%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Barney Ford's People's Restaurant http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/barney-fords-peoples-restaurant <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Barney Ford&#039;s People&#039;s Restaurant</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1083--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1083.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/barney-ford-building-renovation"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Barney%20Ford%20Building%20Media%201_0.jpg?itok=GIR4BEH-" width="250" height="358" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/barney-ford-building-renovation" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Barney Ford Building Before Renovation</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Pictured here before recent renovations, the Barney Ford Building (originally home to Ford’s People’s Restaurant) is one of the few buildings associated with Ford still standing in Denver. The interior bricks and the columns across the façade are thought to be original.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1085--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1085.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/barney-ford-0"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Barney_Ford%5B2%5D_1.jpg?itok=kkDanlCK" width="178" height="271" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/barney-ford-0" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Barney Ford</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Born into slavery in 1822, Ford made his way to freedom and eventually became one of the most successful businessmen in Colorado. The People’s Restaurant, which opened on Blake Street in 1863, helped launch his career.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1086--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1086.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/barney-ford-building-today"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Barney-Ford-Media-2_1_0.jpg?itok=3MtAZMwB" width="1000" height="1500" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/barney-ford-building-today" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Barney Ford Building Today</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Barney Ford Building has been renovated at least twice since the early 1980s, resulting in a new interior and the enclosure of the formerly open portico with large windows. The building is now home to a restaurant and offices.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/nick-johnson" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Nick Johnson</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-12-10T14:58:00-07:00" title="Thursday, December 10, 2015 - 14:58" class="datetime">Thu, 12/10/2015 - 14:58</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/barney-fords-peoples-restaurant" data-a2a-title="Barney Ford&#039;s People&#039;s Restaurant"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fbarney-fords-peoples-restaurant&amp;title=Barney%20Ford%27s%20People%27s%20Restaurant"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>In 1863 the black pioneer <a href="/article/barney-ford"><strong>Barney L. Ford</strong></a> built the People’s Restaurant at 1514 Blake Street in <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/search/google/Denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a>. The success of the restaurant helped make Ford into one of the the state’s most influential black business and civic leaders. Although the building has undergone extensive alterations since Ford’s time, it remains significant as the site of one of Denver’s early black businesses.</p> <h2>People’s Restaurant</h2> <p>Originally born into slavery, Ford escaped to Chicago and eventually came to Colorado in 1860 to seek his fortune in the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>gold rush</strong></a>. After being run off his Breckenridge claim, he returned to Denver. He began to operate a barbershop on Blake Street, which he bought in 1862.</p> <p>Ford’s barbershop burned in the <strong>Great Fire of April 1863</strong>, along with most of Denver’s business district. After the fire, he was able to secure a $9,000 loan from banker Luther Kountze to rebuild. He used the money to enlarge his lot on Blake Street and erect a two-story brick building there. The building opened on August 16, 1863, with a barbershop in the basement, the People’s Restaurant on the main floor, and a bar on the second floor. Offering luxuries like fresh oysters, lemons, and Havana cigars, the People’s Restaurant proved immediately successful, allowing Ford to repay the entirety of his loan just three months after opening.</p> <p>Ford decided to move back to Chicago in 1865, after the Territorial legislature denied blacks the right to vote. He sold his restaurant business to the baker John J. Riethmann for $23,400, leased the building to Riethmann for $250 a month, and bought a house in Chicago. Ford soon returned to Denver, however, and helped push for Colorado statehood with black suffrage.</p> <h2>Today</h2> <p>Although it has been altered substantially in the past 150 years, the People’s Restaurant is one of the few Denver buildings associated with Ford that remains standing today. Originally a two-story brick structure, the building now has a third story (probably added in 1892) and stone lintels above the windows. In 1976 the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1983 preservation architect James C. Morgan restored the building’s exterior and renovated its interior. The building was renovated again in 2002.</p> <p>Today the building is home to a restaurant and offices. The red bricks inside the street-level restaurant are thought to be original. The three columns along the front façade might also be original; they once framed an open portico that has recently been enclosed with large windows.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford" hreflang="en">Barney Ford</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/peoples-restaurant-denver" hreflang="en">people&#039;s restaurant denver</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/peoples-restaurant-0" hreflang="en">peoples restaurant</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford-biography" hreflang="en">barney ford biography</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford-denver" hreflang="en">barney ford denver</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford-breckenridge" hreflang="en">barney ford breckenridge</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> Thu, 10 Dec 2015 21:58:00 +0000 Nick Johnson 1049 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Barney Ford http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/barney-ford <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Barney Ford</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1077--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1077.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/barney-ford"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Barney_Ford%5B2%5D_0_0.jpg?itok=ljltJ1Db" width="178" height="271" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/barney-ford" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Barney Ford</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Born into slavery in 1822, Barney Ford eventually became one of the most prominent businessmen in Colorado, with diverse holdings that included restaurants, hotels, and mining investments.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1078--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1078.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/peoples-restaurant"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Barney-Ford-Media-2_2.jpg?itok=zVqgybnH" width="1000" height="1500" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/peoples-restaurant" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">People&#039;s Restaurant</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>After being run out of Breckenridge and working as a barber in Denver, Ford built the People’s Restaurant on Blake Street in 1863. The building has been altered significantly since Ford’s time, but the interior bricks and the columns along the front façade are thought to be original.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1079--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1079.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/ford-house-breckenridge"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Barney_Ford_House_Museum%5B3%5D_0.jpg?itok=AHhyaSTm" width="1000" height="777" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/ford-house-breckenridge" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Ford House in Breckenridge</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In 1880 Ford moved to Breckenridge, where a popular restaurant and wise mining investments quickly made him wealthy. In 1882 he built an elegant house for his family on Washington Avenue.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1080--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1080.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/ford-honored-colorado-state-capitol"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Barney-Ford-Media-4_0.jpg?itok=YcZz-sdd" width="1000" height="1333" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/ford-honored-colorado-state-capitol" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Ford Honored in the Colorado State Capitol</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A stained glass window in the State Capitol honors Ford for his many contributions to Colorado in business and civic affairs.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/nick-johnson" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">Nick Johnson</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-12-10T14:54:37-07:00" title="Thursday, December 10, 2015 - 14:54" class="datetime">Thu, 12/10/2015 - 14:54</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/barney-ford" data-a2a-title="Barney Ford"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fbarney-ford&amp;title=Barney%20Ford"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Born into slavery in 1822, Barney Ford escaped to freedom and moved to Colorado in 1860. He soon became a successful businessman and an influential civic leader who pushed for Colorado statehood with suffrage for all. Ford died in <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> in 1902 and has been recognized for his contributions to the state with a stained-glass window in the <a href="/article/colorado-state-capitol"><strong>State Capitol</strong></a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Escape from Slavery</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The child of an enslaved mother and a white father, Barney Ford was born on January 22, 1822, in Stafford, Virginia. In childhood he was enslaved in South Carolina. At age 26, he escaped to Chicago. There he became a barber and made friends in abolitionist circles. He also met his wife, Julia Lyoni. </p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1851 Ford and his wife left Chicago to try their luck in the California Gold Rush. Traveling by ship, they passed through the port of Greytown, Nicaragua, and decided to settle there instead of continuing to California. Ford opened a hotel that catered to Americans and soon rose to prosperity. In 1854, however, he suddenly lost his hotel when an American ship bombarded the town because of a dispute about the rights of American citizens there. After their hotel was destroyed, Ford became a steward on Lake Nicaragua, then opened another hotel. The American General William Walker arrived in Nicaragua in 1855. He took control of the country with the goal of recolonizing it. Ford  returned to Chicago, where he operated a livery business that may have doubled as a station on the Underground Railroad.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Years in Colorado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1860 Ford followed the <a href="/article/colorado-gold-rush"><strong>gold rush</strong></a> to Colorado. After stops in Denver and Central City, he eventually settled in <strong>Breckenridge</strong>, where he ran a boardinghouse. Back in <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> he established a barbershop on Blake Street, earning enough money to buy his small building for $673 in 1862. He opened his first restaurant in the back of the building.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford lost his business in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/great-fire-1863"><strong>Great Fire of April 1863</strong></a>, which destroyed much of Denver’s business district. For Ford, this tragedy became the springboard to success. He quickly secured a $9,000 loan from Kountze Brothers Bank, acquired additional land on Blake Street, and built a much larger two-story brick building on the site of his former barbershop. The building opened on August 16, 1863, with a barbershop in the basement, a restaurant on the main floor, and a bar on the second level. The restaurant, called the <a href="/article/barney-fords-peoples-restaurant"><strong>People’s Restaurant</strong></a>, offered luxuries like fresh oysters, lemons, and Havana cigars. It became so profitable that Ford was able to pay off his entire loan just ninety days after opening. The next year his income of $4,673 made him the fourteenth-highest earner in Denver.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1864 the Colorado Territorial legislature changed election laws to prohibit black men from voting. Unwilling to live in a place where he and other black citizens would not have full political rights, Ford decided to move. In 1865 he sold his restaurant business to the baker John J. Riethmann for $23,400, leased the building to Riethmann for $250 a month, and took his family back to Chicago.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Leader in Business and Politics</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford’s time in Chicago was short. He still had business interests in Denver, and he returned in 1866, soon after Congress prohibited US territories from denying suffrage on the basis of race. Back in Denver, he built a new restaurant on Blake Street a few blocks away from the People’s Restaurant.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1872 Ford sold his restaurants and entered the hotel business. He bought the four-story Sargent Hotel on Larimer Street, renaming it Ford’s Hotel, and acquired several lots at the corner of Blake and 16th Streets. There he spent $53,000 to build the Inter-Ocean Hotel. A grand four-story building in the Second Empire style, the Inter-Ocean was the finest hotel in Denver when it opened in 1873.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1870s Ford was perhaps the most prominent black businessman in Denver, and he also became increasingly active in civic affairs. Already in 1866 he had helped establish the first adult education classes in Denver. In 1872 he became the first black man to serve on a federal grand jury in Colorado. An active member of the Republican Party, he served in several county conventions and was the first black man to be nominated to the Colorado Territorial legislature.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Panic of 1873 and losses incurred on a second Inter-Ocean Hotel in Cheyenne, Wyoming, caused Ford a series of financial setbacks. In 1880 he returned to Breckenridge to take advantage of a new silver boom there. He started a popular restaurant, Ford’s Restaurant and Chop Stand (or Ford’s Chop House), making him the first black business owner in town. A profitable restaurant and wise mining investments quickly restored his fortune. In 1882 he built an elegant house for his family in Breckenridge’s wealthy residential district just east of Main Street. His house still stands on East Washington Avenue.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Legacy</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1890 Ford and his wife moved back to Denver, where he continued to manage his various business interests until his death on December 14, 1902. Since then several landmarks and buildings across the state have been named in his honor. In 1964, two landmarks east of Breckenridge were named Barney Ford Hill and Ford Gulch. In 1973 <strong>Denver Public Schools</strong> named a new elementary school after him, and the <strong>Denver Housing Authority</strong> also has a residential high-rise named Barney Ford Heights. In 1992 he was inducted into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford once owned many properties in Denver, but most of them, including his grand Inter-Ocean Hotel, have been torn down. One that remains is the <a href="/article/barney-fords-peoples-restaurant"><strong>People’s Restaurant</strong></a>, one of Ford’s first successful restaurant in Colorado, which continues to occupy 1514 Blake Street in Denver. In addition, the Breckenridge Heritage Alliance manages the restored Ford family home on Washington Avenue as a museum, which is free to visit.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford" hreflang="en">Barney Ford</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford-breckenridge" hreflang="en">barney ford breckenridge</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford-denver" hreflang="en">barney ford denver</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fords-chop-house-denver" hreflang="en">ford&#039;s chop house denver</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford-biography" hreflang="en">barney ford biography</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/barney-ford-colorado" hreflang="en">barney ford colorado</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Kathryne McKinney, “Barney Ford’s People’s Restaurant,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form (November 23, 1975).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ronald J. Stephens, La Wanna M. Larson, and the Black American West Museum, <em>African Americans of Denver</em> (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2008).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Albert S. Broussard, <em>Expectations of Equality: A History of Black Westerners</em> (Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson, 2012).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Douglas Flamming, <em>African Americans in the West</em> (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2009).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>William Loren Katz, <em>The Black West: A Documentary and Pictorial History of the African American Role in the Westward Expansion of the United States</em>, rev. ed. (New York: Harlem Moon, 2005).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Quintard Taylor, <em>In Search of the Racial Frontier: African Americans in the American West, 1528–1990</em> (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-teacher-resources--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-teacher-resources.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-teacher-resources.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-teacher-resources field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-teacher-resources"><p><a href="/sites/default/files/ARS_Barney_Ford_0.docx">Barney Ford Teacher Resource Set - Word </a></p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="/sites/default/files/ARS_Barney_Ford_0.pdf">Barney Ford Teacher Resource Set - PDF</a></p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>Barney Ford was born to a slave mother and a white father on January 22, 1822, in Virginia. As a child, he worked as a slave in South Carolina. He escaped to Chicago when he was a teenager. He became a barber and made friends with people who wanted to end slavery. He also met his wife, Julia Lyoni.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1851 Ford and his wife left Chicago to join in the California gold rush. They traveled by ship. They reached the port of Greytown, Nicaragua and decided to settle there.  Ford opened a hotel and was very successful for three years. In 1854, his hotel was destroyed. Ford and his wife returned to Chicago to operate a horse stable that was also a station on the Underground Railroad.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Years in Colorado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1860 Ford went to Colorado in search of gold.  He settled in <strong>Breckenridge</strong>. He made a claim, but was quickly chased away by a mob of white miners. He went back <strong>Denver</strong> where he started a barbershop in downtown Denver. He earned enough money to buy his small building for $673 in 1862.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford lost his barbershop in the <strong>Great Fire of April 1863</strong>.  He got a $9,000 loan from a bank and bought land on Blake Street.  He built a two-story brick building on the site of his former barbershop. The building opened on August 16, 1863.  It had a barbershop in the basement, a restaurant on the main floor, and a bar on the second level. The restaurant was called the <strong>People’s Restaurant</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1864 the <strong>Colorado Territorial</strong> legislature changed the election laws.  Black men could no longer vote. Ford took his family back to Chicago.  He did not want to live in a place where he could not vote. </p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Leader in Business and Politics</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>When Congress said blacks could vote in 1866, Ford returned to Denver.  Back in Denver he built a new restaurant on Blake Street near the People’s Restaurant.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1872 Ford sold his restaurants and started a hotel business. He built a grand four-story hotel.  He called it the Inter-Ocean Hotel and when it opened in 1873, it was the finest in Denver.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1870s Ford was the most important black businessman in Denver.  He also became active in civic affairs.  He was a member of the Republican Party and the first black man to be nominated to the Colorado Territorial legislature.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1880 he returned to Breckenridge to take advantage of a new silver boom there. He started a popular restaurant called Ford’s Restaurant and Chop Stand. He was the first black business owner in town. In 1882 he built an elegant house. The house still stands on East Washington Avenue and is a museum.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Legacy</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1890 Ford and his wife moved back to Denver where he lived until his death on December 14, 1902.  Landmarks and buildings across the state have been named in his honor. In 1964 the site in Breckenridge where Ford had a claim was renamed Barney Ford Hill. In 1973 <strong>Denver Public Schools</strong> named a new elementary school after him.  One of the stained-glass windows in the Colorado State Capitol is dedicated to Barney Ford.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>Born into slavery in 1822, Barney L. Ford escaped to freedom and moved to Colorado in 1860. He soon became a successful businessman and an important civic leader who pushed for Colorado statehood with voting rights for all. Ford died in Denver in 1902 and has been recognized for his contributions to the state with a stained-glass window in the <strong>State Capitol</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Escape from Slavery</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The child of an enslaved mother and a white father, Barney Ford was born on January 22, 1822, in Stafford, Virginia. As a child, he served as a slave in South Carolina, but as a teenager he escaped to Chicago. There he became a barber and made friends in anti-slavery circles. He also met his wife, Julia Lyoni. She helped him choose his own middle and last name, taking them from a steam locomotive called the <em>Lancelot Ford</em>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1851 Ford and his wife left Chicago to try their luck in the California Gold Rush. Traveling by ship, they passed through the port of Greytown, Nicaragua, and decided to settle there instead of continuing to California. Ford opened a hotel for Americans that was very successful. In 1854, however, he suddenly lost his hotel when an American ship bombarded the town. After their hotel was destroyed, Ford and his wife returned to Chicago, where he operated a horse stable business that doubled as a station on the Underground Railroad.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Years in Colorado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1860 Ford followed the <strong>gold rush</strong> to Colorado. After stops in Denver and Central City, he eventually settled in <strong>Breckenridge</strong>. He struck a claim on a hill south of town but was quickly chased away by a mob of local white miners. Back in <strong>Denver</strong> he established a barbershop on Blake Street, earning enough money to buy his small building in 1862.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford lost his barbershop in the <strong>Great Fire of April 1863</strong>, which destroyed much of Denver’s business district.  He quickly got a $9,000 loan from the bank, bought some additional land on Blake Street, and built a much larger two-story brick building on the site of his former barbershop. The building opened on August 16, 1863, with a barbershop in the basement, a restaurant on the main floor, and a bar on the second level. The restaurant, called the <strong>People’s Restaurant</strong>, offered luxuries like fresh oysters, lemons, and Havana cigars. Ford paid off his entire loan just ninety days after opening. The next year his income of $4,673 made him the fourteenth-highest earner in Denver.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1864 the <strong>Colorado Territorial</strong> legislature changed election laws to keep black men from voting. Unwilling to live in a place where he and other black citizens would not have full political rights, Ford decided to move. In 1865 he sold his restaurant business and took his family back to Chicago.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Leader in Business and Politics</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford’s time in Chicago was short. He returned to Denver in 1866, soon after Congress outlawed US territories from denying voting rights based on race. Back in Denver, he built a new restaurant on Blake Street a few blocks away from the location of the People’s Restaurant.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1872 Ford sold his restaurants and entered the hotel business. He bought the four-story Sargent Hotel on Larimer Street, renaming it Ford’s Hotel, and purchased several lots at the corner of Blake and Sixteenth Streets. There he built the Inter-Ocean Hotel, a grand, four-story building that was the finest hotel in Denver when it opened in 1873.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1870s Ford was perhaps the most notable black businessman in Denver. He also became more active in civic affairs. Already in 1866 he had helped establish the first adult education classes in Denver. In 1872 he became the first black man to serve on a federal grand jury in Colorado. An active member of the Republican Party, he served in several county conventions and was the first black man to be nominated to the Colorado Territorial legislature.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Panic of 1873 caused Ford a series of financial setbacks. In 1880 he returned to Breckenridge, where he had been run off his claim in the early 1860s, to take advantage of a new silver boom there. He started a popular restaurant, Ford’s Restaurant and Chop Stand (or Ford’s Chop House), making him the first black business owner in town. The successful restaurant and wise mining investments quickly restored his fortune. In 1882 he built an elegant house for his family in Breckenridge’s wealthy residential district just east of Main Street. His house still stands on East Washington Avenue.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Legacy</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1890 Ford and his wife moved back to Denver, where he continued to manage his various business interests until his death on December 14, 1902. Since then several landmarks and buildings across the state have been named in his honor.  In 1992 he was inducted into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford once owned many properties in Denver, but most of them, including his grand Inter-Ocean Hotel, have been torn down. One that remains basically intact is the People’s Restaurant, Ford’s first successful restaurant in Colorado, which is still located at 1514 Blake Street in Denver. In addition, the Breckenridge Heritage Alliance has restored the Ford family’s house on Washington Avenue and now operates it as a museum.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>Born into slavery in 1822, Barney Ford escaped to freedom and moved to Colorado in 1860. He soon became a successful businessman and an influential civic leader who pushed for Colorado statehood with suffrage for all. Ford died in Denver in 1902 and has been recognized for his contributions to the state with a stained-glass window in the <strong>State Capitol</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Escape from Slavery</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The child of an enslaved mother and a white father, Barney Ford was born on January 22, 1822, in Stafford, Virginia. In childhood he served as a slave in South Carolina, but as a teenager he escaped to Chicago. There he became a barber and made friends in abolitionist circles. He also met his wife, Julia Lyoni. She helped him choose his own middle and last name, taking them from a steam locomotive called the <em>Lancelot Ford</em>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1851 Ford and his wife left Chicago to try their luck in the California Gold Rush. Traveling by ship, they passed through the port of Greytown, Nicaragua, and decided to settle there instead of continuing to California. Ford opened a hotel that catered to Americans and soon rose to prosperity. In 1854, however, he suddenly lost his hotel when an American ship bombarded the town.  After their hotel was destroyed, Ford and his wife returned to Chicago, where he operated a livery business that doubled as a station on the Underground Railroad.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Early Years in Colorado</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1860 Ford followed the gold rush to Colorado. After stops in Denver and Central City, he eventually settled in <strong>Breckenridge</strong>. He struck a claim on a hill south of town but was quickly chased away by a mob of local white miners. Back in <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> he established a barbershop on Blake Street, earning enough money to buy his small building for in 1862.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford lost his barbershop in the <strong>Great Fire of April 1863</strong>, which destroyed much of Denver’s business district. He quickly got a $9,000 loan from the bank, acquired additional land on Blake Street, and built a much larger two-story brick building on the site of his former barbershop. The building opened on August 16, 1863, with a barbershop in the basement, a restaurant on the main floor, and a bar on the second level. The restaurant, called the <strong>People’s Restaurant</strong>, offered luxuries like fresh oysters, lemons, and Havana cigars. It became so profitable that Ford was able to pay off his entire loan just ninety days after opening. The next year his income of $4,673 made him the fourteenth-highest earner in Denver.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1864 the <strong>Colorado Territorial</strong> legislature changed election laws to prohibit black men from voting. Unwilling to live in a place where he and other black citizens would not have full political rights, Ford decided to move. In 1865 he sold his restaurant business and took his family back to Chicago.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Leader in Business and Politics</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford’s time in Chicago was short.  He returned to Denver in 1866, soon after Congress prohibited US territories from denying suffrage based on race. Back in Denver, he built a new restaurant on Blake Street a few blocks away from the People’s Restaurant.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1872 Ford sold his restaurants and entered the hotel business. He bought the four-story Sargent Hotel on Larimer Street, renaming it Ford’s Hotel, and acquired several lots at the corner of Blake and Sixteenth Streets. There he built a grand four-story building.  The Inter-Ocean was the finest hotel in Denver when it opened in 1873.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In the 1870s Ford was perhaps the most prominent black businessman in Denver, and he also became increasingly active in civic affairs. Already in 1866 he had helped establish the first adult education classes in Denver. In 1872 he became the first black man to serve on a federal grand jury in Colorado. An active member of the Republican Party, he served in several county conventions and was the first black man to be nominated to the Colorado Territorial legislature.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Panic of 1873 and losses incurred on a second Inter-Ocean Hotel in Cheyenne, Wyoming, caused Ford a series of financial setbacks. In 1880 he returned to Breckenridge, where he had been run off his claim in the early 1860s, to take advantage of a new silver boom there. He started a popular restaurant, Ford’s Restaurant and Chop Stand (or Ford’s Chop House), making him the first black business owner in town. A profitable restaurant and wise mining investments quickly restored his fortune. In 1882 he built an elegant house for his family in Breckenridge’s wealthy residential district just east of Main Street. His house still stands on East Washington Avenue.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Legacy</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1890 Ford and his wife moved back to Denver, where he continued to manage his various business interests until his death on December 14, 1902. Since then several landmarks and buildings across the state have been named in his honor. In 1964 the hill south of Breckenridge where Ford was run off his claim was renamed Barney Ford Hill. In 1973 <strong>Denver Public Schools</strong> named a new elementary school after him, and the <strong>Denver Housing Authority</strong> also has a residential high-rise named Barney Ford Heights. In 1992 he was inducted into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ford once owned many properties in Denver, but most of them, including his grand Inter-Ocean Hotel, have been torn down. One that remains basically intact is the People’s Restaurant, Ford’s first successful restaurant in Colorado, which continues to occupy 1514 Blake Street in Denver. In addition, the Breckenridge Heritage Alliance has restored the Ford family’s house on Washington Avenue and now operates it as a museum.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Thu, 10 Dec 2015 21:54:37 +0000 Nick Johnson 1048 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org