%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Denver Botanic Gardens http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-botanic-gardens <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Denver Botanic Gardens</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2020-10-19T15:44:08-06:00" title="Monday, October 19, 2020 - 15:44" class="datetime">Mon, 10/19/2020 - 15:44</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver-botanic-gardens" data-a2a-title="Denver Botanic Gardens"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fdenver-botanic-gardens&amp;title=Denver%20Botanic%20Gardens"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Established in 1951, Denver Botanic Gardens (DBG) has grown from a small group of horticulturally minded citizens into a major civic organization. With a prominent conservatory and core city gardens complemented by a 750-acre suburban campus at Chatfield, DBG has become the nation’s most-visited botanic gardens, according to CEO Brian Vogt, fulfilling its stated mission “to connect people with plants, especially plants from the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/rocky-mountains"><strong>Rocky Mountain</strong></a> region and similar regions around the world.” From an original collection of mostly native plants, it has expanded to include plant material from all over the world in more than forty different gardens. Behind the scenes, DBG is also a research institution with scientists using the collections and field studies to learn more about topics such as biodiversity, conservation, and sustainability.</p> <h2>Built on a Boneyard</h2> <p>DBG’s main York Street site occupies the former area of the original city cemetery’s Catholic section. <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/william-larimer-jr"><strong>William H. Larimer, Jr.</strong></a>, who founded <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> in 1858, established the cemetery a year later. The city acquired most of the cemetery in 1872 and ran it as City Cemetery. In the late nineteenth century, City Cemetery increasingly lost customers to newer <strong>Riverside </strong>(1876), <strong>Fairmount</strong> (1890), and <strong>Mount Olivet</strong> (1890) Cemeteries. In 1890 the city converted much of the site to Congress Park, the larger western portion of which was reorganized in 1910 as <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cheesman-park"><strong>Cheesman Park</strong></a>. Mount Calvary Catholic Cemetery continued to operate until 1950, when the City of Denver bought the eighteen-acre site and agreed to remove its roughly 6,000 bodies.</p> <p>An estimated several hundred bodies still lie under the gardens and neighboring Cheesman Park. During recent construction in and around&nbsp;the gardens, about fifty bodies have been unearthed and respectfully reburied.</p> <h2>Birth of the Gardens</h2> <p>Incorporated February 3, 1951, as the Botanical Gardens Foundation of Denver, DBG was a consolidation of existing horticultural groups. Under the direction of leading nurseryman and naturalist <strong>George W. Kelly</strong>, DBG initially planned its gardens in the southeast part of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/city-park"><strong>City Park</strong></a>. In 1952 Gladys and John Evans II paid local landscape architect <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/saco-rienk-deboer"><strong>Saco Rienk DeBoer</strong></a> $10,000 to plan 100 acres of gardens there. In 1956 DeBoer laid out a rocky canyon simulating a high mountain canyon, which has been restored in recent times. A stream flowing through the canyon ended in a large lily pond. DeBoer donated forty-seven flowering crabapple trees, whose blossoms&nbsp;his experiments showed to be hardy enough for Denver’s late frosts, while the Denver Rose Society gave 4,000 roses in beds maintained to this day.</p> <p>In 1957 DBG leased from the <a href="http://www.coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/us-forest-service-colorado"><strong>US Forest Service</strong></a> the 169-acre Mt. Goliath Alpine Study Area on the <strong>Mount Evans</strong> Highway about fifty miles from Denver. A two-mile nature trail meanders through this rare forest of 1,500-year-old bristlecone pines, a prime timberline attraction to this day. The trail is named for Michael Walter Pesman, a landscape architect, author, and teacher who helped found the DBG and championed native plants.</p> <h2>The Gardens</h2> <p>In 1958 Ruth and James Waring purchased the mansion at 909 York Street to give to DBG as its headquarters. Designed by <strong>Jules Jacques Benoit Benedict</strong>, the large two-story residence was originally built in 1926. The house features grey stucco walls trimmed with stone and brick beneath a steep, green terra-cotta tile roof.</p> <p>Next to the new headquarters, in 1958 DBG began to transform the city-owned grounds of the old Catholic cemetery into gardens. Nationally prominent San Francisco landscape architect Garrett Eckbo planned the gardens with water features and plantings that have grown to include Colorado high plains, rose, and vegetable gardens as well as Saco DeBoer’s Rocky Mountain Garden. DBG also boasts North America's largest collection of plants from cold climates around the world. The Japanese Gardens, designed by Koichi Kawana, opened in 1979. The adjacent <strong>Bill Hosokawa</strong> Bonsai Pavilion, honoring a <strong><em>Denver Post</em></strong> editor and leader of the <strong>Colorado Japanese community</strong>, opened in 2012. A Home Demonstration Garden offers suggestions for home gardeners, while the world's first <strong>Xeriscape</strong> Demonstration Garden opened in 1987 to showcase low-water gardening.</p> <h2>Boettcher Conservatory and Center</h2> <p>The <strong>Boettcher Foundation</strong>, whose money came in large part from the <strong>Ideal Cement Company</strong>, funded much of DBG’s construction and encouraged use of concrete throughout. Even the ground’s lamps are concrete “trees” with globe lights posing as fruits.</p> <p>Concrete is used most notably in the gardens’ signature building, the Edna C. and Claude K. Boettcher Memorial Conservatory. Opened in 1966, the conservatory was designed by Denver architects <strong>Victor Hornbein</strong> and Edward D. White, Jr. Their highly original design uses faceted Plexiglas panels between interlaced, cast-in-place concrete arches soaring fifty feet above tropical trees. The panels are sloped to prevent condensation from raining on visitors. Inside, in a humid, warm climate, some 600 species are cultivated amid waterfalls and pools constructed in a sloped, naturalistic environment. The raw concrete edifice features finely detailed flagstone paving and trim, oak doors in steel frames, and geometric stained and leaded glass in doors and windows. The conservatory complex includes greenhouses, storage, and laboratories. Hornbein also designed the Bromeliad House, added to the west end of the conservatory in 1981 for its namesake tropical flowering plants.</p> <p>A spacious new building, Boettcher Memorial Center, opened on the northeast side of the conservatory in 1971. Designed to architecturally blend in with the conservatory, the newer building (also planned by Hornbein and White) opens into a spacious stone-floored lobby with a waterfall, pools, and many plants. The building originally housed a 400-seat Horticulture Hall, three classrooms, meeting rooms, a plant prep room, the Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium, and the Helen Fowler Library. (The library and Herbarium have since moved to DBG’s Freyer–Newman Center.)</p> <h2>Denver Botanic Gardens at Chatfield</h2> <p>In 1973 DBG leased a 750-acre nature preserve southwest of Denver from the US Army Corps of Engineers. The corps had acquired the site along Deer Creek as part of its floodplain for the <strong>Chatfield Dam</strong>, Reservoir, and State Park built after Denver’s disastrous <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/south-platte-flood-1965"><strong>1965 flood</strong></a>. The corps leased the land to DBG on the condition that it would remain a natural area, with <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/wetlands-and-riparian-areas"><strong>wetlands</strong></a> along Deer Creek accessible by hiking trails. &nbsp;</p> <p>DBG opened the Chatfield site to the public in 1988. Now known as Denver Botanic Gardens at Chatfield, the complex includes the 1886 Deer Creek School House as well as two working historic farms. The <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/hildebrand-ranch"><strong>Hildebrand Ranch</strong></a> complex dating to 1866 is a National Register site consisting of a farmhouse, dairy barn, granary, icehouse, working blacksmith shop, and other outbuildings. It and the neighboring Green Farm have been restored as a working farm and interpretive center. The nearby one-room schoolhouse&nbsp;has been restored for educational purposes.</p> <p>Chatfield hosts a popular fall corn maze and pumpkin festival as well as holiday lights. Rotating sculpture exhibits, a&nbsp;lavender test garden, a large historic iris garden, and other gardens adorn the site.</p> <h2>Funding</h2> <p>Funding has long been the gardens’ thorn on the rose. In its early years, DBG was a small, poorly attended, and underfunded organization heavily dependent on volunteers and delinquents sent over from the Juvenile Court to do weeding. In 1982 DBG began charging an admission fee.</p> <p>Revenues have perked up as DBG began hosting popular annual events. Since 1980, DBG has used its grassy, sunken amphitheater for a sold-out summer concert series. Every winter since 1989, Blossoms of Light has attracted crowds to a spectacular holiday show of shrubs and trees decorated with more than 250,000 colored lights. In 2019 Blossoms welcomed 145,406 visitors and brought in $1.6 million in revenue.</p> <p>A major source of regular funding came after 1988, when voters in the six metropolitan Denver counties approved a <strong>Scientific and Cultural Facilities District</strong> (SCFD) sales and use tax of 0.1 percent. Denver pioneered the SCFD concept nationally as salvation for many often struggling cultural and scientific organizations. In the tax’s first year, DBG received 87 percent of its revenue from SCFD. This $2 million contribution has increased every year since. As of 2019, only 19 percent of DBG income is from SCFD, with membership, admissions, special events, and donations now accounting for a greater share of the gardens’ revenue.</p> <h2>Recent Expansions</h2> <p>In 2007 Denver architect <strong>David Tryba</strong> helped DBG handle its growing need to accommodate more visitors with a $45 million expansion. Tryba’s work included a new Bonfils-Stanton entrance and gift shop on the west side of York Street, as well as a three-level parking garage on the east side of York Street. Standing on the previous site of the DBG Children’s Garden, Tryba’s parking garage includes the new Mordecai Children’s Garden atop the garage. Inside the gardens, Tryba designed a new greenhouse complex with twelve greenhouses visible to the public along a glazed south-facing exhibit space known as the Orangery.</p> <p>Most recently, the $40 million Freyer-Newman Center for Science, Art, and Education, named for donors Bob and Judi Newman and Ginny and John Freyer, opened at&nbsp;York Street and East Eleventh Avenue in 2020. Designed by the Denver firm of Davis Partnership, the building includes a 277-seat auditorium with a large video wall as well as six classrooms, three art galleries, a coffee shop, laboratories, and spacious new homes for the Kathryn Kalmbach Herbarium and Helen Fowler Library.</p> <p>Two stories of underground parking at the new building serve staff, freeing up the main garage for visitors and the DBG’s small army of some 3,000 volunteers. The Freyer-Newman Center is the last piece of a $116 million, thirteen-year master plan that, under CEO Brian Vogt, has catapulted DBG into the top tier of botanic gardens.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/noel-thomas-j" hreflang="und">Noel, Thomas J.</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-botanic-gardens" hreflang="en">Denver Botanic Gardens</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/chatfield-reservoir" hreflang="en">Chatfield Reservoir</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/hildebrand-ranch" hreflang="en">Hildebrand Ranch</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/boettcher-foundation" hreflang="en">Boettcher Foundation</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/boettcher-conservatory" hreflang="en">Boettcher Conservatory</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/saco-rienk-deboer" hreflang="en">Saco Rienk DeBoer</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/victor-hornbein" hreflang="en">Victor Hornbein</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/garrett-eckbo" hreflang="en">Garrett Eckbo</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Louisa Ward Arps, <em>Cemetery to Conservatory: A History of the Land Around the Denver Botanic Gardens, 1859–1978</em> (Denver: Denver Botanic Gardens, 1980).</p> <p>Panayoti Kelaidis, ed., <em>Flourish: A Visionary Garden in the American West </em>(Denver: Denver Botanic Gardens and Boulder, CO: Johnson Books, 2009).</p> <p>Johanna Elizabeth Kelly (DBG director of development), interview with Tom Noel, July 15, 2020.</p> <p>Judy Morley, “Oasis in the City: The History of the Denver Botanic Gardens” (MA thesis, University of Colorado–Denver, 1995).</p> <p>Bernice E. Petersen, <em>A Jubilee History of Denver Botanic Gardens, 1951–1976</em> (Denver: Denver Botanic Gardens, 1980).</p> <p>Sharon L. Petersen, “Richard Crawford Campbell House (Denver Botanic Gardens House),” National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, June 29, 1978.</p> <p>Brian Vogt (DBG CEO), interview with Tom Noel, July 17, 2020.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 19 Oct 2020 21:44:08 +0000 yongli 3447 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Hildebrand Ranch http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/hildebrand-ranch <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Hildebrand Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1613--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1613.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/hildebrand-ranch"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Hildebrand_Ranch_0.jpg?itok=LiP8QzRJ" width="1000" height="638" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/hildebrand-ranch" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Hildebrand Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In 1866 Frank Hildebrand settled Hildebrand Ranch. He built a three-ditch irrigations system to water his farmland and gradually expanded the ranch's existing log cabin into a ranch house.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1614--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1614.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/hildebrand-ranch-buildings"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/98581140_0.jpg?itok=oqc40YIL" width="1024" height="551" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/hildebrand-ranch-buildings" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Hildebrand Ranch Buildings</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Today the buildings of Hildebrand Ranch are part of Denver Botanic Gardens Chatfield Farms, while nearly 1,500 acres of former ranch land to the west are preserved as part of Jefferson County's Hildebrand Ranch Park.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 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field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-05-25T14:59:42-06:00" title="Wednesday, May 25, 2016 - 14:59" class="datetime">Wed, 05/25/2016 - 14:59</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/hildebrand-ranch" data-a2a-title="Hildebrand Ranch"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fhildebrand-ranch&amp;title=Hildebrand%20Ranch"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Settled by Frank Hildebrand in 1866, Hildebrand Ranch was a large cattle ranch and farm along <strong>Deer Creek</strong> southwest of <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>. After remaining in the hands of the Hildebrand family for more than a century, the ranch was condemned by the Army Corps of Engineers in 1971 for the construction of <strong>Chatfield Reservoir</strong>. The original ranch house and other buildings are now part of <strong>Denver Botanic Gardens</strong> Chatfield Farms, while <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/jefferson-county"><strong>Jefferson County</strong></a> Open Space preserves much of the rest of the ranch’s former property.</p> <h2>Early Agriculture on Deer Creek</h2> <p>The German immigrant Frank Hildebrand came to Colorado in the <strong>gold rush</strong> of 1859. Initially he settled north of <strong>Denver</strong>, near the junction of <strong>Clear Creek </strong>and the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/south-platte-river"><strong>South Platte River</strong></a>, but in 1864 he sold his farm after a flood ruined his crops. He worked briefly as a freighter before establishing a new farm south of Denver in 1866. Hildebrand chose a grassy location with a log cabin along Deer Creek a few miles west of the South Platte, not far from where Deer Creek exits the foothills.</p> <p>In his early years at the ranch, Hildebrand worked the farm from spring planting through fall harvest, then went to the mines during the winter. Later he worked full time at the ranch, where he bred cattle and built a three-ditch <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/irrigation-colorado"><strong>irrigation</strong></a> system to bring water from Deer Creek to 200 acres of farmland. Around 1880, after Hildebrand married and had two sons, he built two additions to the ranch house, one on each side. Nearby, the family constructed a variety of other ranch buildings, including a bunkhouse for workers and several barns and sheds. The closest town, <strong>Littleton</strong>, was an eight-mile ride away, so the family was largely self-sufficient. They grew wheat as a cash crop plus other crops for the family and the livestock. Occasionally they traveled to Littleton to trade surplus crops and dairy for staples such as sugar, salt, and pepper.</p> <p>Hildebrand Ranch stayed in the family for more than 100 years and gradually expanded to at least 2,000 acres and 600 head of cattle. After Frank Hildebrand died in 1914, his oldest son, Francis, took over the farm. Francis Hildebrand lived there his whole life, and when he died in 1943, the ranch passed to his second daughter, Florence, and her family.</p> <h2>Chatfield Reservoir and After</h2> <p>The <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/south-platte-flood-1965"><strong>South Platte River flooded Denver on June 16, 1965,</strong></a> killing thirteen people and causing millions of dollars of damage. The flood spurred the <strong>Army Corps of Engineers</strong> to act on an existing flood-control plan that involved damming the South Platte just north of its confluence with Deer Creek. In 1971 the secretary of the army condemned about 334 acres of Hildebrand Ranch for the construction of Chatfield Reservoir.</p> <p>Ironically, the condemnation of Hildebrand Ranch for Chatfield Reservoir probably saved the ranch from redevelopment as the Denver suburbs expanded south. The reservoir ultimately occupied only part of the land that was condemned for its construction, leaving Hildebrand Ranch about a mile west of the water. In 1973 the city of Denver leased 750 acres of that land from the federal government. About one-tenth of Denver’s lease, including the main Hildebrand Ranch buildings, became part of Denver Botanic Gardens’ arboretum and environmental study area, now known as Denver Botanic Gardens Chatfield Farms.</p> <p>In 1975 Hildebrand Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In the 1990s the State Historical Fund provided grants to erect new interpretive signs at the ranch.</p> <h2>Jefferson County Open Space</h2> <p>After the Army Corps of Engineers condemned part of Hildebrand Ranch for Chatfield Reservoir, about 1,650 acres of the ranch still remained in private hands. The last Hildebrand to live on the property left in the 1970s, but the land included a historic irrigation ditch from 1868, a two-story Dutch-style barn, several other ranch structures, and some unexcavated prehistoric sites. In 2001 <strong>Jefferson County</strong> Open Space bought 1,450 acres of the land and established Hildebrand Ranch Park just west of Chatfield Farms and south of Deer Creek. As of 2016, the park offers visitors a parking area and a loop trail.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/hildebrand-ranch" hreflang="en">Hildebrand Ranch</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/hildebrand-ranch-park" hreflang="en">Hildebrand Ranch Park</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/deer-creek" hreflang="en">Deer Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/chatfield-reservoir" hreflang="en">Chatfield Reservoir</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-botanic-gardens" hreflang="en">Denver Botanic Gardens</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>William R. Barnhart, “Hildebrand Ranch,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form (May 3, 1973).</p> <p>“<a href="https://www.botanicgardens.org/chatfield-farms/hildebrand-ranch">Hildebrand Ranch</a>,” Denver Botanic Gardens.</p> <p>“<a href="https://www.jeffco.us/open-space">Hildebrand Ranch Park History</a>,” Jefferson County Open Space, Jefferson County Government.</p> <p>Andrew Sawyer, <em>A Class III Cultural Resource Inventory of the Stockwell/Hildebrand Open Space Property, Jefferson County, Colorado</em>, SWCA Cultural Resource Report No. 01-515 (December 2001).</p> <p>Joe Vaccarelli, “<a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2015/02/10/plans-in-works-to-increase-access-use-at-hildebrand-ranch-park/">Plans in Works to Increase Access, Use at Hildebrand Ranch Park</a>,” <em>Denver Post</em>, February 2, 2015.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Carole Lomond et al., <em>Jefferson County, Colorado: A Unique and Eventful History</em> (Golden, CO: Views, 2009).</p> <p>Members of the Jefferson County Historical Commission, <em>From Scratch: A History of Jefferson County, Colorado</em> (Golden, CO: Jefferson County Historical Commission, 1985).</p> <p>Alvin T. Steinel, <em>History of Agriculture in Colorado, 1858 to 1926</em> (Fort Collins, CO: State Agricultural College, 1926).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 25 May 2016 20:59:42 +0000 yongli 1436 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org