%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Matchless Mine http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/matchless-mine <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Matchless Mine</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--829--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--829.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/fryer-hill"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/10025681_0.jpg?itok=PHVYSPvK" width="1000" height="614" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/fryer-hill" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Fryer Hill</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Matchless Mine was located on Fryer Hill east of Leadville, which was a bustling mining district in the late 1800s.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--830--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--830.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/matchless-mine-0"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Media%203%20Matchless_Mine.jpg?itok=3roHTzoV" width="800" height="523" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/matchless-mine-0" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Matchless Mine</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--831--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--831.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/baby-doe-tabor-0"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Mine-Media-3-X-21980_0.jpg?itok=tqKpwssT" width="1000" height="1423" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/baby-doe-tabor-0" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Baby Doe Tabor</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>After Horace Tabor died in 1899, his widow, Elizabeth "Baby Doe" Tabor, spent the last three decades of her life trying to retain ownership of the Matchless Mine.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--833--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--833.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/baby-doe-tabors-cabin-matchless-mine"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Mine-4X-61271_0.jpg?itok=FPONcwz8" width="1000" height="685" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/baby-doe-tabors-cabin-matchless-mine" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Baby Doe Tabor&#039;s Cabin at the Matchless Mine</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Baby Doe Tabor lived her final years in this spare eighteen-by-twenty-four cabin at the Matchless Mine outside Leadville, shown here after its restoration in 1953.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--834--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--834.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/matchless-after-mine"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Mine-5-X-61234_0.jpg?itok=uhzCQb_Z" width="1000" height="802" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/matchless-after-mine" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Matchless after the Mine</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In 1953 the nonprofit Leadville Assembly restored the Matchless Mine and opened it to the public as a museum.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-11-06T10:58:19-07:00" title="Friday, November 6, 2015 - 10:58" class="datetime">Fri, 11/06/2015 - 10:58</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/matchless-mine" data-a2a-title="Matchless Mine"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fmatchless-mine&amp;title=Matchless%20Mine"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>One of the most famous <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/precious-metal-mining-colorado"><strong>mines</strong></a> in Colorado, the Matchless Mine in the Leadville Mining District produced millions of dollars’ worth of silver for its owner, <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/horace-tabor"><strong>Horace Tabor</strong></a>, in the early 1880s. The mine is perhaps best known, however, as the home of Horace Tabor’s second wife, <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/elizabeth-“baby-doe”-tabor"><strong>Elizabeth “Baby Doe” Tabor</strong></a>, who lived there on and off for more than three decades after Horace’s death, hoping for a return of the mine’s boom days. The Leadville Assembly restored and stabilized the mine’s buildings in the 1950s and turned the site into a museum, with surface tours offered seasonally by the National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum.</p> <h2>Mining the Matchless</h2> <p>The history of the Matchless Mine on Fryer Hill outside Leadville mirrors the history of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/leadville"><strong>Leadville</strong></a> mining in general. Mining in the Leadville area began with a gold boom in 1860. The area boomed again in the late 1870s, when lead and silver were discovered in the hills east of town. The first ores on Fryer Hill were discovered in May 1878. These ores and others in the area proved incredibly rich. Over the next two years, the mines at Leadville produced more than the rest of the state’s mines had in the previous two decades.</p> <p>The Matchless claim was located by Peter Starr and seven others on July 19, 1878, and was supposedly named after a popular brand of chewing tobacco. The claim was on Fryer Hill, about one and a half miles east of downtown Leadville. Starr and the others soon sold their interests to Tim Foley. Foley and other investors sank four shafts to explore the claim; one found a small amount of ore but was quickly mined out. In August 1879 wealthy Leadville merchant, mine owner, and mayor Horace Tabor (1830–99) began to buy an interest in the claim. By July 1880 Tabor, then lieutenant governor of Colorado, had paid nearly $78,000 (about $20 million in 2013 dollars) for a claim that had yet to produce anything substantial. He took the risk because it lay along the east-west trend of the ore discovered in several bonanza mines on Fryer Hill. Tabor supposedly poured in another $40,000 (about $10 million) to clear his title to the Matchless claim.</p> <p>Tabor had his hands in many profitable Leadville mines, but the Matchless was the only one he owned exclusively. In September 1880 he promoted his young assistant, Lou Leonard, to Matchless’s manager. Leonard directed the mine’s superintendent to sink a shaft near the southwest corner of the claim. In November the shaft struck a rich vein of silver ore. During the winter of 1881, the mine was said to be producing at least $25,000 ($6.5 million) per month. In March 1882 alone the mine produced $82,000. By January 1883 the Matchless had produced a total of $1.9 million ($484 million), making it Tabor’s most lucrative mining interest. The mine was so famous that Oscar Wilde toured it during his 1882 trip to America.</p> <h2>Declining Fortunes</h2> <p>By the mid-1880s, however, the high-grade ore on Fryer Hill was nearly exhausted. The Matchless shared this fate. By 1885 its output was declining. Even with deeper shafts and more extensive exploration below the surface, the mine was only sporadically producing small amounts of high-grade ore. In the second half of the 1880s Tabor started to lease older areas of the Matchless, indicating that they were mostly played out.</p> <p>Tabor’s fortunes declined along with those of his Leadville mines. He had plenty of valuable real estate, including the T<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/tabor-grand-opera-house"><strong>abor Grand Opera House</strong></a> and the Tabor Block in Denver, as well as many mining investments, but by the late 1880s his income was not keeping up with his expenditures. He used his properties as collateral for several loans, then borrowed more money to pay off the loans. Tabor’s remaining wealth vanished in 1893, when an economic panic and the demonetization of silver dealt a huge blow to the American economy.</p> <h2>Baby Doe Tabor at the Matchless Mine</h2> <p>When Horace Tabor died of an infection from a ruptured appendix in April 1899, he was basically bankrupt. Tabor Mines and Mills, which still owned the Matchless, was deeply in debt, and the Matchless was pledged as collateral for loans. Tabor’s much younger second wife, <strong>Elizabeth Bonduel McCourt Doe Tabor </strong>(1854–1935), better known as “Baby Doe,” was secretary of the company. There is a legend that on his deathbed he told her, “Hang on to the Matchless. It will make millions again.”</p> <p>There is no firm evidence to support that legend, but Baby Doe Tabor nevertheless spent the rest of her life trying to hold on to the Matchless. After the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/lake-county"><strong>Lake County</strong></a> sheriff intervened to settle the mining company’s debts and sell the mine in 1901, Baby Doe’s sister Claudia McCourt McCabe bought back the mine in 1902. McCabe granted Baby Doe power of attorney and allowed her to conduct all business regarding the Matchless.</p> <p>Over the next thirty-five years, Matchless lessees continued to produce low-grade ore. As time went on, production declined and became sporadic by the late 1920s. By then Baby Doe’s income from leases, loans, and charity had trickled nearly to a halt. She probably began to live in a small superintendent’s cabin at the mine for longer periods of time.</p> <p>In the late 1920s the property was finally foreclosed and sold to the Shorego Mining Company at a Lake County sheriff’s sale. Contemporary accounts report that Shorego, owned by Denver millionaire J. K. Mullen, bought the mine to allow the elderly Baby Doe, then seventy-one years old, to stay in her cabin. By that time she was apparently being supported by benefactors like Mullen and <strong>Margaret (Molly) Brown</strong>. She was found frozen in her cabin, after apparently dying of heart failure, in early March 1935.</p> <h2>Museum</h2> <p>There were a few final efforts to operate the Matchless after Baby Doe Tabor’s death. The Matchless Mining Company of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/grand-junction"><strong>Grand Junction</strong></a> evaluated the mine in 1937 but never produced any ore. In 1945 Thomas Nixon and Associates of Denver made the final attempt to revive the Matchless Mine, again without success.</p> <p>By the 1950s, interest in the Tabor story meant the Matchless site had considerable historic value. Three structures dating to the late nineteenth century were still standing: Baby Doe’s cabin, the No. 6 head frame, and the hoist house. In 1953 the nonprofit Leadville Assembly began to restore and stabilize the structures. That summer the assembly began to operate the Matchless site as a museum, though the site was still owned by the Shorego Mining Company. Shorego donated the site to the Leadville Assembly in 1988.</p> <p>Originally, the Colorado and Southern Railroad’s Mineral Belt branch ran east of the Matchless. In the 1990s the Leadville community made the old railroad bed part of the Mineral Belt Trail, a twelve-mile paved recreation path around the city that opened in 2000. The trail provides interpretive signs and easy pedestrian and bicycle access to the Matchless and other sites in Leadville’s historic mining district.</p> <p>In 2006 the Leadville Assembly transferred the Matchless Mine to the National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum, which offers guided surface tours of the site daily during the summers. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/leadville" hreflang="en">Leadville</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mining" hreflang="en">mining</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mines" hreflang="en">mines</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/horace-tabor" hreflang="en">horace tabor</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/baby-doe-tabor" hreflang="en">Baby Doe Tabor</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fryer-hill" hreflang="en">Fryer Hill</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Fay Golson and Katherine Neilson, “Matchless Mine,” National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (June 7, 2010).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Don L. Griswold and Jean Harvey Griswold, <em>History of Leadville and Lake County, Colorado: From Mountain Solitude to Metropolis</em> (Denver: Colorado Historical Society, 1996).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Jon Horn and Nathan Fleming, “Matchless Mine,” Colorado Cultural Resource Survey (July 8, 1996).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“<a href="https://www.mininghalloffame.org/page/matchless-timeline">Matchless Timeline</a>,” National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Duane A. Smith, <em>Horace Tabor: His Life and the Legend</em> (Boulder: Colorado Associated University Press, 1973).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>John Burke, <em>The Legend of Baby Doe: The Life and Times of the Silver Queen of the West</em> (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1974).</p> <p>Lewis Cass Gandy, <em>The Tabors: A Footnote of Western History</em> (New York: Press of the Pioneers, 1934).</p> <p>"<a href="https://coloradopreservation.org/programs/endangered-places/endangered-places-archives/leadville-mining-district/">Leadville Mining District</a>," Colorado Preservation, Endangered Places Archive.</p> <p>Rocky Mountain PBS,&nbsp;<a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365892557/">"The Tabors,"</a>&nbsp;<em>Colorado Experience</em>, November 17, 2016.</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>The Matchless Mine, in the Leadville Mining District, is one of the most famous mines in Colorado. It produced millions of dollars in silver in the early 1880s. The mine was owned by <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/horace-tabor"><strong>Horace Tabor</strong></a>. The Matchless is best known as the home of Horace Tabor’s second wife, Elizabeth “Baby Doe” Tabor. She lived there on and off for more than thirty years after Horace’s death. She was hoping for a return of the mine’s boom days. The Leadville Assembly repaired the mine’s buildings in the 1950s and turned the site into a museum.</p> <h2>Mining the Matchless</h2> <p>The history of the Matchless Mine is like the history of mining in <strong>Leadville</strong>. Mining in the Leadville area began with a gold boom in 1860. The area boomed again in the late 1870s, when lead and silver were discovered nearby. Over the next two years, the mines at Leadville produced more than the rest of the state’s mines had in the previous twenty years.</p> <p>The Matchless claim was made by Peter Starr and seven others on July 19, 1878. It is said that it was named after a popular brand of chewing tobacco. The claim was on Fryer Hill, east of downtown Leadville. Starr and the others soon sold their mine to Tim Foley. Foley and others sank four shafts to explore the claim. A small amount of ore was found, but it was quickly mined out. In August 1879, wealthy Leadville merchant, mine owner, and mayor Horace Tabor (1830–99) began to buy a part of the claim. By July 1880, Tabor, who was then lieutenant governor of Colorado, had paid nearly $78,000 for a claim that was not producing very much.</p> <p>The Matchless was the only mine Tabor owned totally. In September 1880, Tabor’s assistant told the mine’s director to sink a shaft near the southwest corner of the claim. In November 1880, the shaft struck a rich vein of silver ore. During the winter of 1881, the mine produced at least $25,000 per month. In March 1882, the mine produced $82,000. By January 1883, the Matchless had made a total of $1.9 million. It was Tabor’s most profitable mine.</p> <h2>Declining Fortunes</h2> <p>By the mid-1880s, the high-grade ore on Fryer Hill was nearly gone. The Matchless shared this fate. By 1885 its output was falling and Tabor’s wealth fell along with it. He had plenty of valuable real estate, including the Tabor Grand Opera House and the Tabor Block in Denver. He also had savings from his mines, but by the late 1880s, his income was not keeping up with what he was spending.</p> <h2>Baby Doe Tabor at the Matchless Mine</h2> <p>When Horace Tabor died in April 1899, he was nearly bankrupt. Tabor’s second wife, <strong>Elizabeth Bonduel McCourt Doe Tabor </strong>(1854–1935), better known as “Baby Doe,” was secretary of Tabor’s company. There is a legend that on his deathbed he told her, “Hang on to the Matchless. It will make millions again.” Baby Doe Tabor spent the rest of her life trying to hold on to the Matchless.</p> <p>Over the next thirty-five years, the Matchless continued to produce low-grade ore. Production dropped by the late 1920s and Baby Doe’s income had almost come to a halt.</p> <p>In the late 1920s, the property was sold to the Shorego Mining Company owned by Denver millionaire J.K. Mullen. He bought the mine to allow Baby Doe, then seventy-one years old, to stay in her cabin. By that time, she was being supported by Mullen and <strong>Margaret (Molly) Brown</strong>. She was found frozen in her cabin in early March 1935.</p> <h2>Museum</h2> <p>By the 1950s, interest in the Tabor story meant the Matchless site had considerable historic value. Three structures dating to the late nineteenth century were still standing, including Baby Doe’s cabin. In 1953 the nonprofit Leadville Assembly began to restore and repair the structures. That summer, the assembly began to operate the Matchless site as a museum.</p> <p>Guided surface tours of the Matchless are offered daily during the summers. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>The Matchless Mine, in the Leadville Mining District, is one of the most famous mines in Colorado. In the early 1880s, it produced millions of dollars in silver for its owner, <strong>Horace Tabor</strong>. The mine is perhaps best known as the home of Horace Tabor’s second wife, Elizabeth “Baby Doe” Tabor. She lived there on and off for more than thirty years after Horace’s death, hoping the mine’s boom days would return. The Leadville Assembly restored the mine’s buildings in the 1950s and turned the site into a museum. Surface tours of the site are offered seasonally by Leadville’s National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum.</p> <h2>Mining the Matchless</h2> <p>The history of the Matchless Mine on Fryer Hill parallels the history of <strong>Leadville</strong> mining in general. Mining in the Leadville area began with a gold boom in 1860. The area boomed again in the late 1870s, when lead and silver were discovered in the hills east of town. The first ores on Fryer Hill were discovered in May 1878. These ores and others in the area were incredibly rich. Over the next two years, the mines at Leadville produced more than the rest of Colorado’s mines had in the previous twenty years.</p> <p>The Matchless claim was made by Peter Starr and seven others on July 19, 1878. Supposedly, it was named after a popular brand of chewing tobacco. The claim was on Fryer Hill, about one and a half miles east of downtown Leadville. Starr and the others soon sold their interests to Tim Foley. Foley and other investors sank four shafts to explore the claim. One found a small amount of ore, but it was quickly mined out. In August 1879, wealthy Leadville merchant, mine owner, and mayor <strong><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/horace-tabor">Horace Tabor</a></strong> (1830–99) began to buy an interest in the claim. By July 1880, Tabor, then lieutenant governor of Colorado, had paid nearly $78,000 for a claim that had not yet produced anything significant. He took the risk because it lay along the east-west trend of the ore discovered in several bonanza mines on Fryer Hill. Ultimately, Tabor invested enough to make him owner of the Matchless claim.</p> <p>Tabor had investments in many profitable Leadville mines, but the Matchless was the only one he owned completely. In September 1880, he promoted his young assistant, Lou Leonard, to manager of the Matchless. Leonard directed the mine’s superintendent to sink a shaft near the southwest corner of the claim. In November the shaft struck a rich vein of silver ore. During the winter of 1881, the mine was said to be producing at least $25,000 per month. In March 1882 alone, the mine produced $82,000. By January 1883, the Matchless had produced a total of $1.9 million, making it Tabor’s most productive mining interest.</p> <h2>Declining Fortunes</h2> <p>By the mid-1880s, the high-grade ore on Fryer Hill was nearly exhausted. The Matchless shared this fate. By 1885 its output was declining. Even with deeper shafts and more extensive exploration below the surface, the mine was only periodically producing small amounts of high-grade ore.</p> <p>Tabor’s fortunes declined along with his Leadville mines. He had plenty of valuable real estate, including the Tabor Grand Opera House and the Tabor Block in Denver, as well as many mining investments, but by the late 1880s, his income was not keeping up with his expenses. He used his properties as collateral for several loans, then borrowed more money to pay off the loans. Tabor’s remaining wealth vanished in 1893, when an economic panic and the return to the gold standard dealt a huge blow to the American economy.</p> <h2>Baby Doe Tabor at the Matchless Mine</h2> <p>When Horace Tabor died in April 1899, he was basically bankrupt. Tabor Mines and Mills, which still owned the Matchless, was deep in debt, and the Matchless was pledged as collateral for loans. Tabor’s much younger second wife, <strong>Elizabeth Bonduel McCourt Doe Tabor </strong>(1854–1935), better known as “Baby Doe,” was secretary of the company. There is a legend that on his deathbed Horace told her, “Hang on to the Matchless. It will make millions again.”</p> <p>There is no firm evidence to support that legend, but Baby Doe Tabor nevertheless spent the rest of her life trying to hold on to the Matchless. The Lake County sheriff settled the mining company’s debts and sold the mine in 1901. Baby Doe’s sister Claudia McCourt McCabe bought the mine in 1902. McCabe granted Baby Doe power of attorney and allowed her to conduct all business regarding the Matchless.</p> <p>Over the next thirty-five years, the Matchless continued to produce low-grade ore. By the late 1920s, production declined and became sporadic. Baby Doe’s income from leases, loans, and charity had nearly halted. She probably began to live in a small superintendent’s cabin at the mine for longer periods of time.</p> <p>In the late 1920s, the property was finally foreclosed and sold to the Shorego Mining Company. Accounts report that Shorego, owned by Denver millionaire J. K. Mullen, bought the mine to allow Baby Doe, then seventy-one years old, to stay in her cabin. By that time, she was apparently being supported by benefactors like Mullen and <strong>Margaret (Molly) Brown</strong>. She was found frozen in her cabin, apparently dead of heart failure, in early March 1935.</p> <h2>Museum</h2> <p>By the 1950s, interest in the Tabor story meant the Matchless site had considerable historic value. Three structures dating to the late nineteenth century were still standing: Baby Doe’s cabin, the No. 6 head frame, and the hoist house. In 1953 the nonprofit Leadville Assembly began to restore the structures. That summer, the assembly began to operate the Matchless site as a museum, though the site was still owned by the Shorego Mining Company. Shorego donated the site to the Leadville Assembly in 1988.</p> <p>Originally, the Colorado &amp; Southern Railroad’s Mineral Belt branch ran east of the Matchless. In the 1990s, the Leadville community made the old railroad bed part of the Mineral Belt Trail, a twelve-mile paved recreation path around the city that opened in 2000. The trail provides interpretive signs and easy pedestrian and bicycle access to the Matchless and other sites in Leadville’s historic mining district.</p> <p>In 2006 the Leadville Assembly transferred the Matchless Mine to the National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum, which offers guided surface tours of the site daily during the summers. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>One of the most famous mines in Colorado, the Matchless Mine in the Leadville Mining District produced millions of dollars in silver for its owner, <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/horace-tabor"><strong>Horace Tabor</strong></a>, in the early 1880s. The mine is perhaps best known as the home of Horace Tabor’s second wife, Elizabeth “Baby Doe” Tabor, who lived there on and off for more than three decades after Horace’s death, hoping for a return of the mine’s boom days. The Leadville Assembly restored and stabilized the mine’s buildings in the 1950s and turned the site into a museum, with surface tours offered seasonally by the National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum.</p> <h2>Mining the Matchless</h2> <p>The history of the Matchless Mine on Fryer Hill parallels the history of <strong>Leadville</strong> mining in general. Mining in the Leadville area began with a gold boom in 1860. The area boomed again in the late 1870s, when lead and silver were discovered in the hills east of town. The first ores on Fryer Hill were discovered in May 1878. These ores and others in the area proved incredibly rich. Over the next two years, the mines at Leadville produced more than the rest of Colorado’s mines had in the previous two decades.</p> <p>The Matchless claim was made by Peter Starr and seven others on July 19, 1878, and was supposedly named after a popular brand of chewing tobacco. The claim was on Fryer Hill, about one and a half miles east of downtown Leadville. Starr and the others soon sold their interests to Tim Foley. Foley and other investors sank four shafts to explore the claim. One found a small amount of ore, but it was quickly mined out. In August 1879, wealthy Leadville merchant, mine owner, and mayor Horace Tabor (1830–99) began to buy an interest in the claim. By July 1880, Tabor, then lieutenant governor of Colorado, had paid nearly $78,000 for a claim that had yet to produce anything significant. He took the risk because it lay along the east-west trend of the ore discovered in several bonanza mines on Fryer Hill. Tabor supposedly paid another $40,000 to gain title to the Matchless claim.</p> <p>Tabor had interests in many profitable Leadville mines, but the Matchless was the only one he owned exclusively. In September 1880, he promoted his young assistant, Lou Leonard, to manager of the Matchless. Leonard directed the mine’s superintendent to sink a shaft near the southwest corner of the claim. In November the shaft struck a rich vein of silver ore. During the winter of 1881, the mine was said to be producing at least $25,000 per month. In March 1882 alone, the mine produced $82,000. By January 1883, the Matchless had produced a total of $1.9 million, making it Tabor’s most lucrative mining interest.</p> <h2>Declining Fortunes</h2> <p>By the mid-1880s, however, the high-grade ore on Fryer Hill was nearly exhausted. The Matchless shared this fate. By 1885 its output was declining. Even with deeper shafts and more extensive exploration below the surface, the mine was only sporadically producing small amounts of high-grade ore. In the second half of the 1880s, Tabor started to lease older areas of the Matchless, indicating that they were mostly played out.</p> <p>Tabor’s fortunes declined with his Leadville mines. He had plenty of valuable real estate, including the Tabor Grand Opera House and the Tabor Block in Denver, as well as many mining investments, but by the late 1880s, his income was not keeping up with his expenditures. He used his properties as collateral for several loans, then borrowed more money to pay off the loans. Tabor’s remaining wealth vanished in 1893, when an economic panic and return to the gold standard dealt a huge blow to the American economy.</p> <h2>Baby Doe Tabor at the Matchless Mine</h2> <p>When Horace Tabor died in April 1899, he was basically bankrupt. Tabor Mines and Mills, which still owned the Matchless, was deeply in debt, and the Matchless was pledged as collateral for loans. Tabor’s much younger second wife, <strong>Elizabeth Bonduel McCourt Doe Tabor </strong>(1854–1935), better known as “Baby Doe,” was secretary of the company. There is a legend that on his deathbed he told her, “Hang on to the Matchless. It will make millions again.”</p> <p>There is no firm evidence to support that legend, but Baby Doe Tabor nevertheless spent the rest of her life trying to hold on to the Matchless. After the Lake County sheriff intervened to settle the mining company’s debts and sell the mine in 1901, Baby Doe’s sister, Claudia McCourt McCabe, bought the mine in 1902. McCabe granted Baby Doe power of attorney and allowed her to conduct all business regarding the Matchless.</p> <p>Over the next thirty-five years, the Matchless continued to produce low-grade ore., Production declined as time went on and became sporadic by the late 1920s. By then, Baby Doe’s income from leases, loans, and charity had trickled nearly to a halt. She probably began to live in a small superintendent’s cabin at the mine for longer periods of time.</p> <p>In the late 1920s, the property was finally foreclosed and sold to the Shorego Mining Company at a Lake County sheriff’s sale. Contemporary accounts report that Shorego, owned by Denver millionaire J. K. Mullen, bought the mine to allow Baby Doe, then seventy-one years old, to stay in her cabin. By that time, she was apparently being supported by benefactors like Mullen and <strong>Margaret (Molly) Brown</strong>. She was found frozen in her cabin, apparently dead of heart failure, in early March 1935.</p> <h2>Museum</h2> <p>There were a few final efforts to operate the Matchless after Baby Doe Tabor’s death. The Matchless Mining Company of Grand Junction evaluated the mine in 1937 but never produced any ore. In 1945 Thomas Nixon and Associates of Denver made the final attempt to revive the Matchless Mine, again without success.</p> <p>By the 1950s, interest in the Tabor story meant the Matchless site had considerable historic value. Three structures dating to the late nineteenth century were still standing: Baby Doe’s cabin, the No. 6 head frame, and the hoist house. In 1953 the nonprofit Leadville Assembly began to restore the structures. That summer, the assembly began to operate the Matchless site as a museum, though the site was still owned by the Shorego Mining Company. Shorego donated the site to the Leadville Assembly in 1988.</p> <p>Originally, the Colorado &amp; Southern Railroad’s Mineral Belt branch ran east of the Matchless. In the 1990s, the Leadville community made the old railroad bed part of the Mineral Belt Trail, a twelve-mile paved recreation path around the city that opened in 2000. The trail provides interpretive signs and easy pedestrian and bicycle access to the Matchless and other sites in Leadville’s historic mining district.</p> <p>In 2006 the Leadville Assembly transferred the Matchless Mine to the National Mining Hall of Fame and Museum, which offers guided surface tours of the site daily during the summers. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 06 Nov 2015 17:58:19 +0000 yongli 828 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org