%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en St. Francis of Assisi Mission Church http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/st-francis-assisi-mission-church <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">St. Francis of Assisi Mission Church </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-11-22T12:37:20-07:00" title="Tuesday, November 22, 2016 - 12:37" class="datetime">Tue, 11/22/2016 - 12:37</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/st-francis-assisi-mission-church" data-a2a-title="St. Francis of Assisi Mission Church "><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fst-francis-assisi-mission-church&amp;title=St.%20Francis%20of%20Assisi%20Mission%20Church%09"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Built in 1881, St. Francis of Assisi Mission Church is a Catholic church in Los Valdeses, a town along the <strong>Rio Grande</strong> about halfway between <strong>Del Norte</strong> and <strong>Monte Vista</strong>. One of the few Hispano churches in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a> with a cruciform plan, St. Francis of Assisi held regular Masses until the 1990s and continues to be maintained by the community. In 2002 the building was listed on the State Register of Historic Properties.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Settlers Along the Rio Grande</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Hispanos first settled the land around what is now Los Valdeses or Sevenmile Plaza in the 1860s and 1870s. In 1866 early settlers built the first <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/irrigation-colorado"><strong>irrigation</strong></a> ditches in the area. Soon more migrants from New Mexico and the nearby town of La Loma de San Jose (near Del Norte) were moving to what was known as Loma de Abaja, which lay along the Rio Grande on the road between Del Norte and Monte Vista. In the early 1870s priests from <strong>Conejos</strong> traveled to the growing settlement to celebrate Mass, but at the end of the decade the area started to be served by a new parish established at La Garita.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the early 1880s, about seventy-five families lived in Loma de Abaja. The dispersed town on the south side of the Rio Grande was starting to be called Valdez or Valdeses after Juan Valdez, who had moved there in the early 1870s from Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. The area continued to grow after the <strong>Denver &amp; Rio Grande Railroad</strong> was constructed through Valdez’s land in 1881. A daily train stopped at nearby Freeman Switch, allowing residents to commute to Del Norte and Monte Vista. Businesses sprang up on the north side of the Rio Grande in an area that started to be known as Sevenmile Plaza.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>St. Francis of Assisi Mission Church</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1881, the year that the railroad arrived, local residents paid for and built St. Francis of Assisi Mission Church on land donated by the Valdez family. The church was a rectangular single-nave building like many other mission churches in the San Luis Valley. It had thirty-inch-thick adobe walls atop a rubble stone foundation. Inside, the dirt floor followed the natural slope of the land from the eastern entrance up to the western altar. There were benches instead of pews, and parishioners brought a chunk of firewood to Mass for the church’s wood stove. Both Juan Valdez and his wife, Maria Nestoria Salazar, were supposedly buried in the floor of the church near the altar after they died in the late 1880s.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The community expanded and renovated the church several times in the twentieth century. The most significant expansion occurred in 1925, when transepts were added on both sides to create a cruciform plan. Around the same time, a wood floor was installed over the original dirt floor, the interior adobe walls were redone, and two small rooms for a sacristy and storage were added in the northwest and southwest corners where the transepts met the central building.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1930s the church was often so crowded that some parishioners had to stand. The community held special celebrations for the Feasts of San Isidro and Corpus Christi in the spring and the Feast of St. Francis in the fall.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>During World War II, German prisoners of war installed electricity in the church and other buildings in the area. Also in the 1940s, the community installed a new main altar from Spain, which was so tall that the roof above it had to be raised. At some point the wood floor was replaced with concrete and tile. After World War II, the town’s population dropped significantly, but until the 1990s Mass was celebrated weekly or monthly at the church.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Today, local residents still think of St. Francis of Assisi as their home church, but many travel to Del Norte or Monte Vista for regular services. They continue to maintain the church and gather there on October 4 to celebrate the Feast of St. Francis.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/hispano-settlers" hreflang="en">Hispano settlers</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/juan-valdez" hreflang="en">Juan Valdez</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/sevenmile-plaza" hreflang="en">Sevenmile Plaza</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/los-valdeses" hreflang="en">Los Valdeses</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, “St. Francis of Assisi Mission Church,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties Nomination Form (October 4, 2001).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado,</em> ed. Arturo Aldama (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Tue, 22 Nov 2016 19:37:20 +0000 yongli 2094 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org San Rafael Presbyterian Church http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-rafael-presbyterian-church <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">San Rafael Presbyterian Church</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-11-21T16:27:34-07:00" title="Monday, November 21, 2016 - 16:27" class="datetime">Mon, 11/21/2016 - 16:27</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-rafael-presbyterian-church" data-a2a-title="San Rafael Presbyterian Church"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fsan-rafael-presbyterian-church&amp;title=San%20Rafael%20Presbyterian%20Church"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located in Mogote in the southern <strong><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley">San Luis Valley</a> (</strong>4907 Co Rd 9, Antonito, CO 81120), San Rafael Presbyterian Church was probably built in 1895–97 and used regularly until 1965. It is the second-oldest church in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/conejos-county"><strong>Conejos County</strong></a> and one of the few historically Spanish-speaking Presbyterian churches in Colorado. In 1999 it was listed on the State Register of Historic Properties, and in the early 2000s it was restored with the help of grants from the State Historical Fund.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Presbyterianism in the San Luis Valley</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>When the San Luis Valley was first settled by Hispano migrants from New Mexico in the 1850s and 1860s, its new residents were largely if not entirely Catholic. Presbyterians did not make inroads in the region until about 1875, when they organized a church in <strong>Del Norte</strong>. From there, Presbyterianism began to spread west to the <a href="/article/san-juan-mountains"><strong>San Juan Mountains</strong></a> as well as to other towns in the San Luis Valley. From 1875 to 1877, Reverend Alexander Darley was stationed in Del Norte and distributed copies of the Bible throughout the valley. Soon churches were organized in <strong>Antonito</strong>, Cenicerro, and <strong>Alamosa</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Presbyterianism spread even more widely in the San Luis Valley after 1878, when the <strong>Colorado Presbytery</strong> decided to establish thirty mission schools in southern Colorado over the next fifteen years, including six in the valley. The mission schools taught Hispanic children English and also gave them scriptural lessons. The schools were popular for about a generation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, since they offered an easy way to learn English (and thus entry into the new Anglo economic order in the valley) in the years before a strong local public school system was established. During that period Presbyterian mission schools operated in <strong>San Luis</strong>, La Costilla, Capulin, San Pablo, Ortiz, and Mogote, and Presbyterian churches were established in Capulin, La Jara, Ortiz, San Pablo, and Mogote.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>A Presbyterian Church and School in Mogote</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1854 Hispano migrants moving up the <strong>Conejos River</strong> from Guadalupe first settled the town of Mogote. Presbyterian missionaries arrived in the 1880s. In 1893, twenty-seven Presbyterian converts in town formed San Rafael Presbyterian Church. In 1895 a Presbyterian mission school opened, and the congregation acquired land on the south side of town for the construction of an adobe church building.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Completed in 1897, the church was a Territorial Adobe building that employed an unusual mix of architectural features. The main entrance was in a bell tower set at a forty-five-degree angle on the northeast corner of the church. The lower portion of the tower was adobe, like the rest of the church, but the upper portion had clapboard siding. The main body of the building had a hipped roof instead of the front-gabled roof that is typical for San Luis Valley churches. Inside, the church had plaster walls, wood floors, and twenty-two pews that the congregation fashioned from local timber. Outside, a gate leading from the road had an arch with the words “DIOS ES AMOR” (God is love) painted in large letters.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The congregation expanded San Rafael Presbyterian three times in the first half of the twentieth century. In 1911 the rear of the building was lengthened by about twenty feet to add extra space. Sometime in the next two decades a small southern addition was built, which was used as a Sunday school room and children’s nursery. In 1950 the congregation added a north annex, giving the building a T shape.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>At its height in 1920, San Rafael Presbyterian had about 140 members. The congregation declined after the local Presbyterian school closed in 1922, and it shrank even more as younger residents moved to larger cities during the Great Depression and in the decades after World War II. By 1965 the congregation numbered only thirty members and decided to merge with United Presbyterian Church in Antonito, about five miles away. San Rafael Presbyterian continued to be used occasionally into the 1970s, but after that it sat empty and fell into disrepair.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1990s, locals held an annual summer service and picnic in the San Rafael Presbyterian churchyard. By 1998, a committee of former church members led by Margie Garcia started to work toward a full restoration of the building. In 1999 the group got the church listed as a state historic property, and in 2001 the nonprofit Colorado Preservation Inc. named the church one of the state’s “Most Endangered Places” to draw attention to its preservation. Over the next decade, the church was able to secure more than $300,000 in grants from the State Historical Fund. The money went toward the installation of electricity and indoor plumbing as well as repairs to the ceiling, wood floor, and adobe walls. The restoration was finished in July 2010, and the church held a completion ceremony attended by more than 250 people with ties to the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Today the restored church is used during the summer for religious services and other events.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mogote" hreflang="en">Mogote</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/presbyterianism" hreflang="en">Presbyterianism</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Margie Garcia, “San Rafael Presbyterian Church,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties (February 1999).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Matt Hildner, <a href="https://www.chieftain.com/errors/404/">“No Heat in Church? Then Christmas in July,”</a> <em>Pueblo Chieftain</em>, July 16, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>M. H. MacLeod, <em>Historical Sketch of the Presbytery of Pueblo and Proceedings of Its Quarter Century Celebration</em> (Pueblo, CO: M. H. MacLeod, 1906).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Leland Feitz, <em>Conejos County: A Quick History of Colorado’s Land of Many Contrasts</em>, rev. ed. (Colorado Springs, CO: Little London Press, 1998).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em>, ed. Arturo Aldama (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Frances Harvey Mead, <em>Conejos Country</em> (Colorado Springs, CO: Century One Press, 1984).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 21 Nov 2016 23:27:34 +0000 yongli 2092 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Capilla de San Juan Bautista (Church of Saint John the Baptist) http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/capilla-de-san-juan-bautista-church-saint-john-baptist <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capilla de San Juan Bautista (Church of Saint John the Baptist) </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2087--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2087.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/capilla-de-san-juan-bautista"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Capilla_de_San_Juan_Bautista_0.jpg?itok=xLJmxeYN" width="1000" height="875" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/capilla-de-san-juan-bautista" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capilla de San Juan Bautista</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Capilla de San Juan Bautista was constructed in 1924–26 in La Garita in the San Luis Valley. It replaced a similar church that was built in 1879 and burned down in 1924.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-11-18T17:21:17-07:00" title="Friday, November 18, 2016 - 17:21" class="datetime">Fri, 11/18/2016 - 17:21</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/capilla-de-san-juan-bautista-church-saint-john-baptist" data-a2a-title="Capilla de San Juan Bautista (Church of Saint John the Baptist) "><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcapilla-de-san-juan-bautista-church-saint-john-baptist&amp;title=Capilla%20de%20San%20Juan%20Bautista%20%28Church%20of%20Saint%20John%20the%20Baptist%29%20"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located in La Garita in the northwestern <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>, Capilla de San Juan Bautista was built in 1924–26 as a Catholic mission church. It replaced an earlier church on the same site, which served as the area’s parish church from 1879 to 1895 but burned down in 1924. After the church was abandoned in the 1960s, it was taken over by a local women’s craft cooperative called Artes del Valle before being restored in the 2000s as part of the San Juan Catholic Spiritual Center.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>A Parish Church in La Garita</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1851, Hispanos pushing north from the New Mexican towns of Abiquiú​ and El Rito established the first permanent settlements in the western San Luis Valley at <strong>Guadalupe</strong> along the <strong>Conejos River</strong>. From there, settlements gradually extended farther north, and in 1858 settlers established La Garita. By 1870 the town was home to the most northerly morada (unconsecrated worship space) in the San Luis Valley.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>A growing number of Catholic settlers streamed into the northern San Luis Valley in the 1870s, after a series of treaties removed the <strong>Southern Ute Indians</strong> from the valley and opened the <a href="/article/san-juan-mountains"><strong>San Juan Mountains</strong></a> to mining and settlement. Church leaders decided a new parish was needed to serve the communities far north of <strong>Conejos</strong>, where the existing parish was headquartered. La Garita was selected as the site of the new parish church, rectory, and cemetery, which were built on land donated by Jose Julian Espinosa and his wife, Rufina Montoya.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Named for San Juan Bautista (St. John the Baptist), the Territorial Adobe parish church in La Garita was dedicated on June 24, 1879, the Feast of St. John the Baptist. It served as the parish church until 1895, when the parish headquarters moved to <strong>Holy Name of Mary Catholic Church</strong> in <strong>Del Norte</strong>. San Juan Bautista became a mission church served by traveling priests from Del Norte. The Sisters of Loretto at the Foot of the Cross started to use the former rectory as a residence when they came to teach in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Building a New Church</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1924 the church burned to the ground. Construction on a replacement started later that year. Completed in 1926, the new Capilla de San Juan Bautista was a Territorial Adobe structure that resembled the previous church. It had twenty-inch-thick adobe walls with a white stucco coating and was topped by a gabled roof with a central two-story bell tower and distinctive six-armed cross. The building’s arched windows showed Gothic Revival influences. Inside, the church had stucco walls, wood floors, and a stamped-metal ceiling.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Juan Bautista was used regularly until the 1960s, when it was abandoned. It stood vacant for several years and fell into disrepair. In 1973 it was taken over by Artes del Valle, a local women’s craft cooperative, which used the building to display and sell their products. By that time, the adjacent adobe rectory had largely collapsed and had only a few walls still standing. The cooperative worked to get the church listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and secured State Historical Fund grants in the 1990s for restoration work on the building. After Artes del Valle closed in the early 2000s, Capilla de San Juan Bautista was vacant again.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2007 Father Joseph Vigil of the San Juan Catholic Community led an effort to revitalize the historic Capilla de San Juan Bautista. As a result of his leadership and significant donations from the Archuleta and Kulp families, in 2009 the church started to be restored as part of the San Juan Catholic Spiritual Center. In addition to the church, the spiritual center includes the San Juan Bautista Monument, built in 2009 using a surviving wall from the property’s old adobe rectory; the St. John Paul II Rosary Walk, completed in 2012; and the historic Carnero Creek Cemetery. The monument, Rosary Walk, and cemetery are open every day, and the church is used to celebrate Mass on the Feast of St. John the Baptist in June and the Feast of the Archangels in September.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/la-garita" hreflang="en">La Garita</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/catholicism" hreflang="en">Catholicism</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/hispano-settlers" hreflang="en">Hispano settlers</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Beatrice Baca with Frank White and Bob Buchanan, “Capilla de San Juan Bautista,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form (May 1, 1979).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em>, ed. Arturo Aldama (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>Capilla de San Juan Bautista is a Catholic mission church. It was built in 1924 – 26. It is located in La Garita in the northwestern San Luis Valley. The church was later abandoned in the 1960s. It was then used by Artes del Valle (Arts of the Valley), a women’s craft group. In the 2000s, the church was restored. It is now part of the San Juan Catholic Spiritual Center.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>A Parish Church in La Garita</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1850s Hispano settlers moved north from New Mexico towns. They settled in Colorado’s western San Luis Valley. In 1858 settlers started the town of La Garita (The Lookout). By 1870 the town had a morada, a worship space that had not been declared sacred. The morada in La Garita was the farthest north in the valley.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>More Catholics were moving to the valley. Treaties had removed the Southern Ute Indians. The treaties also opened the <strong><a href="/article/san-juan-mountains">San Juan Mountains</a> </strong>to mining and settlement. Church leaders needed a new parish that would serve the northern part of the valley. La Garita was selected as the site. It would have a new parish church and cemetery. It would also have a rectory, a home for priests.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The church was named for San Juan Bautista. It was dedicated on June 24, 1879. This is the Feast day of Saint John the Baptist. It served as the parish church until 1895. Then the parish headquarters moved. San Juan Bautista became a mission church. It was served by traveling priests from Del Norte. A group of nuns called Sisters of Loretto at the Foot of the Cross started to use the former rectory. They stayed there when they came to teach.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Building a New Church</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1924 the church burned to the ground. Work to replace the church began that year. It was completed in 1926. White stucco coated the thick adobe walls. Its roof had a gable. It was topped by a central two-story bell tower and unusual six-armed cross. Inside, the church had stucco walls and wood floors. Its ceiling was stamped-metal.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Juan Bautista was used until the 1960s. Then it stood vacant for several years. It needed repair. In 1973 it was taken over by Artes del Valle. This women’s group sold crafts in the building. By then, the rectory was mostly fallen down. Only a few walls were still standing. In 1980 the women’s cooperative worked hard to restore the building. They got the church listed on the National Register of Historic Places. But when Artes del Valle closed in the early 2000s, the church was vacant again.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2007 Father Joseph Vigil got involved. He wanted to restore Capilla de San Juan Bautista. The Archuleta and Kulp families gave money. Father Vigil provided leadership. Work started in 2009. The church is now part of the San Juan Catholic Spiritual Center. This center also has a rosary walk and cemetery. Mass is celebrated at the church in June for the Feast of Saint John the Baptist. It is also celebrated in September for the Feast of the Archangels.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>Capilla de San Juan Bautista was built in 1924–26 as a Catholic mission church. It is located in La Garita in the northwestern San Luis Valley. An earlier church had served as the area’s parish church from 1879 to 1895 but burned down in 1924. The current building, on the same site, replaced the earlier structure. The church was abandoned in the 1960s. It was then used by a local women’s craft cooperative called Artes del Valle (Arts of the Valley). It was restored in the 2000s as part of the San Juan Catholic Spiritual Center.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>A Parish Church in La Garita</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1851 Hispano settlers pushed north from New Mexico towns. They settled in Colorado’s western San Luis Valley. The first permanent villages were established at Guadalupe along the Conejos River. From there, they gradually extended farther north. In 1858 settlers established La Garita (The Lookout). By 1870 the town had the most northerly worship space in the valley. It was known as a morada—a worship space that had not been consecrated.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>A growing number of Catholic settlers were streaming into the valley. A series of treaties had removed the Southern Ute Indians. The treaties opened the <a href="/article/san-juan-mountains">San Juan Mountains</a> to mining and settlement. Church leaders decided a new parish was needed. It would serve communities far north of Conejos, where the existing parish was headquartered. La Garita was selected as the site of the new parish church, rectory, and cemetery. These were built on land donated by Jose Julian Espinosa and his wife, Rufina Montoya.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The church was named for San Juan Bautista. It was dedicated on June 24, 1879, the Feast day of Saint John the Baptist. The church served as the parish church until 1895. At that time, the parish headquarters moved to Holy Name of Mary Catholic Church in Del Norte. San Juan Bautista became a mission church served by traveling priests from Del Norte. The group of nuns called the Sisters of Loretto at the Foot of the Cross started to use the former rectory as a residence when they came to teach in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Building a New Church</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1924 the church burned to the ground. Construction on a replacement started later that year. Completed in 1926, the new Capilla de San Juan Bautista resembled the previous church. The style is considered to be Territorial Adobe. White stucco coated the twenty-inch-thick adobe walls. The gabled roof was topped by a central two-story bell tower and distinctive six-armed cross. The building’s arched windows showed Gothic Revival influences. Inside, the church had stucco walls, wood floors, and a stamped-metal ceiling.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Juan Bautista was used regularly until the 1960s. It then stood vacant for several years and fell into disrepair. In 1973 it was taken over by Artes del Valle, a local women’s cooperative. They used the building to display and sell their craft products. By that time, the adjacent adobe rectory had largely collapsed. Only a few walls were still standing. In 1980 the cooperative worked to get the church listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It secured State Historical Fund grants in the 1990s for renovations to the building. After Artes del Valle closed in the early 2000s, the church was vacant again.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2007 Father Joseph Vigil led an effort to revitalize Capilla de San Juan Bautista.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>His leadership, and donations from the Archuleta and Kulp families, led to the start of restoration in 2009. The church is now part of the San Juan Catholic Spiritual Center. This center also includes the San Juan Bautista Monument, the St. John Paul II Rosary Walk, and the historic Carnero Creek Cemetery. The monument, Rosary Walk, and cemetery are open every day. The Feast of St. John the Baptist in June and the Feast of the Archangels in September are celebrated with a mass at the church.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>Located in La Garita in the northwestern San Luis Valley, Capilla de San Juan Bautista was built in 1924–26 as a Catholic mission church. An earlier church had served as the area’s parish church from 1879 to 1895, but burned down in 1924. The current building, on the same site, replaced the earlier structure. The church was abandoned in the 1960s. It was then used by a local women’s craft cooperative called Artes del Valle (Arts of the Valley). It was restored in the 2000s as part of the San Juan Catholic Spiritual Center.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>A Parish Church in La Garita</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1851 Hispano settlers pushed north from New Mexico towns into the western San Luis Valley. They established the first permanent settlements at Guadalupe along the Conejos River. From there, settlements gradually extended farther north. In 1858 settlers established the town of La Garita (The Lookout). By 1870, this town had the most northerly worship space in the valley. It was a morada, or a worship space that had not been consecrated.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By then, a growing number of Catholic settlers were streaming into the valley. A series of treaties had removed the Southern Ute Indians. Church leaders decided a new parish was needed. It would serve communities far north of Conejos, where the existing parish was headquartered. La Garita was selected as the site of the new parish church, rectory, and cemetery. These were built on land donated by Jose Julian Espinosa and his wife, Rufina Montoya.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The church was named for San Juan Bautista. It was dedicated on June 24, 1879, Saint John the Baptist’s feast day. The church served as the parish church until 1895. At that time, the parish headquarters moved to Holy Name of Mary Catholic Church in Del Norte. San Juan Bautista became a mission church served by traveling priests from Del Norte. A group of nuns called the Sisters of Loretto at the Foot of the Cross started to use the former rectory as a residence when they came to teach in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Building a New Church</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1924 the church burned to the ground. Construction on a replacement started later that year. Completed in 1926, the new Capilla de San Juan Bautista was a Territorial Adobe structure that resembled the previous church. It had twenty-inch-thick adobe walls with a white stucco coating. It was topped by a gabled roof with a central two-story bell tower and distinctive six-armed cross. The building’s arched windows showed Gothic Revival influences. Inside, the church had stucco walls, wood floors, and a stamped-metal ceiling.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Juan Bautista was used regularly until the 1960s, when it was abandoned. It stood vacant for several years and fell into disrepair. In 1973 it was taken over by Artes del Valle, a local women’s craft cooperative, which used the building to sell its products. By that time, the adjacent adobe rectory had largely collapsed and had only a few walls still standing. The cooperative worked to get the church listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and secured State Historical Fund grants in the 1990s for renovations to the building. After Artes del Valle closed in the early 2000s, Capilla de San Juan Bautista was vacant again.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2><strong>Today</strong></h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2007 Father Joseph Vigil of the San Juan Catholic Community led an effort to revitalize the historic Capilla de San Juan Bautista. As a result of his leadership and significant donations from the Archuleta and Kulp families, in 2009 the church started to be restored as part of the San Juan Catholic Spiritual Center. In addition to the church, the spiritual center includes the San Juan Bautista Monument (built in 2009 using a surviving wall from the property’s old adobe rectory), the St. John Paul II Rosary Walk, and the historic Carnero Creek Cemetery. The monument, Rosary Walk, and cemetery are open every day. The church is used to celebrate Mass on the Feast of Saint John the Baptist in June and the Feast of the Archangels in September.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Sat, 19 Nov 2016 00:21:17 +0000 yongli 2088 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Capilla de San Isidro http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/capilla-de-san-isidro <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capilla de San Isidro</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2085--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2085.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/capilla-de-san-isidro"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Capilla_de_San_Isidro_%28Costilla_County%2C_Colorado%29_0.jpg?itok=PDH0Zpzw" width="1000" height="919" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/capilla-de-san-isidro" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capilla de San Isidro</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Built about 1894, Capilla de San Isidro is a Catholic church in Los Fuertes. Constructed in the Territorial Adobe style, it has adobe walls with a cement stucco coating as well as a gabled roof and cupola.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-11-18T17:16:40-07:00" title="Friday, November 18, 2016 - 17:16" class="datetime">Fri, 11/18/2016 - 17:16</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/capilla-de-san-isidro" data-a2a-title="Capilla de San Isidro"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcapilla-de-san-isidro&amp;title=Capilla%20de%20San%20Isidro"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Built in about 1894, Capilla de San Isidro is a Catholic church in Los Fuertes in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>. The church is dedicated to St. Isidore, the patron saint of farming, and continues to play an important role in the local community, with Mass celebrated in Spanish during the summer. In 2013 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Located along Vallejos Creek between San Pablo and San Francisco, Los Fuertes was established in the 1850s by Hispano settlers moving north from New Mexico. As in other villages in the area, the settlers in Los Fuertes put their town under the spiritual protection of a saint to whom they dedicated their place of worship. In Los Fuertes, that saint-protector was San Isidro Labrador (St. Isidore the Farmer), whose feast day on May 15 was celebrated by many villages in the largely agricultural region during spring planting.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The first space for worship in Los Fuertes—as in the other Hispano villages in the Culebra Creek area—was probably a private chapel or rustic oratorio constructed soon after the town was settled. Los Fuertes probably built a more substantial oratorio (chapel) in the 1870s, after <strong>San Luis</strong> became an independent parish and started to minister to mission churches in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In about 1894, the oratorio was replaced by Capilla de San Isidro. Originally the single-story adobe church may have had a flat roof in the Hispanic Adobe style. At some point Father Samuel García, the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1894 to 1921, modernized San Isidro with a gabled roof and cupola, Anglo design elements that made the building a good example of the Territorial Adobe style. Inside the church had brown plaster walls, a flat ceiling, a wooden floor, and wooden benches.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Isidro received minor updates during the tenure of Father <strong>Onofre Martorell</strong>, who served as pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1933 to 1962. Martorell stabilized or rebuilt most of the churches in the parish. At San Isidro he probably added a cement stucco coating to the adobe walls to seal out moisture and reinforced the foundation with a concrete apron. In addition, a small vestibule was built at the south-facing entry to add some space and prevent drafts. Since those slight alterations in the 1930s, the building has remained basically unchanged.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Isidro still plays a central role in the local community. During the summer, a priest from Sangre de Cristo Parish conducts Mass at each local mission church in the area, including San Isidro. Mass is still conducted in Spanish. In addition, the community gathers at the church during Holy Week before carrying a model of the church to San Luis for religious observances. The community also gathers at the church in May for the Feast of San Isidro and throughout the year for a variety of community events and religious celebrations.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/los-fuertes" hreflang="en">Los Fuertes</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/catholicism" hreflang="en">Catholicism</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/onofre-martorell" hreflang="en">Onofre Martorell</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Astrid Liverman and Heather Bailey, “Capilla de San Isidro,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (January 2013).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Arnold Valdez, “San Isidro Church,” Colorado Historic Building Inventory Record (September 22, 1990).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>María Mondragón Valdez, <em>Casa del Señor: A Brief History of Sangre de Cristo Parish Church and Its Missions</em> (María Mondragón Valdez, 2001).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em>, ed. Arturo Aldama (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Arnold A. and Maria Valdez, <em>The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County: Village Architecture and Its Historical Context, 1851–1940</em> (San Luis, CO: Valdez and Associates, 1991).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>In the middle of the 1800s, Hispano settlers left New Mexico. They moved north into the San Luis Valley of Colorado. In the 1850s, they founded the village of Los Fuertes. The settlers were mostly farmers. They asked a saint named San Isidro Labrador (Saint Isidore the Farmer) to protect them.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>At first, villages had small oratorios, or chapels. These are places to give sermons. Homes had private chapels. A larger chapel was built in the 1870s. Then, about 1894, Los Fuertes built a new church. They named it Capilla de San Isidro (the Church of Saint Isidore). San Isidro’s feast day is May 15. People celebrated this feast when they planted spring crops.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>At first, this church had one story and a flat roof. This is the Hispanic Adobe style. Father Samuel García was the pastor. He served from 1894 to 1921. He added a gabled roof and cupola. These changes made it part of the Territorial Adobe style. Inside, it had a wooden floor and benches. The walls were brown plaster.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Later, Father Onofre Martorell became pastor. He served Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1933 to 1962. The priest rebuilt many of the local churches. Cement stucco was put on the adobe walls. This sealed out moisture. A concrete apron made the base stronger. A small room was added. This gave space and prevented drafts. Since then, the building is mostly unchanged.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Capilla de San Isidro is still used and loved. In the summers, a priest comes. He conducts Mass in Spanish. During Holy Week, the community gathers. They carry a model of the church to San Luis for blessings. And in May they still celebrate the Feast of San Isidro. </p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; &#13; <p> </p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>The Capilla de San Isidro is a Catholic Church located in Los Fuertes, in Colorado’s San Luis Valley. Built in about 1894, it was dedicated to the patron saint of farming. Saint Isidore the Farmer’s feast day is May 15. In this agricultural region, many villages celebrated his feast day during spring planting. Today, the church continues to play an important role in the local community.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the mid-1800s, Hispano settlers moved north from New Mexico into Colorado. They founded the village of Los Fuertes in the 1850s. It was located along Vallejos Creek, between San Pablo and San Francisco. Settlers in these Hispano villages typically built private oratorios, or chapels, soon after the towns were settled. The custom was to put towns under the spiritual protection of a saint. In Los Fuertes, that saint-protector was San Isidro Labrador (Saint Isidore the Farmer).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the 1870s, the Catholic church in the town of San Luis had become an independent parish. It ministered to local mission churches in the area, including San Isidro. At that time, a larger chapel was likely built to replace the original oratorio.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In about 1894, that too was replaced. The new church was one story. It may have had a flat roof. This building style is known as Hispanic Adobe. Father Samuel García was the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1894 to 1921. He modernized San Isidro with a gabled roof and cupola. These Anglo design elements made the building a good example of the Territorial Adobe style. Inside, the church had a wooden floor and benches, brown plaster walls, and a flat ceiling.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Father Onofre Martorell was the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1933 to 1962. He stabilized or rebuilt most of the churches in the parish. He likely added a cement stucco coating to the adobe walls. This sealed out moisture. The foundation was reinforced with a concrete apron. In addition, a small vestibule was built on the southern entry. This both added space and prevent drafts. Since then, the building has remained basically unchanged.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Isidro still plays a central role in the local community. During the summer, Mass is still conducted in Spanish. During Holy Week, the community gathers at the church. They carry a model of the church to San Luis for religious observances. The community also gathers at the church in May for the Feast of San Isidro.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>The Capilla de San Isidro, or Chapel of Saint Isidore, is a Catholic Church in Los Fuertes, in Colorado’s San Luis Valley. It was built in about 1894. Saint Isidore is the patron saint of farming, and the church continues to play an important role in this largely agricultural community. Mass is celebrated in Spanish during the summer.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Hispano settlers moving north from New Mexico established Los Fuertes in the 1850s. They founded the village along Vallejos Creek, between San Pablo and San Francisco. As was customary in the area, the settlers placed their new town under the spiritual protection of a saint. In Los Fuertes, that saint-protector was San Isidro Labrador (Saint Isidore the Farmer). Many villages in this region celebrated his feast day on May 15 during spring planting.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The settlers in Los Fuertes and other Hispano villages typically built private oratorios, or chapels, soon after the towns were settled. A more substantial chapel was likely built in the 1870s. By this time, the Catholic church in the larger town of San Luis had an independent parish ministering to local mission churches in the area. </p>&#13; &#13; <p>In about 1894, the original oratorio was replaced by the Capilla de San Isidro. The church was one story and may have had a flat roof in the Hispanic Adobe style. Father Samuel García was the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1894 to 1921. He modernized San Isidro with a gabled roof and cupola. These Anglo design elements made the building a good example of the Territorial Adobe style. Inside, the church had a wooden floor, brown plaster walls, a flat ceiling, and wooden benches.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>During the tenure of Father Onofre Martorell, the pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish from 1933 to 1962, the building received minor updates. Father Martorell stabilized or rebuilt most of the churches in the parish. He likely added a cement stucco coating to the adobe walls that sealed out moisture. The foundation was reinforced with a concrete apron. In addition, a small vestibule was built on the southern entry to both add space and prevent drafts. Since those slight alterations in the 1930s, the building has remained basically unchanged.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Isidro still plays a central role in the local community. During the summer, a priest from Sangre de Cristo Parish conducts Mass in Spanish at each local mission church in the area, including San Isidro. In addition, the community gathers at the church during Holy Week. They then carry a model of the church to San Luis for religious observances. The community also comes together at the church in May for the Feast of San Isidro and throughout the year for a variety of community events and religious celebrations.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2013 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Sat, 19 Nov 2016 00:16:40 +0000 yongli 2086 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Capilla de San Antonio de Padua (Lasauses) http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/capilla-de-san-antonio-de-padua-lasauses <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Capilla de San Antonio de Padua (Lasauses)</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-11-18T17:04:43-07:00" title="Friday, November 18, 2016 - 17:04" class="datetime">Fri, 11/18/2016 - 17:04</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/capilla-de-san-antonio-de-padua-lasauses" data-a2a-title="Capilla de San Antonio de Padua (Lasauses)"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcapilla-de-san-antonio-de-padua-lasauses&amp;title=Capilla%20de%20San%20Antonio%20de%20Padua%20%28Lasauses%29"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Built in 1928–30, Capilla de San Antonio de Padua is a Catholic church in Lasauses in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>. Constructed in the Territorial Adobe style, the church incorporated one wall of an earlier church on the same site, which was built in 1880 but destroyed by fire in 1926. Today, the church is the only public building remaining in Lasauses and is still used for Mass once a month.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>When <a href="/article/colorado-territory"><strong>Colorado Territory</strong></a> was organized in 1861, the new government granted three permits for ferries across the <strong>Rio Grande</strong>. One of those ferries was established at Stewart’s Crossing, which lay on a roughly diagonal road connecting <a href="/article/fort-garland-0"><strong>Fort Garland</strong> </a>and <strong>Conejos</strong>. The town of Lasauses (from the Spanish <em>los sauces</em>, “willows”) developed just south of the ferry and was settled in 1863 by Hispanos from San Antonio de Mora, New Mexico.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By 1870 the town had twenty-three families but no church, requiring residents to travel to Conejos for services. In 1880 the community built a flat-roofed adobe chapel in the Hispanic Adobe style on land donated by Juan N. Trujillo. Dedicated to San Antonio de Padua (St. Anthony of Padua), the chapel served the Lasauses community for nearly fifty years before it was mostly destroyed by fire in 1926. The east wall was still standing, and in 1928 the community used that as the starting point for a new adobe church building, which was consecrated in 1930.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Built in the Territorial Adobe style, Capilla de San Antonio de Padua had adobe walls covered in white stucco, a gabled roof, and a cupola. It was designed in an L-shaped plan, with the nave in the longer central portion of the building and the sacristy in the smaller side wing. Inside, the church featured a marbleized-wood altar, and the east wall had a balcony above the entrance.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Antonio de Padua has seen relatively few changes over the years. In the 1970s, the church received a set of wooden pews from the church in Los Cerritos, which closed in 1969. In 1997 it received a new metal roof and had two of its stained-glass windows restored. That year the church was listed on the State Register of Historic Properties.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1934, not long after Capilla de San Antonio de Padua was built, Lasauses had nearly 300 residents, all of whom were Catholic. After World War II, however, the town steadily lost population as people moved to larger cities. Today the area still has a handful of residences and adobe commercial buildings along County Road 28. Capilla de San Antonio de Padua is now a mission church of St. Joseph Parish, based in <strong>Capulin</strong>, and Mass is celebrated by a visiting priest on the last Saturday of each month.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/san-luis-valley" hreflang="en">San Luis Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/catholicism" hreflang="en">Catholicism</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/hispano-settlers" hreflang="en">Hispano settlers</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, “La Capilla de San Antonio de Padua,” Colorado State Register of Historic Properties (September 1997).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia Simmons, “St. Anthony of Padua Church,” Colorado Historic Building Inventory Record (May 1991).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em>, ed. Arturo Aldama (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>Capilla de San Antonio de Padua is a historic adobe Catholic church. Capilla is the Spanish word for “church” or “chapel.” It is located in the San Luis Valley. It was built in 1928 in the town of Lasauses. Today, the church is one of the only buildings in Lasauses. The church is still used for Mass once a month.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1861 three ferries crossed the Rio Grande River. One of the ferries connected the town of Fort Garland with Conejos. The town of Lasauses started near the ferry. Hispanos from San Antonio De Mora, New Mexico settled the town in 1863. In Spanish, Lasauses means “willows.” The town was named for the plants that grew in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By 1870 the town had twenty-three families. They did not have a church. The families had to travel to Conejos for services. In 1880 the community built a church. It was a flat-roofed adobe church. The church was dedicated to San Antonio de Padua (St. Anthony of Padua). It served the Lasauses community for almost fifty years. Then, a fire destroyed the building. All that was left was one wall. In 1928 the families built a new adobe church building. They kept the wall of the first church as part of the building.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The new church had adobe walls covered with white stucco. It had a steep roof and a bell tower. It had an L-shaped design. The congregation met in the large part of the building. The church offices were in the smaller side wing. Inside, the church had a wood altar and a small balcony.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1970s, the church got some used wooden pews. They were from a church that closed. In 1987 the church got a new metal roof. The stained-glass windows were repaired. The church got a special honor. It was listed on the State Register of Historic Properties.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1934 Lasauses was a town of nearly 300 people. At that time, all of the residents were Catholic. After World War II, the people moved away. Today there are just a few homes and businesses in the town. Capilla de San Antonio de Padua is now a mission church. Mass is celebrated in this historic church by a visiting priest on the last Saturday of each month.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>Capilla de San Antonio de Padua is a historic Hispanic Catholic church in the San Luis Valley. In English, it is called the Church of St. Anthony of Padua. It was built from 1928–30 in the town of Lasauses. It was built in the Territorial Adobe style and used the wall of an earlier church in its design. Today, the church is the only public building remaining in Lasauses. The church is still used for Mass once a month.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>When Colorado Territory was organized in 1861, three ferries were issued permits to cross the Rio Grande River. One of the ferries connected the town of Fort Garland with Conejos. The town of Lasauses developed just south of the ferry. Hispanos from San Antonio De Mora, New Mexico, settled the town in 1863. In Spanish, Lasauses means “willows”—the plant that grew in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By 1870 the town had twenty-three families but no church. Residents had to travel to Conejos for services. In 1880 the community built a flat-roofed adobe church in the Hispanic Adobe style. The land was donated by resident Juan N. Trujillo. The church was dedicated to San Antonio de Padua (St. Anthony of Padua) and served the Lasauses community for nearly fifty years. The building was mostly destroyed by fire in 1926, but the east wall was still standing. In 1928 the community used the remaining wall as the starting point for a new adobe church building, which was consecrated in 1930.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The new church was built in the Territorial Adobe style. It featured adobe walls covered with white stucco, a gabled roof, and a cupola. It had an L-shaped design. Inside, the church had a marbleized wood altar and the east wall had a balcony above the entrance.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Antonio de Padua has seen relatively few changes since its reconstruction. In the 1970s the church received a set of wooden pews from the church in Los Cerritos, which closed in 1969. In 1997 a new metal roof was installed and two stained-glass windows were restored. That year the church was listed on the State Register of Historic Properties.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1934 Lasauses was a thriving community of nearly 300 residents. At that time, all of the residents were Catholic. After World War II, the population of the town declined as people moved to larger cities. Today there are just a handful of homes and businesses in the town. Capilla de San Antonio de Padua is now a mission church of St. Joseph Parish, which is based in Capulin. Mass is celebrated in this historic church by a visiting priest on the last Saturday of each month.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>Capilla de San Antonio de Padua (Church of Saint Anthony of Padua) is a historic Hispanic Catholic church in the San Luis Valley. It was built from 1928–30 in the town of Lasauses. Built in the Territorial Adobe style, the church incorporates the wall of an earlier church on the same site. Today, it is the only public building remaining in Lasauses, and it is still used for Mass once a month.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>When Colorado Territory was organized in 1861, the new government granted three permits for ferries across the Rio Grande. One of the ferries was established at Stewart’s Crossing, connecting the town of Fort Garland with Conejos. The town of Lasauses developed just south of the ferry. Hispanos from San Antonio De Mora, New Mexico, settled the town in 1863. In Spanish, Lasauses means “willows”—a plant that thrived in the area.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By 1870 the town had twenty-three families but no church, requiring residents to travel to Conejos for services. In 1880 the community built a flat-roofed adobe church in the Hispanic Adobe style. The land was donated by resident Juan N. Trujillo. The church was dedicated to San Antonio de Padua (St. Anthony of Padua) and served the Lasauses community for nearly fifty years. The building was mostly destroyed by fire in 1926, but the east wall was still standing. In 1928 the community used the remaining wall as the starting point for a new adobe church building, which was consecrated in 1930.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The new church was built in the Territorial Adobe style and featured adobe walls covered with white stucco, a gabled roof, and a cupola. It had an L-shaped design, with the nave in the longer central portion of the building and the sacristy in the smaller side wing. Inside, the church featured a marbleized wood altar and the east wall had a balcony above the entrance.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Capilla de San Antonio de Padua has seen relatively few changes since its reconstruction. In the 1970s the church received a set of wooden pews from the church in Los Cerritos, which closed in 1969. In 1997 a new metal roof was installed and two stained-glass windows were restored. That year the church was listed on the State Register of Historic Properties.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1934 Lasauses was a thriving community of nearly 300 residents, all of whom were Catholic. After World War II, however, the population of the town steadily declined as people moved to larger cities. Today there are just a handful of residences and commercial buildings along County Road 28. Capilla de San Antonio de Padua is now a mission church of St. Joseph Parish, which is based in Capulin. Mass is celebrated in this historic church by a visiting priest on the last Saturday of each month.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Sat, 19 Nov 2016 00:04:43 +0000 yongli 2084 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Montoya Ranch http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/montoya-ranch <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Montoya Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2002--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2002.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/montoya-ranch"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Pedro-Botz_House-%282%29_1.jpg?itok=Q4rGKIYT" width="1000" height="906" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/montoya-ranch" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Montoya Ranch</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Hispano settlers in the Huerfano Valley built Montoya Ranch in the 1860s. The Montoya family lived there and operated a sheep ranch from 1874 to 1910, when they sold the property to the Lebanese Faris family, who ran a general store and post office in the building.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-10-31T10:18:35-06:00" title="Monday, October 31, 2016 - 10:18" class="datetime">Mon, 10/31/2016 - 10:18</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/montoya-ranch" data-a2a-title="Montoya Ranch"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fmontoya-ranch&amp;title=Montoya%20Ranch"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located near the <strong>Huerfano River</strong> about twenty miles northwest of <strong>Walsenburg</strong>, Montoya Ranch is a large adobe building originally built around 1869 by Hispano settlers in the area. It was later occupied by the Montoya family, who operated a sheep ranch, and then by the Lebanese Faris family, who used the building as a residence, store, and post office. Today Montoya Ranch is a rare surviving example of an adobe Hispano dwelling in southern Colorado and the only known building in Colorado or New Mexico with a full adobe basement.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Origins</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The precise origins of Montoya Ranch are murky. In the 1860s, Hispano settlers started to farm and ranch in the Huerfano Valley. Around 1867 Pablo Antonio Garcia occupied the land and appropriated water rights where Montoya Ranch is today. It is possible that he oversaw the construction of the adobe building around 1869.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>According to tradition, the building—locally known as Fort Talpa—was intended as a defensive structure for Hispano settlers in the area. The building’s size and shape lend credence to this idea; it measures seventy-four feet by forty-six feet and has massive walls that are two feet thick at ground level. In addition, its full adobe basement is much larger than a root cellar would have required.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the 1870s the building was functioning as a store and community center for the town of Huerfano Cañon, later renamed Talpa. The building takes its name from Victor and Juliana Montoya, who settled the land in 1874. They lived in the adobe building and might have operated a store there. They also had a large sheep ranch and built several sheep pens and corrals that still exist on the property.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>The Farises</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1908 Victor Montoya sold his ranch to Asperidon and Louise Faris, a young Lebanese couple who planned to use the adobe building as a home, general store, and post office. Lebanese migrants like the Farises had started to make their way to Colorado in the 1880s and were known for working in the mercantile business. Louise Faris, for example, was born in Lebanon in 1888. In the 1890s her family came to Colorado, where they started a store serving coal miners in and around Walsenburg. In the early 1900s Louise met Asperidon Faris, a fellow Lebanese immigrant who was also involved in merchandising, and the couple married in 1908.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1910 the Farises moved to Montoya Ranch and started operating their store and post office. In 1911 they expanded the building to make room for their store, added windows, replaced the building’s original flat roof with a low-pitch hipped roof, and built a porch and commercial storefront.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The post office at Talpa had opened in 1878 in a building across the street, with William Harmes as postmaster. In 1910 the Farises took over the post office from Harmes’s children, and Louise became postmaster. In 1912 the post office closed. When it reopened in 1923, the name was changed to Farisita, which was the nickname of the Farises’ daughter Jeanette. Louise served as postmaster of Farisita until 1931, when Jeanette took over the position until the post office closed for good in 1934. The Faris family continued to live at Montoya Ranch until 1943.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>By the 1990s, a few houses were all that remained of Farisita, and Montoya Ranch was in disrepair from decades of neglect and water damage. The owner planned to tear down the building and replace it with a doublewide trailer.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Taos art dealer James Gerken had seen Montoya Ranch while traveling in Colorado, and in 2000 he bought the property after learning that the adobe building was slated for demolition. Since then he has made small repairs to stave off further deterioration while he attempts to attract more support for a comprehensive renovation.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 2012 Montoya Ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2014 the nonprofit Colorado Preservation Inc. named the ranch as one of the state’s Most Endangered Places to try to spur interest in its preservation.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/huerfano-river" hreflang="en">Huerfano River</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/huerfano-valley" hreflang="en">Huerfano Valley</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/hispano-settlers" hreflang="en">Hispano settlers</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/talpa" hreflang="en">Talpa</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/farisita" hreflang="en">Farisita</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/victor-montoya" hreflang="en">Victor Montoya</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/asperidon-faris" hreflang="en">Asperidon Faris</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/louise-faris" hreflang="en">Louise Faris</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/lebanese-immigrants" hreflang="en">Lebanese immigrants</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Vicky Bunsen Doucette and Dana EchoHawk, “Montoya Ranch,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (2012).</p> <p><a href="https://coloradopreservation.org/programs/endangered-places/montoya-ranch/">“Montoya Ranch,”</a> Endangered Places Archive, Colorado Preservation.</p> <p>Chris Woodka, <a href="https://www.chieftain.com/news/2288460-120/places-colorado-ranch-adobe/">“Montoya Ranch in Huerfano County Among State’s Most Endangered Places,”</a> <em>Pueblo Chieftain</em> (February 16, 2014).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert A. Murray, <em>Las Animas, Huerfano and Custer: Three Colorado Counties on a Cultural Frontier: A History of the Raton Basin</em> (Denver: Bureau of Land Management, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Henry Nardine, <em>In the Shadows of the Spanish Peaks: A History of Huerfano County, Colorado</em> (1988).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 31 Oct 2016 16:18:35 +0000 yongli 2001 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/iglesia-de-la-inmaculada-concepcion <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-10-28T11:01:23-06:00" title="Friday, October 28, 2016 - 11:01" class="datetime">Fri, 10/28/2016 - 11:01</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/iglesia-de-la-inmaculada-concepcion" data-a2a-title="Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Figlesia-de-la-inmaculada-concepcion&amp;title=Iglesia%20de%20la%20Inmaculada%20Concepci%C3%B3n"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Located in <strong>Chama</strong> in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-luis-valley"><strong>San Luis Valley</strong></a>, Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción (Church of the Immaculate Conception) is a Catholic church built in 1938 under the supervision of Father <strong>Onofre Martorell</strong>. It continues to serve as an important community center, with Mass celebrated in Spanish during the summer. In 2012 the church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Worship in Chama</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Settled around 1864 by Hispanos moving north from New Mexico, Chama was originally known as Culebra because of its location along <strong>Culebra Creek</strong>. Like other early Hispano towns in the San Luis Valley, the first place of worship was a small chapel on the town plaza. These rustic chapels, usually made of upright logs plastered with clay, fulfilled religious functions until permanent adobe churches could be constructed. Soon the town was renamed after the chapel’s patron saint, Nuestra Señora del Rosario (Our Lady of the Rosary). The town and its church went by that name until the early twentieth century.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The first church in Chama, or Nuestra Señora del Rosario, was probably built in the 1880s, not long after Sangre de Cristo Parish was established. By the 1910s, that church was in need of repair or reconstruction. The parishioners in Chama (renamed in 1907 in honor of the New Mexico town from which many of its residents had migrated) turned to the Catholic Extension magazine to raise money for a new church. They received a donation that came with the condition that the new church be named Immaculate Conception. The town accepted the donation and in 1915 local farmers built a new church called Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción. The adobe church was built adjacent to an irrigation ditch a few hundred feet north of the town center, on land donated by the Cruz Sanchez family.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Chama’s church burned down in 1935. To fund a new building, the community started a baseball team called the Chama Kitos and sold game tickets to raise money. The pastor of Sangre de Cristo Parish, Father Onofre Martorell, guided the rebuilding effort. Completed in 1938, the reconstructed Iglesia had a single-story cruciform plan with an eastern nave entrance. The design was similar to that of <a href="/article/iglesia-de-san-pedro-y-san-pablo"><strong>Iglesia de San Pedro y San Pablo</strong></a>, the construction of which Martorell had overseen in 1934. Some of the exterior adobe walls incorporated the remains of the previous church. Inside, the church had plaster walls, a vaulted ceiling, and a full balcony over the eastern entrance. The tripartite reredos, decorative screens behind the altar, featured statues of the Virgin Mary, St. James, and Jesus. Around the same time the church was rebuilt, the community also added an outhouse, storage shed, and trees to the property, possibly with the help of <a href="/article/new-deal-colorado"><strong>New Deal</strong></a> funding.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The church saw several small changes over the twentieth century. Originally the exterior adobe walls had an earthen plaster finish, but by the mid-twentieth century they had been covered with cement stucco, a common treatment to protect the walls from moisture. Around the same time, single-story additions were built at the northwest and southwest corners of the cross-shaped building in order to provide more space for storage and a sacristy.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción still plays a central role in the Chama community. During the summer a priest from Sangre de Cristo Parish conducts Mass at each local mission church in the area, including Inmaculada Concepción. Mass is still conducted in Spanish. In addition, the community gathers at the church during Holy Week before carrying a model of the church to <strong>San Luis</strong> for religious observances. The community also gathers at the church in July for the Feast of St. James, in December for the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, and throughout the year for a variety of local events.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/chama" hreflang="en">Chama</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/catholicism" hreflang="en">Catholicism</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/historic-churches" hreflang="en">historic churches</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/culebra-creek" hreflang="en">Culebra Creek</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/onofre-martorell" hreflang="en">Onofre Martorell</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Heather L. Bailey and Astrid Liverman, “Iglesia de la Inmaculada Concepción,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (July 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>María Mondragón-Valdez, <em>Casa del Señor: A Brief History of Sangre de Cristo Parish Church and Its Missions</em> (María Mondragón-Valdez, 2001).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Adams, <em>The Architecture and Art of Early Hispanic Colorado</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1974).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Phillip Gallegos, “Religious Architecture in Colorado’s San Luis Valley,” in Arturo Aldama, ed., <em>Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado</em> (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2011).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Rocky Mountain PBS, <a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365603249/">"The San Luis Valley,"</a> <em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 12, 2015.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1979).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Olibama Lopez Tushar, <em>The People of El Valle: A History of the Spanish Settlers in the San Luis Valley</em> (Pueblo, CO: El Escritorio, 2007).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Arnold A. and Maria Valdez, <em>The Culebra River Villages of Costilla County: Village Architecture and Its Historical Context, 1851–1940</em> (San Luis, CO: Valdez and Associates, 1991).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 28 Oct 2016 17:01:23 +0000 yongli 1993 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org The Fort http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fort <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Fort</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-03-16T15:56:31-06:00" title="Wednesday, March 16, 2016 - 15:56" class="datetime">Wed, 03/16/2016 - 15:56</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fort" data-a2a-title="The Fort"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Ffort&amp;title=The%20Fort"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The Fort, an adobe restaurant just south of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/morrison"><strong>Morrison</strong></a>, was modeled on historic <a href="/article/bents-forts"><strong>Bent’s Old Fort</strong></a> and built using traditional Hispano methods and materials. Designed by William Lumpkins, an architect internationally known for his work in the adobe and Pueblo Revival styles, the Fort served as a significant example for later adobe buildings, including the reconstruction of Bent’s Old Fort by the National Park Service in 1975–76.</p> <h2>Construction</h2> <p>Samuel and Betty Arnold built the Fort in 1962–63. After deciding to move from Denver to the foothills in 1959, they researched adobe designs and found two historic drawings of Bent’s Old Fort. The original Bent’s Fort, an important<a href="/article/nineteenth-century-trading-posts"><strong> trading post </strong></a>on the <strong>Santa Fé Trail</strong> near La Junta from 1833 to 1849, was then in ruins. The Arnolds traveled to the site, measured what was left of the walls, and decided to model their house on the old fort’s design.</p> <p>The Arnolds hired Lumpkins to design the building. Originally from New Mexico, Lumpkins played a leading role in the revival of adobe architecture in New Mexico and across the Southwest. He traveled to Colorado to inspect the Arnolds’ building site and to study the remains of the original Bent’s Fort. In early 1962 he completed a draft that modified the plan of Bent’s Old Fort to comply with modern building codes.</p> <p>To construct the Fort, Samuel Arnold hired craftsmen from Taos, New Mexico, who had experience working with adobe. Starting in the spring of 1962, the team of Hispano workers began a massive adobe brick-making operation at the building site. Eventually more than 80,000 of these adobe bricks went into the Fort. Other Taos craftsmen carved wood for the interior.</p> <p>When the cost of the building became overwhelming, the Arnolds decided to add a restaurant downstairs to make the Fort financially feasible. Construction of the building finished in early 1963, and the Fort restaurant opened in February of that year with a menu focusing on historic Western cuisine.</p> <h2>Influence</h2> <p>After the Fort opened, its design and construction methods influenced later adobe reconstructions. It even played a role in the rebuilding of its own model, Bent’s Old Fort, in 1975–76. By that time, the chief architect of the National Park Service, which managed the Bent’s Fort site, had visited the Fort in Morrison. He took extensive notes on the building, according to Samuel Arnold, and asked Arnold questions about its adobe bricks and construction techniques. When construction began on the new Bent’s Fort, workers used many of the same traditional methods that had gone into building the Fort. This was in marked contrast to earlier adobe reconstructions at Fort Vasquez and <a href="/article/fort-garland-0"><strong>Fort Garland</strong></a>, which involved little archaeological testing and used different construction techniques.</p> <p>In 1974 Samuel Arnold sold the Fort to Jack Krohn, who changed the interior layout, failed to maintain the building, and eventually allowed the property to fall into foreclosure. Arnold regained control of the Fort in 1986 with his second wife, Carrie Arnold. He began to emphasize the educational aspects of the Fort, and he also became known for his research into the culinary history of the American west. He accumulated more than 3,000 historical cookbooks, which he used to devise drinks and other dishes based on authentic nineteenth-century recipes.</p> <h2>The Fort Today</h2> <p>The Fort continues to operate as a western-themed restaurant today, more than fifty years after it opened, and has served locals and Denver visitors. Perhaps most famously, the restaurant played host to President Bill Clinton’s state dinner during the June 1997 G8 summit of world leaders in Denver.</p> <p>Samuel Arnold’s daughter, Holly Arnold Kinney, spent part of her childhood at the Fort in the 1960s and returned in 1999 to become part-owner of the restaurant. After Samuel Arnold’s death in 2006, she took over full ownership and management of the Fort.</p> <p>In 1999 Samuel Arnold and Holly Arnold Kinney partnered with Samuel Arnold’s sister, Dr. Mary Arnold, to launch the Tesoro Cultural Center, a nonprofit educational organization devoted to using public lectures and living history programs to introduce students and the community to the Bent’s Old Fort period of Colorado history. The Fort itself was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. It now hosts school tours and Tesoro Cultural Center events during the daytime and restaurant diners at night, fulfilling the Arnolds’ original vision for the building as a living history museum with a restaurant to pay expenses.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/samuel-arnold" hreflang="en">Samuel Arnold</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/bents-fort-0" hreflang="en">bent&#039;s fort</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/william-lumpkins" hreflang="en">William Lumpkins</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/adobe-architecture" hreflang="en">adobe architecture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/holly-arnold-kinney" hreflang="en">Holly Arnold Kinney</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/tesoro-cultural-center" hreflang="en">Tesoro Cultural Center</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Kristen Browning-Blas, “<a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2013/02/04/the-fort-restaurant-in-morrison-celebrates-its-50th-anniversary/">The Fort Restaurant in Morrison Celebrates Its 50th Anniversary</a>,” <em>Denver Post</em>, February 6, 2013.</p> <p>Kathy Lingo, Ken Lingo, and Anne Wainstein Bond, “<a href="https://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/OAHP/NRSR/5JF4373.pdf">The Fort</a>,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, February 24, 2006.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Samuel P. Arnold, <em>The Fort Cookbook: New Foods of the Old West from the Famous Denver Restaurant</em> (New York: HarperCollins, 1997).</p> <p>Holly Arnold Kinney, <em>Shinin’ Times at the Fort Restaurant</em> (Morrison, CO: Fur Trade Press, 2010).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Wed, 16 Mar 2016 21:56:31 +0000 yongli 1245 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org