%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Patricia (Pat) Schroeder http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/patricia-pat-schroeder <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Patricia (Pat) Schroeder</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2021-12-01T15:10:37-07:00" title="Wednesday, December 1, 2021 - 15:10" class="datetime">Wed, 12/01/2021 - 15:10</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/patricia-pat-schroeder" data-a2a-title="Patricia (Pat) Schroeder"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fpatricia-pat-schroeder&amp;title=Patricia%20%28Pat%29%20Schroeder"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Patricia (Pat) Scott Schroeder (1940–) represented Colorado’s First <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-congressional-districts"><strong>Congressional District</strong></a>—the city of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>—in the US House of Representatives from 1973 to 1997. The first female US Representative elected in Colorado, she championed liberal issues, including opposing the Vietnam War and advocating for women’s rights and reforms affecting families. A Democrat and an early feminist, she was known for her razor-sharp wit and political barbs. She spent her twenty-four years in Congress battling Republicans and the old boys’ network of political favors.</p> <h2>Early Years</h2> <p>Patricia Scott was born on July 30, 1940, in Portland, Oregon. Her father, Lee Scott, served in the Army Air Corps, and the family moved often. Her brother, Mike, was born in 1943. The family eventually settled in Des Moines, Iowa, where her father started an aviation insurance company and her mother, Bernice Scott, worked as a first-grade teacher. Pat was a gifted student and graduated from Roosevelt High School in 1958.</p> <p>Pat’s parents did not raise her with the stereotypical 1950s vision that a girl’s role in life was as a helpmate, wife, and mother. Instead, they encouraged her independence, valued her opinions, and nurtured her diverse interests. Her father taught her how to rebuild cars and planes, as well as how to remodel their historic house. Pat became involved in Girl Scouts, especially excelling at outdoor activities. At age sixteen, she earned her pilot’s license.</p> <p>Her parents were Democrats who supported liberal causes and candidates. Politics and current events were the subjects of dinner-table conversations. Her role models were Amelia Earhart, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Margaret Sanger, whom she referred to as “doers” who broke new ground and challenged the status quo.</p> <h2>College and Law School</h2> <p>After high school, Patricia Scott enrolled at the University of Minnesota, working as a pilot to help pay tuition. At that time, women were discouraged from pursuing degrees in any fields besides teaching and nursing. Scott felt out of place and excluded because of her ambition for a career instead of the customary “M.R.S.” degree, that is, getting married and raising a family.</p> <p>During college, she became involved in liberal political activism. Serving on the student senate, she was inspired by Minnesota senator Hubert Humphrey’s commitment to racial and economic justice and Allard Lowenstein’s antiapartheid movement. She graduated at the top of her class in three years, with a major in history and minors in philosophy and political science.</p> <p>Scott was accepted to Harvard Law School as one of nineteen women in a class of 550. Facing blatant sexism and a brutally competitive environment, the female classmates—including Elizabeth Dole and Janet Reno—formed deep, enduring bonds with each other.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p> <p>Scott met Jim Schroeder, a fellow Harvard Law student, at a party, and they were married before the start of their second year. He admired and encouraged her independent and ambitious personality.</p> <h2>Colorado and Congress</h2> <p>After graduation, the couple moved to Colorado. Jim was offered jobs at top law firms in Colorado, while Pat had trouble finding a job. Law firms were reluctant to hire female lawyers, believing they were less capable and would leave the job when they started a family. Pat took a job at the Denver office of the federal National Labor Relations Board, taught at Colorado colleges, and did legal volunteer work for Planned Parenthood.</p> <p>In 1966 the Schroeders had their first child, Scott, followed in 1970 by their second child, Jamie Christine. There was no maternity leave for women, so Schroeder quit her job to take care of their children.</p> <p>Jim Schroeder ran for a seat in the <strong>state legislature</strong> in 1970. He lost but remained involved in Colorado politics. In 1971, when a committee was looking for a candidate to run in the First Congressional District, which had a popular Republican incumbent, someone suggested his wife. Pat Schroeder decided to run, with Jim acting as her campaign manager. Campaigning on an anti–Vietnam War platform, she also focused on children, the elderly, housing, and the environment. From an office in their basement, the campaign created thought-provoking posters and planned celebrity fundraisers that included Gloria Steinem and Shirley MacLaine. Schroeder canvassed Denver neighborhoods to meet voters personally. When the 1972 election returns came in, Schroeder had won 52 percent of the vote.</p> <h2>Inside the Beltway</h2> <p>Schroeder was thirty-two years old and the mother of two small children when the family moved to Washington, DC, for Schroeder&nbsp;to serve in Congress. As one of the youngest women ever elected to Congress, she received considerable attention from the media, her congressional colleagues, and the public. She acknowledged she was juggling two jobs—working woman and mother—bringing a diaper bag to Congress and keeping crayons in her office. She lived her conviction that women across the country could do both jobs well.</p> <h2>Legislating for Women</h2> <p>When Schroeder entered Congress in 1973, she was one of only fourteen women in the House. At the time, women earned 40 percent less than men, could not get a credit card in their own name, had limited access to birth control, could be fired for being pregnant, and made up a disproportionate share of people living in poverty. The women’s rights movement was making demands for the Equal Rights Amendment, federal assistance for child care, an end to gender discrimination at work, and freedom of choice concerning abortion. Schroeder was determined to make the government an ally of women and children.</p> <p>In 1977 Schroeder became a founding member of the Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues, chairing it for ten years. Schroeder focused her energy on women’s rights and reforms affecting the family, including women’s health care, childcare, maternity leave, family planning, and gender equity in the workplace. In 1993 the Family and Medical Leave Act culminated years of work in this area. Colorado ratified the Equal Rights Amendment under her leadership, though the amendment failed to garner enough states to become part of the Constitution.</p> <p>In 1987 Schroeder briefly sought the Democratic nomination for president. Realizing that she would not be able to get enough delegates for the nomination, Schroeder resigned from the race in an emotional press conference. She teared up during the announcement, causing hostile backlash from feminists and conservatives alike.</p> <h2>House Armed Services Committee</h2> <p>Schroeder entered Congress at a time when the Vietnam War was dividing the nation. During her first term, she became the first woman to serve on the House Armed Services Committee<ins cite="mailto:S%20Manes" datetime="2021-11-16T18:47">,</ins> to the dismay of entrenched committee members. She advocated for the rights of women in the military and crusaded against excessive military spending. The Military Family Leave Act, which Schroeder sponsored, improved benefits and living conditions for military personnel and their families. She brought attention to sexual harassment in the military and advocated for women to serve on combat missions.</p> <h2>Wit</h2> <p>Schroeder spent twelve terms in Congress and was known for her quick, biting wit and her clever one-liners that cut to the heart of an issue. Most famously, she dubbed Ronald Re<ins cite="mailto:S%20Manes" datetime="2021-11-16T18:47">a</ins>gan the “Teflon President” for retaining his popularity in spite of high-profile scandals in his administration. None of the dirt stuck to him. When asked about her ability to balance her political work with motherhood, she replied, “I have a brain and a uterus, and they both work.” She joked that if the Pentagon officials were women<ins cite="mailto:S%20Manes" datetime="2021-11-16T18:48">,</ins> they would always be pregnant because they never said no.</p> <p>Schroeder was aggressive in showing her opposition to the status quo, organizing press conferences, interviews, and protests to publicize her positions. Despite her no-nonsense approach to issues, she enjoyed the spotlight and embraced a certain amount of “quirkiness,” including dressing in costumes for holidays and signing her name with a smiley&nbsp;face.</p> <h2>Later Life</h2> <p>Schroeder did not seek reelection in 1996 and left the House of Representatives the following year. During her tenure in Congress, she opened doors for women in political office and left a legacy of legislation that valued women and families. She was succeeded by Democrat <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/diana-degette"><strong>Diana DeGette</strong></a>.</p> <p>From 1997 to 2007, Schroeder worked as president and CEO of the Association of American Publishers. She advocated for stronger copyright laws and making materials more accessible to people with disabilities. She has also written two books of her own: <em>Champion of the Great American Family</em> (1989) and <em>24 Years of House Work . . .&nbsp;and the Place Is Still a Mess</em> (1998).</p> <p>Schroeder was inducted into the Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame in 1985 and the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 1995. She and her husband retired and relocated to Celebration, Florida, where she remains active in local and national politics.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/duncan-elizabeth" hreflang="und">Duncan, Elizabeth</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/pat-schroeder" hreflang="en">Pat Schroeder</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/politicians" hreflang="en">politicians</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-womens-history" hreflang="en">colorado women&#039;s history</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-congresspeople" hreflang="en">colorado congresspeople</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/us-congress" hreflang="en">us congress</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Joan A. Lowy, <em>Pat Schroeder: A Woman of the House </em>(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2003).</p> <p>Pat Schroeder, <em>Champion of the Great American Family: A Personal and Political Book</em> (New York: Random House, 1989).</p> <p>Jeanne Varnell,&nbsp;<em>Women of Consequence: The Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame</em>&nbsp;(Boulder: Johnson Books, 1999).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Karen Foerstel and Herbert N. Foerstel, <em>Climbing the Hill: Gender Conflict in Congress</em> (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 01 Dec 2021 22:10:37 +0000 yongli 3643 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Diana DeGette http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/diana-degette <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Diana DeGette</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--3324--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--3324.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/diana-degette"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Diana_DeGette_Media_1_0.jpg?itok=d3Bm2i1y" width="683" height="1023" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/diana-degette" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Diana DeGette</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span style="color: rgb(59, 59, 59); font-family: Lato, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15.4px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Diana DeGette was elected to represent Colorado's 2nd District in the US House of Representatives in 1997. DeGette took over from fellow Democrat Pat Schroeder, the first woman elected to Congress in Colorado. DeGette took up a number of Schroeder's causes and added some of her own as well, including civil and reproductive rights, expanded access to healthcare and education, and environmental protections.</span></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2020-06-09T15:03:06-06:00" title="Tuesday, June 9, 2020 - 15:03" class="datetime">Tue, 06/09/2020 - 15:03</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/diana-degette" data-a2a-title="Diana DeGette"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fdiana-degette&amp;title=Diana%20DeGette"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Diana DeGette (1957– ) is a lawyer and politician who has represented Colorado’s First <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-congressional-districts"><strong>Congressional District</strong></a>—the city of <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>—in the US House of Representatives since 1997. A member of the <strong>Democratic Party</strong>, DeGette is known for her ardent support of reproductive and civil rights, environmental protection, and increased access to healthcare. Before serving in Congress, DeGette attended <strong>Colorado College </strong>and served in the state legislature.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Life</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Diana Louise DeGette was born in Tachikawa, Japan, on July 29, 1957, to Patricia and Richard DeGette. Her father was an architect in the air force, and her mother was a teacher. She was the oldest of five children. The family soon returned to Denver, where DeGette spent most of her childhood. She recalls being deeply affected by the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., in 1968, an event that inspired her commitment to civil rights. She attended South High School, graduating in 1975.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>DeGette graduated from Colorado College in <a href="/article/colorado-springs"><strong>Colorado Springs</strong></a> in 1979. She earned a JD from New York University in 1982 and returned to Colorado to work as a public defender and civil rights lawyer. In 1985 she married attorney Lino Lipinsky, and the couple has two children, Raphaela and Francesca.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Political Career</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>DeGette was elected to represent Colorado’s Sixth District in the state legislature in 1992, and she was made assistant minority leader by the end of her first term. During this time, the Colorado legislature dealt with Colorado’s <a href="http://www.coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/amendment-2"><strong>Amendment 2</strong></a>, a ballot initiative approved by voters in 1992 that removed antidiscrimination protections for LGBTQ people and was opposed by DeGette.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After one term, in 1996 DeGette decided to seek national office. She sought to succeed Representative <strong>Pat Schroeder</strong>, who had announced her retirement. With Schroeder’s endorsement and backing from environmental and labor groups, DeGette won the First Congressional District seat with 56 percent of the vote, defeating Republican lawyer <strong>Joe Rogers</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Civil Rights</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>When DeGette entered the House of Representatives, she made the protection of LGBTQ rights and women’s rights a priority. This position placed her in opposition to Republican Speaker Newt Gingrich, who was leading conservative efforts to slash welfare and education funding, as well as incorporate conservative Christian values into law.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1996, just before DeGette’s election, Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defined marriage in the United States as between one man and one woman. DeGette was one of several Democrats to oppose the act, which was eventually signed by President Bill Clinton. During her decades in Congress, DeGette has proven to be a consistent advocate for LGBTQ rights. In 2006 she voted against a proposed constitutional amendment—championed by the George W. Bush administration—that would have restricted marriage to heterosexual couples.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2018 DeGette spoke out against the US Supreme Court <strong>ruling in favor of Masterpiece Cakeshop</strong> in <strong>Lakewood</strong>, Colorado, whose owner had refused to bake a same-sex wedding cake for two of DeGette’s constituents. She used the ruling to argue in favor of passing the Equality Act, which would prohibit discrimination based on sex or sexual orientation. The bill passed the House of Representatives in 2019 and is in the Senate as of April 2020.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>DeGette has also prioritized women’s rights and reproductive freedom. She has repeatedly voted against bills that would have blocked federal funding for abortions or defunded Planned Parenthood.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Health Care</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Along with LGBTQ and women’s rights, health care has been one of DeGette’s primary concerns while in Congress. In the Gingrich Congress, DeGette argued for the protection of Social Security and other major entitlement programs that Republicans targeted for budget cuts. She has also supported legislation to help poor families receive Medicaid, to expand medical research, to create better standards for medical equipment for children, and to improve care for diabetics.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2019, as evidence mounted for the health risks of e-cigarette smoking, or “vaping,” DeGette introduced two bills aimed to curb vaping among teens. One would raise the national tobacco purchasing age from eighteen to twenty-one and another would ban the sale of flavored vape juices used in e-cigarette cartridges.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Environment</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>DeGette has also championed environmental protections, most recently through her introduction of the <strong>Colorado Wilderness Act</strong> in 2019. Passed by the House in February 2020, the legislation would designate certain federal lands in Colorado as wilderness areas, placing greater restrictions on their development. DeGette also serves on the House Natural Resources Committee and the Committee on Energy and Commerce.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Reputation</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Throughout her career, DeGette has earned a reputation among her peers for her willingness to take on complex laws and problems, with an emphasis on evidence and detail.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>DeGette has earned high ratings from progressive groups, including 100 percent ratings from the Planned Parenthood Action Fund, the American Medical Association Pact, and Sierra Club. She earned a 55 percent rating from the more conservative US Chamber of Commerce and a 13 percent rating from the National Rifle Association.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Recent Elections</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Since winning her House seat in 1996, DeGette has not been seriously challenged in an election. In 2018 she was reelected with 73.8 percent of the vote over Republican challenger Casper Stockham. In 2019 Crisanta Duran, a Democrat and former speaker of the Colorado House, announced her intention to challenge DeGette in the 2020 election; however, lackluster fundraising and organizing forced Duran to abandon her campaign later that year. In the 2020 election, Degette defeated Republican challenger Shane Bolling and three others, winning 75 percent of the vote.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/diana-degette" hreflang="en">diana degette</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/congress" hreflang="en">congress</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-politics" hreflang="en">colorado politics</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/democrats" hreflang="en">democrats</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/house-representatives" hreflang="en">house of representatives</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-congressional-districts" hreflang="en">colorado congressional districts</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/pat-schroeder" hreflang="en">Pat Schroeder</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver" hreflang="en">Denver</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Conor McCormick-Cavanagh, “<a href="https://www.westword.com/news/diana-degette-pushing-legislation-to-fight-teen-vaping-epidemic-11465783">Diana DeGette Fighting Vaping Epidemic, Pushing to Curb Teen E-Cig Use</a>,” <em>Westword</em>, August 29, 2019.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“<a href="https://degette.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/degette-affirms-support-for-lgbtq-public-accommodations-protections">DeGette Affirms Support for LGBTQ Public Accommodations Protections After Masterpiece Ruling</a>,” Congresswoman Diana DeGette, Press Release, June 4, 2018.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>John Frank, “<a href="https://coloradosun.com/2019/10/11/crisanta-duran-withdraw-congress-diana-degette/">Crisanta Duran, Once a Rising Democratic Star, Abandons Bid to Unseat Diana DeGette</a>,” <em>Colorado Sun</em>, October 11, 2019.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2546">H.R. 2546—Protecting America’s Wilderness Act</a>,” 116th Congress, 2019.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/5/text">H.R. 5—Equality Act</a>,” 116th Congress, 2020.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Scott Kersgaard, “<a href="https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2012/05/31/fed-court-ruling-in-doma-case-a-victory-for-states-rights/">Fed Court Ruling in DOMA Case a Victory for States’ Rights</a>,” <em>Colorado Independent</em>, May 31, 2012.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Molly A. Mayhead and Brenda DeVore Marshall, <em>Women’s Political Discourse: A 21st-Century Perspective</em> (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/">Rep. Diana DeGette Wins Colorado’s 1st Congressional District Seat</a>,” <em>Washington Post</em>, updated April 8, 2020.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>US House of Representatives, Committee on House Administration, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wz9OB2xLGecC&amp;pg=PA818&amp;dq=diana+degette&amp;hl=en&amp;newbks=1&amp;newbks_redir=0&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjEjJ2ln-joAhWTU80KHaDRCoEQ6AEwBXoECAgQAg#v=onepage&amp;q=diana%20degette&amp;f=false"><em>Women in Congress</em></a><em>, 1917–2006</em> (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2006).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Justin Wingerter, "<a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2020/11/03/jason-crow-steve-house-cd6-colorado-race/">US House incumbents in Colorado win reelection</a>," The Denver Post, November 3, 2020.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://degette.house.gov/">Diana DeGette for Congress</a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://www.ontheissues.org/House/Diana_DeGette.htm">Diana DeGette on the Issues</a>, OnTheIssues.org.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Tue, 09 Jun 2020 21:03:06 +0000 yongli 3277 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Colorado Congressional Districts http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-congressional-districts <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado Congressional Districts</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2020-06-09T14:59:51-06:00" title="Tuesday, June 9, 2020 - 14:59" class="datetime">Tue, 06/09/2020 - 14:59</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-congressional-districts" data-a2a-title="Colorado Congressional Districts"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcolorado-congressional-districts&amp;title=Colorado%20Congressional%20Districts"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Colorado is divided into seven Congressional districts according to population, with each district represented by an elected member of the United States House of Representatives. Colorado representatives serve two-year terms, as required by the US Constitution. There are no term limits for members of Congress. Colorado’s longest-serving representative is currently Democrat <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/diana-degette"><strong>Diana DeGette</strong></a>, who has served since 1997.</p> <h2>Descriptions</h2> <p>Colorado’s First Congressional District encompasses the city of <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>. The Second District covers northern Colorado, including <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fort-collins"><strong>Fort Collins</strong></a>, <a href="/article/grand-county"><strong>Grand County</strong></a>, <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/boulder"><strong>Boulder</strong></a>, and <a href="/article/summit-county"><strong>Summit County</strong></a>. The Third District encompasses all of <a href="/article/western-slope"><strong>western Colorado</strong></a>, the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>, and <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/pueblo-county"><strong>Pueblo County</strong></a>. The Fourth District includes all of the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado’s-great-plains"><strong>Great Plains</strong></a> and southeast Colorado. The Fifth District includes <a href="/article/colorado-springs"><strong>Colorado Springs</strong></a>, <a href="/article/park-county"><strong>South Park</strong></a>, and <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/cripple-creek"><strong>Cripple Creek</strong></a>. The Sixth and Seventh Districts cover the rest of the Denver Metro area, including <strong>Aurora</strong> and <strong>Littleton</strong> (Sixth), and <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/golden"><strong>Golden</strong></a>, <strong>Arvada</strong>, and <strong>Westminster</strong> (Seventh).</p> <h2>Representatives</h2> <p>First District—Diana DeGette (D), elected 1996</p> <p>Second District—<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/joe-neguse"><strong>Joe Neguse</strong></a> (D), elected 2018</p> <p>Third District—<strong>Scott Tipton</strong> (R), elected 2010</p> <p>Fourth District—<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/ken-buck"><strong>Ken Buck</strong></a> (R), elected 2014</p> <p>Fifth District—<strong>Doug Lamborn</strong> (R), elected 2006</p> <p>Sixth District—<strong>Jason Crow</strong> (D), elected 2018</p> <p>Seventh District—<strong>Ed Perlmutter</strong> (D), elected 2006</p> <h2>History</h2> <p>From its founding in 1861 until statehood in 1876, the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-territory"><strong>Colorado Territory</strong></a> was represented in Washington, DC, by one delegate, elected by popular vote. After statehood, the delegate became a representative, and the number of representatives depended on state population, as laid out in the US Constitution. From 1913 to 1915, the state had two representatives. Since then Colorado has added more districts as its population has grown, reaching its current total of seven in 2012.</p> <h2>Notable Representatives</h2> <p>Colorado’s first territorial delegate was <strong>Hiram P. Bennet</strong>, Republican, who served from 1861 to 1865. The first US representative for the state of Colorado was <strong>James B. Belford</strong>, Republican, who served from 1876 to 1877 and again from 1879 to 1885.</p> <p>In the twentieth century, a pair of Democratic representatives helped protect Colorado’s public lands and water resources. <strong>Edward T. Taylor</strong>, who served from 1909 to 1941, authored the <strong>Taylor Grazing Act of 1934</strong>, which regulated grazing on federal land. Taylor’s successor, <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/wayne-aspinall"><strong>Wayne Aspinall</strong></a>, represented Colorado’s Fourth District from 1949 to 1973 and is known for his <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/irrigation-colorado"><strong>irrigation</strong></a> projects and defense of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/water-law"><strong>water</strong> <strong>rights</strong></a> on the <a href="/article/western-slope"><strong>Western Slope</strong></a>. Aspinall championed the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-river"><strong>Colorado River</strong></a> Storage Project of 1956.</p> <p><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/patricia-pat-schroeder"><strong>Patricia Schroeder</strong></a> became the first congresswoman in Colorado history when she was elected as a Democrat to represent the state’s First District in 1973. Her successor, Diana DeGette, has continued Schroeder’s advocacy for women’s and reproductive rights, among other progressive causes. Meanwhile, <a href="/article/greeley"><strong>Greeley</strong></a> native <strong>Marilyn Musgrave</strong> was the first Republican woman elected to Congress in Colorado, representing the state’s Fourth District from 2003 to 2009. Musgrave staunchly opposed abortion, gun control, and unions and was consistently recognized as one of the most conservative members of Congress.</p> <p>Elected to represent Colorado’s Third District in 1986, <strong>Ben Nighthorse Campbell </strong>was the first member of the <strong>Cheyenne</strong> Tribe to serve in Congress. Campbell began his political career as a House Democrat but switched to the Republican Party after he was elected to the Senate in the early 1990s.</p> <p>Current governor <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/jared-polis"><strong>Jared Polis</strong></a>, Democrat, represented Colorado’s Second District from 2009 to 2019. His successor in the Second District, <strong>Joe Neguse</strong>, Democrat, became Colorado’s first African American elected to the House of Representatives.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/congress" hreflang="en">congress</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-representatives" hreflang="en">colorado representatives</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/democrats" hreflang="en">democrats</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/republicans" hreflang="en">republicans</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/politics" hreflang="en">Politics</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-politics" hreflang="en">colorado politics</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/congressional-districts" hreflang="en">congressional districts</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/house-representatives" hreflang="en">house of representatives</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-congresspeople" hreflang="en">colorado congresspeople</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/diana-degette" hreflang="en">diana degette</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/pat-schroeder" hreflang="en">Pat Schroeder</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/bob-beauprez" hreflang="en">bob beauprez</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/edward-t-taylor-0" hreflang="en">edward t taylor</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Carl Abbott, Stephen Leonard, and David McComb, <em>Colorado: A History of the Centennial State </em>3rd ed. (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 1994).</p> <p>Colorado State Board of Education, “<a href="https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdeboard/congressional_district_map">Colorado Congressional District Information</a>,” n.d.</p> <p>Govtrack, “<a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/CO#representatives">Colorado Representatives</a>,” n.d.</p> <p>Haley Gray, “<a href="https://www.5280.com/meet-joe-neguse-colorados-first-african-american-congressman/">Meet Joe Neguse, Colorado’s First African-American Congressman</a>,” <em>5280 Magazine</em>, January 16, 2019.</p> <p>US House of Representatives, “<a href="https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/22724">Taylor, Edward Thomas</a>,” n.d.</p> <p>US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, “<a href="https://www.blm.gov/programs/natural-resources/rangelands-and-grazing/livestock-grazing/about">About Livestock Grazing on Public Lands</a>,” n.d.</p> <p>Herman J. Viola, <em>Ben Nighthorse Campbell: An American Warrior </em>(Boulder, CO: Johnson Books, 2002).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Eugene Berwanger, <em>The Rise of the Centennial State: Colorado Territory, 1861–76 </em>(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007).</p> <p>Thomas E. Cronin and Robert D. Loevy, <em>Colorado Politics and Policy: Governing a Purple State </em>(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2012).</p> <p>Thomas J. Noel and Carol Zuber-Mallison, <em>Colorado: A Historical Atlas </em>(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Tue, 09 Jun 2020 20:59:51 +0000 yongli 3276 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org