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Sand Creek Massacre

George Bent

Added by yongli on 08/11/2016 - 16:23, last changed on 11/12/2022 - 08:48
George Bent (1843–1918) was a half-white, half-Native American soldier who fought in multiple battles for the Confederacy during the Civil War and for the Cheyenne people in various wars of the late nineteenth century. His life reflects the shifts in alliances and the balance of power in Colorado...

Godfrey’s Ranch

Added by yongli on 07/28/2022 - 13:14, last changed on 08/01/2022 - 07:25
On January 14–15, 1865, immigrant Holon Godfrey found his family homestead in Colorado Territory under attack by about 100 Indigenous warriors engaged in a campaign of reprisal attacks after the Sand Creek Massacre of November 1864. The fierce battle at Godfrey’s Ranch was an example of a common...

Indigenous Treaties in Colorado

Added by yongli on 06/09/2020 - 11:31, last changed on 02/28/2023 - 20:40
Treaties with Indigenous people played a major role in the conquest and formation of Colorado . Backed by the constant threat of military force, the series of treaties and agreements signed between the federal government and various Indigenous groups between 1849 and 1880 separated Indigenous...

John Evans

Added by yongli on 01/16/2020 - 15:22, last changed on 11/15/2022 - 09:39
John Evans (1814–97) served as second governor of Colorado Territory , from 1862 to 1865. His role in precipitating the massacre of peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians at Sand Creek in November 1864 forced him to resign. A doctor and Methodist minister who helped found Northwestern University in...

Joseph Hutchison

Added by yongli on 12/12/2018 - 13:31, last changed on 02/13/2019 - 12:24
Joseph Hutchison, Poet Laureate of Colorado (2014–2019), is the award-winning author of seventeen poetry collections, including The World As Is: New & Selected Poems, 1972-2015; The Satire Lounge; Marked Men; Thread of the Real ; and Bed of Coals . He has co-edited two poetry anthologies—the...

Little Arkansas Treaty

Added by yongli on 06/09/2020 - 11:37, last changed on 01/26/2023 - 04:40
The Little Arkansas Treaty refers to a pair of treaties signed between the US and Indigenous nations in Kansas in mid-October 1865: one with the Southern Arapaho and Southern Cheyenne nations and one with the Comanche and Kiowa . Of the two, the treaty signed on October 14 with the Cheyenne and...

Niwot (Left Hand)

Added by yongli on 03/04/2016 - 09:41, last changed on 02/09/2023 - 08:40
Niwot (c. 1820s–64), known to English speakers as "Left Hand," was a prominent Arapaho leader in the mid-1800s. The tumultuous period in Colorado history followed the 1858 discovery of gold near present-day Denver , on the traditional lands of the Arapaho and Cheyenne . Diplomat, negotiator,...

Samuel Elbert

Added by Nick Johnson on 11/19/2022 - 08:59, last changed on 12/03/2022 - 10:42
Samuel Hitt Elbert (1833–99) was the sixth governor of the Colorado Territory (1873–74) and was elected as one of the first justices on the Colorado Supreme Court after statehood in 1876. The son-in-law of territorial governor and businessman John Evans , Elbert held multiple positions in Colorado...

Samuel Gerish Colley

Added by yongli on 10/21/2015 - 15:28, last changed on 01/26/2023 - 10:43
Holding political offices in Wisconsin and Colorado throughout his life, Samuel G. Colley (1807–90) is best known for serving as Indian Agent for the Upper Arkansas Indian Agency from 1860 to 1865. He was responsible for managing the Cheyenne and Arapaho prior to and during the Colorado War (1863–...

Sand Creek Massacre

Added by yongli on 09/19/2019 - 13:42, last changed on 11/16/2022 - 08:05
On November 29, 1864, US volunteer cavalry killed at least 230 Cheyenne and Arapaho people—mostly women, children, and the elderly—who were camped peacefully along Sand Creek in what was then Colorado Territory . Learning about the Sand Creek Massacre encourages people to reflect on the ways the...

The Civil War in Colorado

Added by yongli on 09/13/2022 - 14:14, last changed on 10/26/2022 - 00:41
Colorado’s role in the American Civil War (1861–65) was part of a broader geopolitical contest: control of the American Southwest. The war began in 1861, just two years after the Colorado Gold Rush and mere months after Congress established the Colorado Territory . Although the territory was...

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Added by yongli on 06/09/2020 - 11:50, last changed on 11/23/2022 - 03:42
Signed in 1851, the Treaty of Fort Laramie was made between the US government and several Indigenous nations of the Great Plains —including the Cheyenne , Arapaho , and Lakota —who occupied parts of present southern Wyoming and northern Colorado. The treaty was part of the government’s efforts to...

Treaty of Fort Wise

Added by yongli on 08/21/2015 - 16:14, last changed on 11/26/2022 - 11:42
The Treaty of Fort Wise was an agreement between the US government and the Cheyenne and Arapaho people who lived on the western Great Plains in present-day Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming. The treaty was signed in 1861 and reduced the territorial lands previously granted to the Cheyenne and...
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