%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Carrie Welton http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/carrie-welton <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Carrie Welton</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1686--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1686.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/longs-peak-seen-east-sunrise"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/2433vr8_0.jpg?itok=3wNwfSti" width="768" height="1024" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/longs-peak-seen-east-sunrise" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Longs Peak seen from the east at sunrise</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Longs Peak, at 14,259 feet (4346 m), is the highest peak, and only fourteener, in Rocky Mountain National Park.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1683--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1683.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/bear-lake-and-longs-peak"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Carrie-Welton-Media-1_0.jpg?itok=x_rvArGr" width="1000" height="718" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/bear-lake-and-longs-peak" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Bear Lake and Longs Peak</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>View of Bear Lake in Rocky Mountain National Park with Longs Peak in the distance. In the fall of 1884 the mountaineer Carrie Welton made an ill-fated climb up Longs Peak, dying of injuries and exposure in a snowstorm on her descent.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1684--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1684.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/keyhole"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/1935829_119272291467_2442260_n_0.jpg?itok=3qa9Nj5Q" width="604" height="453" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/keyhole" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Keyhole</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>After the Keyhole 13,200', the route becomes more difficult.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1685--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1685.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/homestretch"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/1935829_119272351467_3585471_n_0.jpg?itok=YqIrLfx6" width="453" height="604" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/homestretch" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The Homestretch </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Homestretch of the East Longs Peak trail. The summit is at the end of the Homestretch.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-08-15T14:33:28-06:00" title="Monday, August 15, 2016 - 14:33" class="datetime">Mon, 08/15/2016 - 14:33</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/carrie-welton" data-a2a-title="Carrie Welton"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcarrie-welton&amp;title=Carrie%20Welton"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Carrie Welton (1842–84) was a relatively well-known socialite and amateur mountaineer who climbed Colorado <a href="/article/fourteeners"><strong>Fourteeners</strong></a> in the 1880s. When Welton perished during an ill-advised autumn ascent of <a href="/article/longs-peak"><strong>Longs Peak</strong></a> in 1884, she became the focal point of a national discussion concerning backcountry safety and etiquette. Today, as Colorado’s outdoor recreation remains a large draw for tourists around the globe and thousands of hikers summit Longs Peak every year, Welton’s story remains a cautionary tale and a reminder of the mountain’s dangers.</p> <h2>Early Life</h2> <p>Caroline Josephine Welton, known to her family and friends as “Carrie,” was born on June 7, 1842. By the time she was eleven years old, the Welton family had moved back to Waterbury, Connecticut, where her father, Joseph, purchased interests in both the Waterbury Brass and the Oakville Pin companies. Success and prosperity quickly followed, culminating a decade later, in 1863, with the purchase of Rose Hill Cottage, a handsome stone mansion on Prospect Street. The Weltons spared no expense in securing their daughter’s education, sending her off to Miss Edwards’s School in New Haven and the Mears-Burkhardt School in New York, after which she studied drawing and oil painting in New York with several well-known artists of the day. None of this, including attentions paid by Waterbury society and its eligible bachelors, seemed to have mattered much to Carrie Welton.</p> <p>From the age of twenty, the center of her life was her beloved horse, Knight, a gift from her father. Welton loved animals—she kept cats, dogs, and rabbits—but Knight was her favorite. She installed him in a velvet-draped stall in the Rose Hill stables, equipped him with special shoes and tack trimmed with silver, and fed him oats from a bone china bowl hand-painted with pansies and gold lettering bearing Knight’s name. Welton and her spirited black horse became familiar figures around town as she rode through the woods, fields, and streets of Waterbury in all sorts of weather.</p> <p>Long before she left home for Colorado, Welton had earned a reputation among her contemporaries as a woman of social graces “with a propensity to do uncommon things” and “a reputation for courage and physical endurance.” She was also impulsive, headstrong, and accustomed to having her own way and confronting life on her terms. On March 26, 1874, Joseph Welton, by then the president of Waterbury Brass, died after sustaining a kick from Knight. Joseph had seen to it that his wife and daughter were well taken care of, although the distribution of his estate was odd in one respect: Rose Hill was divided, with Jane Welton getting the house and Carrie getting the grounds.</p> <p>Both women initially sought consolation through travel, and in 1875–76 the pair visited California. By 1880, their relationship had changed. For reasons never entirely clear, there was a deep and lasting estrangement. Though disagreements over money were sometimes cited, the causes were more likely rooted in their personalities. Jane was known as stern and majestic and was as headstrong and determined to have her way as her daughter. Whatever the reason for their quarrel, Jane and Carrie were content to go their separate ways. After 1880, Carrie never returned to Rose Hill, and in 1883 she removed her mother as the executor of her will.</p> <h2>Colorado</h2> <p>By 1884, Welton had become what was then regarded as a spinster, whose life was plainly in transition. She traveled, coming West in the spring to explore Yellowstone National Park for several weeks before moving on to <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-springs"><strong>Colorado Springs</strong></a>. This was Welton’s second visit to Colorado. It would later be intimated that she suffered from a heart condition and lived with Augusta A. Warren in one of her two boardinghouses. The highlight of this visit would be a summiting of 14,110-foot <a href="/article/pikes-peak"><strong>Pikes Peak</strong></a>, which Welton completed despite encountering a severe storm. She took up residence in the splendid Antlers Hotel that had opened that June. Carrie and Augusta—now fast friends—shared a love of nature and the outdoors. During the weeks following her arrival, Augusta took Welton to Bear Creek Canyon, where she kept a homesteader cabin, and to other attractions, including Manitou Springs.</p> <p>Welton was determined not only to repeat her success at Pikes Peak but to accomplish the mountain’s first ascent of the season. The winter of 1883–84 had been exceptionally cold, and well into summer the trail remained impassable, clogged by deep snows. An augur of things to come, Welton had been warned that the undertaking was foolish and dangerous. Somehow obtaining the services of two guides, she departed Manitou at midnight and reached the summit after a cold, tedious trip. From Colorado Springs, she went north to Denver by rail, where she stayed with friends at the<a href="/article/brown-palace-hotel"><strong> Brown Palace Hotel</strong></a>. Welton’s love of the mountains drew her to <strong>Estes Park</strong> during the week of September 14, 1884, where she took up residence at the Estes Park Hotel. On Monday, September 22, she announced her intention to ascend 14,255-foot Longs Peak, a significantly more technical and difficult climb than Pikes Peak. Theodore Whyte, Dunraven’s resident manager, attempted to dissuade her from the attempt, citing Colorado’s unpredictable September weather and the remaining winter snows that rendered the north and west faces of the peak unclimbable.</p> <h2>Longs Peak</h2> <p>Buoyed by her successful climb of Pikes Peak, Welton was adamant about making the bid for Longs. On Monday afternoon, leaving behind a small package at the hotel but taking her jewelry, she engaged Henry S. Gilbert, a local livery operator, to take her to Lamb’s Ranch. By 1884, the <strong>Reverend Elkanah Lamb </strong>(1832–1915), the first professional guide to the Longs Peak region, had turned the guide business over to his son, Carlyle (1862–1958). It was with the younger Lamb that Welton made arrangements for the eight-mile ascent of Longs Peak the following day. The pair left on horseback early the next morning.</p> <p>Although the day broke warm and pleasant, it took some five hours to make the first six miles. As on Pikes Peak, the snows of the preceding winter were still very deep, often obscuring the trail. The going proved difficult for the horses, and Carlyle and Carrie decided to leave them well below the usual tethering place at the Boulder Field, the tumbled mass of rocks at the east edge of the peak’s formidable face. This decision, made in sunshine while the two climbers were still fresh, is what likely cost Welton her life.</p> <p>At the Keyhole the weather began to turn against them. They encountered a strong, chilling wind and dark clouds, a sign of worse weather still to come. Carlyle, an experienced climber who had summited the peak for the first time at age seventeen, wisely advised retreat—even if they succeeded in taking the summit, there would not be any view. Welton would have none of it. She had heard such objections from her guides on Pikes Peak. Her response, Carlyle later told his father, was that “she had never undertaken anything and given it up.” And so they proceeded up the imposing east face under gathering storm clouds.</p> <p>Even at the time, general knowledge held that it was best to be off the summit well before noon to avoid the inevitable afternoon storms, many of which are quite fierce. By the time Welton and her guide reached the summit it was frigid and very late—after 3 p.m., by Lamb’s account. Welton was weary, and the stay at the summit proved brief. As Lamb had feared, dark clouds had intensified, a sign that a storm had already set in below them. Leaving the summit, the clouds briefly lifted; but now, as they recrossed the Narrows and headed down the Trough, they found themselves caught in a fearsome snowstorm—the worst Lamb had ever seen in the mountains. Their descent became increasingly slow, and Welton began to complain of exhaustion. Over the next two hours they failed to cover even a mile of ground. The pair struggled to the Keyhole, but by then Welton had grown entirely numb from the cold and could not stand unassisted. The moment of crisis and decision had come—it was now 10 p.m.</p> <h2>Death</h2> <p>The pair descended a short distance below the Keyhole, and Lamb called a halt. Sitting down, he confided in Welton that he too could barely stand after the exertion of helping her across the Narrows and down the Trough. The only chance that either of them had for survival, he told her, was for him to leave her and go ahead for help. At first, Welton objected to being left alone, but eventually she relented. The pair situated Welton as best they could against the biting cold and fierce winds, and Lamb stumbled into the darkness, continuing his descent. The storm lifted momentarily, and the moonlight aided him in his rapid descent. He reached the horses and rode one while leading the other five miles through the storm to his father’s ranch. The Lambs immediately began a return trip up the mountain, reaching timberline at 1 a.m. the next morning, but a gale made progress maddeningly slow as they continued up the moraine toward the Boulder Field. Just before daybreak, the elder Lamb reached the edge of the uplift. He would never forget the sight waiting for him: “I came in sight of the tragic spot, where Carrie J. Welton lay at rest, having died alone amid the wind’s mad revelry and dismal dirge, and which was holding high carnival over her body by blowing every section of her garments in its unrelenting fury, seemingly sporting with its victim in demonical triumph. I remember, with clear distinctness, my involuntary expression as I approached the body: ‘I fear, my young lady, that you are past saving.’”</p> <p>Welton had struggled about ten feet from the spot where Carlyle left her and had fallen over a rock, badly bruising her head and wrist. She lay in a snowbank, still wearing her silk sun mask, next to the ivory-handled riding whip upon which she had hoped to record her mountaineering achievements. On October 17, 1884, she was laid to rest in a service held at Rose Hill Cottage. In the following weeks and months, newspapers across the country weighed in on the ethics of Lamb’s decision to leave Welton and go for help, prompting a national conversation about wilderness safety at a time when outdoor recreation was still in its infancy.</p> <p><strong>Adapted from James H. Pickering, “‘Alone Amid the Wind's Mad Revelry’: The Death of Carrie Welton,”&nbsp;<em>Colorado Heritage Magazine</em>&nbsp;18, no. 3 (1998).</strong></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/carrie" hreflang="en">Carrie</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/welton" hreflang="en">Welton</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/carrie-welton" hreflang="en">Carrie Welton</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mountain-climbing-colorado" hreflang="en">mountain climbing colorado</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-mountain-climbers" hreflang="en">colorado mountain climbers</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mountaineers" hreflang="en">mountaineers</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mountaineering-history" hreflang="en">mountaineering history</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/longs-peak" hreflang="en">Longs Peak</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/pikes-peak" hreflang="en">pikes peak</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fourteeners" hreflang="en">fourteeners</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Dougald MacDonald,&nbsp;<em>Longs Peak: The Story of Colorado’s Favorite Fourteener</em> (Englewood, CO: Westcliffe, 2004).</p> <p>James H.&nbsp;Pickering, <em>This Blue Hollow: Estes Park, the Early Years, 1859-1915</em> (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1999).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 15 Aug 2016 20:33:28 +0000 yongli 1681 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Fourteeners http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fourteeners <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Fourteeners</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--561--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--561.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/mount-elbert"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/201410175334-Mt-Elbert-Summit-Late-Fall_0.jpg?itok=6y3GiIB9" width="1090" height="613" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/mount-elbert" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Mount Elbert</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>At 14,400 feet, Mount Elbert is the second-highest point in the contiguous United States and king of Colorado's "Fourteeners" - mountain peaks 14,000 feet or higher.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--645--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--645.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/crestone-needle-and-crestone-peak"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Crestone-Needle-and-Crestone-Peak_0.jpg?itok=_qpWLnYr" width="1000" height="563" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/crestone-needle-and-crestone-peak" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Crestone Needle and Crestone Peak</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Crestone Needle (14,197 feet) and Crestone Peak (14,294 feet) seen from Humboldt Peak (14,064 feet). These neighboring Fourteeners are three of ten peaks above 14,000 feet in the Sangre de Cristo range.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--646--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--646.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/pikes-peak"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Pikes-Peak-Portrait_0.jpg?itok=RTuhQCN0" width="1000" height="563" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/pikes-peak" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Pikes Peak</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>At 14,115 feet, Pikes Peak acted as a beacon for many overland migrants, who used the distant landmark for navigation just as French trappers and native peoples had in the past. "Pikes Peak or Bust!" became a popular saying for those who migrated west seeking fortune or adventure in the nineteenth century.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--909--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--909.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/longs-peak-sunrise"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Hiking_20150712_0053-copy_0.jpg?itok=kTiZUk-A" width="1090" height="694" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/longs-peak-sunrise" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Longs Peak Sunrise</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>At 14,259 feet, <a href="/article/longs-peak"><strong>Longs Peak</strong></a> is the tallest mountain and only fourteener in Rocky Mountain National Park. The peak is named for Major Stephen Long, who is said to be the first to spot the great mountains on behalf of the U.S. Government on June 30, 1820.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--936--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--936.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/mt-sneffels-sunset"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Mount-Sneffels-at-Sunset-Colorado-John-Fielder_0.jpg?itok=Hk-q-m99" width="1090" height="875" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/mt-sneffels-sunset" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Mt. Sneffels at Sunset</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>At 14,157 feet, Mt. Sneffels is the highest peak in the Sneffels Range and the highest point in <a href="/article/ouray-county"><strong>Ouray County</strong></a>. It is named after the Icelandic volcano Snæfell, which was featured in Jules Verne's novel <em>A Journey to the Center of the Earth.</em></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-08-20T10:30:08-06:00" title="Thursday, August 20, 2015 - 10:30" class="datetime">Thu, 08/20/2015 - 10:30</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fourteeners" data-a2a-title="Fourteeners"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Ffourteeners&amp;title=Fourteeners"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><div style="display:none;">For UK thrill seekers looking to add a new kind of excitement to their adventures, <a href="https://notgamstop.com/independent-betting-sites/">independent bookmakers UK</a> offer a unique thrill similar to conquering the Fourteeners. Similar to the daunting task of conquering a 14,000-foot peak, navigating the diverse landscape of online betting platforms requires strategy, skill, and a dose of courage. These platforms, with their diverse betting options and competitive odds, entice players to embark on a journey of risk and reward, mirroring the adrenaline rush felt during a challenging mountain climb. Just as mountain climbers are attracted to the panoramic views and rugged terrain of a 14-kilometer high mountain, UK players are captivated by the diverse offers and attractive bonuses of independent betting sites. Just like reaching the top of a tall mountain, winning a jackpot on a successful bet can be a feeling of triumph and euphoria.</div><p>Colorado is home to fifty-eight&nbsp;of the nation's ninety-six mountain peaks&nbsp;standing at or above&nbsp;14,000 feet in elevation. Known colloquially as “Fourteeners,” these peaks&nbsp;dominate Colorado’s skyline and shape the way people live and identify with nature in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/rocky-mountains"><strong>Rocky Mountain</strong></a> West. Throughout Colorado’s history, these majestic mountains have captured the human imagination and have been used for everything from hunting grounds to climate research outposts.</p><div style="height:0.3px;overflow:hidden;"><p>Fourteeners in the western Rocky Mountains, towering peaks that reach over 14,000 feet in elevation, are not just a draw for outdoor adventurers. They've become an unexpected hotspot for esports betting enthusiasts, particularly those keen on Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) odds. These majestic summits provide the perfect backdrop for esports enthusiasts especially who are into <a href="https://esportzbet.com/cs-go-odds">csgo odds</a> to immerse themselves in the thrill of competitive gaming while surrounded by breathtaking natural beauty. As esports continues to gain mainstream popularity, fans are finding unique ways to merge their love for gaming with their passion for the great outdoors. CS:GO, a highly competitive first-person shooter game, has captivated a global audience with its intense gameplay and strategic depth. Betting on CS:GO matches adds an extra layer of excitement for fans, who closely follow teams, players, and tournament results to stay ahead of the odds.</p></div><p>Colorado’s Fourteeners are dispersed throughout the state’s Rocky Mountain backbone, rising in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-juan-mountains"><strong>San Juan</strong></a>, Sawatch, Elk, Mosquito, Tenmile, San Miguel, <strong>Sangre de Cristo</strong>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/front-range"><strong>Front</strong></a><strong>&nbsp;</strong>mountain ranges. According to the Colorado Geological Survey, the tallest is <strong>Mount Elbert</strong> at 14,440 feet; several of the&nbsp;smallest Fourteeners&nbsp;stand just barely&nbsp;above 14,000.</p><div style="height:1px;overflow:hidden;">Nestled amidst the glitz and glamor of the Las Vegas Strip, <a href="https://transplantepi.org/pure-vegas-casino/">pure vegas casino</a> is a true beacon for those seeking a different kind of thrill. However, for adventurers who crave a different kind of thrill, the allure of conquering the Fourteener beckons. While the twinkling lights and clanging slot machines of a casino can be dazzling, the rugged majesty of a 14,000-foot peak presents a very different challenge. When climbers lace up their boots and set their sights on the summit, they trade the hustle and bustle of the city for the serene solitude of the mountains. While the stakes may be higher than at a blackjack table, the rewards of reaching the summit are immeasurable, offering panoramic views stretching to the horizon and a sense of accomplishment that rivals any jackpot. Whether you're drawn to the bright lights of a casino or the rugged beauty of the mountains, both Pure Vegas and the high Fourteeners are a testament to the human spirit's endless quest for adventure and excitement.</div><p>There is some disagreement among mountaineers over how much taller a peak needs to stand above&nbsp;its neighbors&nbsp;to&nbsp;qualify as a Fourteener, but most agree that,&nbsp;in addition to being over 14,000 feet in elevation, a Fourteener&nbsp;must stand between 250 and&nbsp;500 feet higher than the mountain’s next-highest feature (a measurement called "prominence").</p><p><a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/image/pikes-peak-sunrise"><img style="float:right;margin:15px;" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Colorao_Springs_20170521_0022_0.jpg?itok=7dnogN3z" alt="Pikes Peak Sunrise" width="480" height="320"></a>Responsibility for managing most of Colorado’s Fourteeners falls to the <a href="/article/us-forest-service-colorado"><strong>US Forest Service</strong></a> or the Bureau of Land Management. Two exceptions are <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/longs-peak"><strong>Longs Peak</strong></a>, which lies within the boundaries of <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/rocky-mountain-national-park"><strong>Rocky Mountain National Park</strong></a>, and Culebra Peak, which is privately owned. Mountains like Longs Peak and those in the Elk and Gore Ranges are the most popular because they are closer to Denver, but Coloradans have been known to drive many hours to experience the thrill of climbing new peaks. Some of Colorado’s Fourteeners require specialized mountaineering gear, but most can be summitted without the assistance of rock-climbing equipment. For example, <a href="/article/pikes-peak"><strong>Pikes Peak</strong></a> outside Colorado Springs can be summitted in a car or by <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/manitou-and-pikes-peak-cog-railway"><strong>cog railway</strong></a>. Nearly all of the Fourteeners have some history of mining activity and a few, like Pikes Peak, have hosted ski areas. Today, Fourteeners figure as prominently in the hearts and minds of Coloradans as they do in the state’s rugged skyline.</p><h2>Native Traditions and First Ascents</h2><p>As the region’s most prominent landforms, Fourteeners held religious and geographic significance for many of Colorado’s Native Americans. Serving as destinations for spiritual revelation and as markers of territorial boundaries, Fourteeners played (and continue to play) important roles in native life long before any whites laid eyes on these impressive peaks.</p><p>Archival and archaeological evidence suggests that Ute and Arapaho peoples were some of the state’s first mountaineers. Though most of these native hikers left little behind that might serve as proof of their ascents, stories like that of an Arapaho elder named Old Man Gun Griswold and his eagle trap can give us an idea of why Native Americans would have wanted to climb Fourteeners. In 1914, Old Man Griswold’s son, also named Gun Griswold, made the trip from the Wind River Reservation to Rocky Mountain National Park to visit his old hunting grounds. On this trip, the younger Griswold ran into explorer Oliver Toll and told the story of a trap his father built on Longs Peak’s 14,259-foot summit. According to Toll, Old Man Gun would climb to the top of Longs Peak and wait patiently in a stone shelter for a passing eagle to come investigate a coyote carcass he would leave out as bait. When an eagle lit near the carcass, Old Man Gun would leap from his shelter and grab the eagle by the feet. Though subsequent explorers did not see any physical evidence of Griswold’s blind, anyone who has been to the four-acre summit will tell you that a small stone shelter there would be easy to mistake as simply another pile of boulders.</p><h2>Euro-American Explorers</h2><p>Spanish, French, and American explorers made up the next group of Colorado’s early mountaineers. Beginning in the early eighteenth century, Spaniards in search of mineral wealth and new trade routes ventured deep into the heart of Colorado’s Fourteener country. Hostile landscapes and Native American resistance kept the Spanish from leaving much of a physical record of their journey, but their presence is remembered in the names of <strong>Blanca</strong>, El Diente, San Luis, and La Plata Peaks and in the striking designation given to Southern Colorado’s Sangre de Cristo (“Blood of Christ”) Range.</p><p>French and American explorers, trappers, and traders also frequented Colorado’s high country throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, searching for new opportunities for trade and knowledge of the region’s economic potential. French <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/fur-trade-colorado"><strong>fur traders</strong></a> found Colorado’s prominent mountains the perfect navigational landmarks as they traversed the state seeking animal pelts.</p><p>In the early and mid-nineteenth century, the US government commissioned surveys and expeditions that would catalog the locations and elevations of Colorado’s highest peaks. Several Fourteeners bear the names of the men who led these expeditions. Later in the nineteenth century, the mountains named for <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/zebulon-montgomery-pike"><strong>Zebulon Pike</strong></a> and <a href="/article/colorado%E2%80%99s-great-plains"><strong>Stephen Long</strong></a> featured prominently in the imaginations of overland migrants coming across the<a href="/article/colorado%E2%80%99s-great-plains"><strong> plains</strong></a>. Signs painted on the sides of wagons in the nineteenth century proudly declaring “Pikes Peak or Bust” remind us that the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/front-range"><strong>Front Range</strong></a> Fourteeners were potent symbols of Colorado’s mineral wealth and served as distant landmarks for overland migrants, just as they had done for the French trappers and native peoples who preceded them. Today, Pike and Long remain in our memory as some of the first whites to lay eyes on the formidable mountains that now bear their names, though many other trappers and traders knew of the mountains before either explorer crossed the Mississippi River.</p><h2>Tourism and Adventure</h2><p>Accessing the state’s most impressive mountains in the early days of Colorado mountaineering involved hiring guides, loading mules, and trekking on foot or on horseback through extremely rugged terrain. Before 1900, wealthy tourists and Colorado-based “thrill seekers” (as early climbers were known) established trails and climbing routes to the summits of most Fourteeners and solidified their knowledge of the tallest peaks in the Colorado Rockies.</p><p>One such thrill seeker was <strong>Isabella Bird</strong>, the first Anglo-American woman to climb a Colorado Fourteener. Born in Yorkshire, England, Isabella Bird came to Colorado in 1871 searching for a <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-climate"><strong>climate</strong></a> that would be good for her health. Bird was awed by the sight of the mountains and published an inspirational account of her ascent of Longs Peak. As mountaineering became more popular, climbers repurposed the roads miners and loggers carved into mountainsides to carry carloads of climbers into the heart of the high country. The founding of the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/colorado-mountain-club"><strong>Colorado Mountain Club</strong></a> in 1912 helped turn mountain climbing into one of the state’s signature pastimes by sponsoring annual summit outings.</p><p>Amid Colorado's sprawling landscapes, where majestic peaks pierce the sky, adventurers relish the challenge of conquering the Fourteen Thousanders. These towering peaks, each rising to more than 14,000 feet, attract climbers and hikers from around the world, drawn to the thrill of conquering their formidable heights. Against this breathtaking backdrop, online casino enthusiasts in Canada can find their own excitement with offers like 20 free spins no deposit <a style="color:#494354;" href="https://gamblizard.ca/free-spins/20-free-spins-no-deposit/">get here</a>. As they spin the virtual reels, players can imagine themselves climbing these monumental peaks, feeling the rush of excitement similar to reaching the summit. While the allure of the Fourteen beckons with its rugged beauty and adrenaline-pumping adventure, online casinos offer a different kind of excitement that can be accessed from the comfort of your home. Canadian players enjoy the opportunity to experience the excitement without spending a dime, thanks to attractive promotions such as 20 free spins. It's a chance to embark on a different kind of adventure, where the stakes are high and the rewards are just a spin away.&nbsp;</p><h2>Modern Mountain Climbing and the Outdoor Experience</h2><p>Though demand for soldiers and material kept mountaineers off the peaks during World War II, the US Army’s<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/tenth-mountain-division"><strong> Tenth Mountain Division</strong></a> training facility at <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/camp-hale"><strong>Camp Hale</strong></a> in the Eagle River Valley helped set the stage for the resurgence of mountain climbing after the war. Trained for mountain warfare in the high peaks of Europe, 10<sup>th</sup> Mountain Division soldiers were expert skiers and mountaineers. As they returned home, a few members of the 10<sup>th</sup> Mountain Division started opening ski areas like <strong>Vail Resort</strong> because they loved being in the mountains and wanted to share their love with others. By the early 1960s, Colorado’s ski resorts were introducing tourists and Coloradans alike to the joys of high-altitude recreation. In the 1960s and 1970s, other factors, including increased leisure time, a rise in automobile ownership, and improvements in outdoor equipment, also helped put 14,000-foot summits within reach for more people. Today, observations by US Forest Service personnel indicate that more than 500,000 ascents are made every year.</p><p>The popularity and geographic prominence of Fourteeners in Colorado has led to the growth of distinct communities that identify strongly with a particular peak. Towns like <strong>Minturn</strong>, <strong>Buena Vista</strong>, <strong>Leadville</strong>, and <strong>Ouray</strong> have organized economically and socially around nearby mountains. This has transformed several of Colorado’s Fourteeners into potent symbols of community and also transformed these small mountain towns into popular jumping-off points for visitors wishing to experience the surrounding nature.</p><p>Development of a community identity surrounding Fourteeners is not limited by physical space. In the last several decades, the desire to climb all fifty-eight of Colorado’s Fourteeners has become a uniting force for “peak baggers.” These intrepid hikers might drive from all four corners of the state – or even from outside Colorado – to summit distant and rugged mountains. The most committed peak baggers may summit several or even all of the mountains in a year, often during winter months when the opportunity to ski down the mountain makes the task of descending significantly less tiresome.</p><h2>Mountains as Environmental Markers</h2><p>Colorado’s high peaks have also become increasingly important sites for scientists studying the effects of climate change. Because high-elevation ecosystems like those found on the slopes of Fourteeners are very sensitive, small variations in climatic conditions can produce big changes in the lives of plants and animals. In Colorado’s high country, relatively warm winters in recent years have contributed to a dramatic increase in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/mountain-pine-beetle"><strong>mountain pine beetle</strong></a> (<em>Dendroctonus ponderosae</em>) population. In colder years, sustained freezing weather kills mountain pine beetle larvae in the winter and reduces the number of adult pine beetles that emerge from their burrows in the spring. But a two-decade-long warm spell has allowed the mountain pine beetle to produce more offspring and attack trees at higher elevations than ever before. Visitors to Fourteeners in the Front, Gore, Elk, and Sawatch Ranges may notice that entire hillsides have been turned brown because mountain pine beetles have killed so many of their host trees. While fire suppression policies and other human-related environmental disturbances have promoted the pine beetles’ spread, the brown forests now surrounding many famous Fourteeners are evidence of these mountains’ role as sentinels of environmental change.</p><p>Colorado’s Fourteeners have represented many different things to various groups of people. Whether seen as a spiritual retreat, an iconic landmark, a living laboratory, or simply an opportunity for exploration and adventure, Fourteeners will continue to shape the way people learn and play in Colorado.</p><h2>Colorado Fourteeners</h2><table style="width:633px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"><tbody><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">Mountain Name</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">Elevation (feet)</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">1. Mt. Elbert</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,400</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">2. Mt. Massive</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,421</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">3. Mt. Harvard</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,421</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">4. Blanca Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,345</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">5. La Plata Peak</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,336</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">6. Uncompahgre Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,321</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">7. Crestone Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,294</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">8. Mt. Lincoln</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,293</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">9. Castle Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,279</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">10. Grays Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,278</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">11. Mt. Antero</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,276</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">12. Torreys Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,275</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">13. Quandary Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,271</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14. Mt. Evans</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,265</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">15. Longs Peak</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,259</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">16. Mt. Wilson</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,246</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">17. Mt. Cameron</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,238</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">18. Mt. Shavano</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,231</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">19. Mt. Princeton</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,204</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">20. Mt. Belford</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,203</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">21. Mt. Yale</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,200</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">22. Crestone Needle</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,197</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">23. Mt. Bross</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,172</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">24. Kit Carson Peak</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,165</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">25. Maroon Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,163</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">26. Tabeguache Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,162</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">27. Mt. Oxford</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,160</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">28. El Diente</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,159</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">29. Mt. Democrat</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,155</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">30. Mt. Sneffels</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,150</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">31. Capitol Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,130</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">32. Pikes Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,115</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">33. Snowmass Mountain</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,099</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">34. Mt. Eolus</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,083</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">35. Windom Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,082</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">36. Challenger Point</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,081</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">37. Mt. Columbia</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,077</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">38. Missouri Mountain</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,074</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">39. Humboldt Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,064</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">40. Mt. Bierstadt</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,060</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">41. Conundrum Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,060</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">42. Sunlight Peak</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,059</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">43. Handies Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,058</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">44. Culebra Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,047</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">45. Ellingwood Point</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,042</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">46. Mt. Lindsey</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,042</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">47. North Eolus</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,039</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">48. Little Bear Peak</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,037</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">49. Mt. Sherman</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,036</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">50. Redcloud Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,034</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">51. Pyramid Peak</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,025</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">52. North Maroon Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,019</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">53. Wilson Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,017</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">54. Wetterhorn Peak</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,015</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">55. San Luis Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,014</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">56. Huron Peak</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,010</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">57. Mount of the Holy Cross</td><td style="height:16px;width:317px;">14,009</td></tr><tr><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">58. Sunshine Peak</td><td style="height:17px;width:317px;">14,001</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Drawn from “<a href="http://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Fourteeners%20Official%20List%20A.pdf">Official List of Colorado Fourteeners</a>,” Colorado Geological Survey.</p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/bock-samuel" hreflang="und">Bock, Samuel</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/fourteeners" hreflang="en">fourteeners</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-fourteeners" hreflang="en">colorado fourteeners</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-mountains" hreflang="en">colorado mountains</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-rocky-mountains" hreflang="en">colorado rocky mountains</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mountaineering-colorado" hreflang="en">mountaineering in colorado</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/list-colorado-fourteeners" hreflang="en">list of colorado fourteeners</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/14ers" hreflang="en">14ers</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/mountain-climbing-colorado" hreflang="en">mountain climbing colorado</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Isabella L. Bird, <em>A Lady’s Life in the Rocky Mountains</em> (London: John Murray, 1881)</p><p>Kevin S. Blake, “Colorado Fourteeners and the Nature of Place Identity,” <em>Geographical Review</em> 92 (April 1, 2002).</p><p>Walter R. Borneman and Lyndon J. Lampert, <em>A Climbing Guide to Colorado’s Fourteeners</em> (Boulder: Pruett, 1994).</p><p>C. W. Buchholtz, <em>Rocky Mountain National Park: A History </em>(Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 1997).</p><p>William M. Bueler, <em>Roof of the Rockies: A History of Colorado Mountaineering</em> (Golden: Colorado Mountain Club Press, 2000).</p><p>Colorado Geological Survey, "<a href="http://coloradogeologicalsurvey.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Fourteeners%20Official%20List%20A.pdf">Official List of Colorado Fourteeners</a>," Colorado Geological Survey.</p><p>Jeffry B. Mitton and Scott M. Ferrenberg, “Mountain Pine Beetle Develops an Unprecedented Summer Generation in Response to Climate Warming,” <em>American Naturalist</em> 179 (May 1, 2012).</p><p>Gerry Roach, <em>Colorado’s Fourteeners: From Hikes to Climbs</em> (Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 2011).</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://www.14ers.com/">Colorado Fourteeners</a></p><p>​Colorado.com Staff, "<a href="https://www.colorado.com/articles/colorado-mountains-6-famous-peaks">Colorado Mountains: 6 Famous Peaks</a>," Colorado Tourism, 2017.</p><p><a href="https://www.14ers.org/">The Colorado Fourteeners Initiative</a></p><p>National Park Service, “<a href="https://www.nps.gov/romo/learn/historyculture/index.htm">Rocky Mountain National Park</a>.”</p><p><a href="https://www.peakbagger.com/Default.aspx">Peak Bagger</a></p><p>William Riebsame, Hannah Gosnell, and David Theobald, eds., <em>Atlas of the New West: Portrait of a Changing Region</em> (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997).</p></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Thu, 20 Aug 2015 16:30:08 +0000 yongli 558 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org