 students went to the school in the 1970s. By 1975 fewer students went to the school, because the deaf and blind students had started to go to their local public schools. Today about 250 students attend the school. It also has 300 children in its infant and toddler program.</p><p>&nbsp;</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>Established in in Colorado Springs in 1874, the Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind teaches students with hearing and vision disabilities. It is the only school of its kind in the state. The school’s buildings were built in the early 1900s, and it continues to serve deaf and blind students in Colorado.</p><p>In the United States, schools for the deaf started in the early nineteenth century. The first opened in Connecticut in 1817, and they spread rapidly in the late 1800s. When Colorado’s school opened in 1874, it was the thirty-sixth school for the deaf in the country.</p><p>Jonathan Kennedy, a father of deaf children, founded the Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind. He had worked at a school for the deaf in Olathe, Kansas, and came to Colorado in 1873. He gained the backing of Colorado’s territorial governor. They convinced legislators to allot $5,000 to establish a State School for the Deaf. Colorado Springs was chosen as the site of the school. William Jackson Palmer, the city’s founder, donated ten acres of land for the school’s campus.</p><p>The school opened its doors on April 8, 1874. It was called the “Colorado Institute for the Education of Mutes.” In its first years, school was held in a rented house at the corner of Cucharras and Tejon Streets. The permanent school buildings were under construction. Seven students attended the school. In 1875 the first building went up on the land Palmer had donated. By 1876 the first Administration building was completed, and the school moved to its new home.</p><p>The next two decades were a period of growth and change. The campus added four and a half acres of donated land. It built new buildings, including a new Administration building, a classroom building, a girls’ dormitory, and a vocational building. None of these early buildings are still standing.</p><p>The school was opened to blind students in 1877 and changed its name to the Colorado Institute for the Deaf and the Blind. It adopted its current name, Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind, in the 1890s. The school taught students a variety of subjects and work-related skills. It was a mix of residential and day students.</p><p>Local architects Thomas Barber, Elmer Nieman, and Edward Bunts helped define the look of the campus in the 1900s. Like other campus buildings across the country, buildings at the Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind have steeply pitched roofs, arched doorways, and plentiful windows.</p><p>Enrollment at Colorado School for Deaf and the Blind peaked at about 350 students in the 1970s, but started to decline after 1975, as Colorado school districts started to fund programs for deaf and blind students at public schools. Today the school serves nearly 250 residential and day students, plus more than 300 children in its infant and toddler program.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>The Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind was established in Colorado Springs in 1874. It is the only school of its kind in the state. The school’s buildings were constructed largely in the early twentieth century. They were designed by local architect Thomas Barber and are united by a common Collegiate Gothic style. The school continues to serve deaf and blind students in Colorado through traditional on-campus education, outreach programs, and an instructional materials center.</p><p>In the United States, schools for the deaf started in the early nineteenth century. The first opened in Connecticut in 1817, and they spread rapidly in the later nineteenth century. When the Colorado Institute for the Education of Mutes opened in 1874, it was the thirty-sixth school for the deaf in the country.</p><p>Jonathan R. Kennedy, who had deaf children, had worked at a school for the deaf in Olathe, Kansas. He was the founder of the school. He came to Colorado in 1873. He gained the backing of Colorado’s territorial governor and convinced legislators to appropriate $5,000 to establish a State School for the Deaf. Colorado Springs was chosen as the site of the school. Colorado Springs city founder William Jackson Palmer donated ten acres of land east of downtown for the school’s campus.</p><p>The school opened its doors on April 8, 1874, in a rented house at the corner of Cucharras and Tejon Streets while the campus was under construction. Seven students occupied a two-story building with four rooms on each floor. In 1875 the school board commissioned a school building on the land Palmer had donated. It was located at the corner of East Pikes Peak Avenue and Institute Street. By 1876 the first Administration Building was completed and the school moved to its new home.</p><p>The first two decades were a period of growth and change. The campus added four and a half acres of donated land. It had several additions, including an expanded Administration building, a school building, a girls’ hall and a vocational building. None of these early buildings are still standing.</p><p>The school was opened to blind students in 1877 and changed its name to the Colorado Institute for the Deaf and the Blind. It adopted its current name in the 1890s. The school taught a variety of subjects and vocational skills to a mix of residential and day students.</p><p>Local architects Thomas Barber, Elmer Nieman, and Edward Bunts helped define the look of the campus in the 1900s. Early buildings were in a Victorian style that combined elements of classical, Gothic, and Romanesque architecture. Later additions were in the Collegiate Gothic style. These buildings are like others on American college campuses developed around the same time. They have steeply pitched roofs, arched doorways, and plentiful windows. In the 1950s and 1960s, the school moved away from the Collegiate Gothic design to more modern buildings.</p><p>Enrollment at the school peaked at about 350 students in the 1970s, but started to decline after 1975, as Colorado school boards started to fund programs for deaf and blind students at public schools. Today the school serves nearly 250 residential and day students, plus more than 300 children in its infant and toddler program.</p><p>&nbsp;</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Thu, 27 Oct 2016 21:16:07 +0000 yongli 1963 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org