%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Agricultural Extension Service http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/agricultural-extension-service <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Agricultural Extension Service</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--593--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--593.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/colorado-state-university"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/campus-rec-west_0_0.jpg?itok=sZvxaBz9" width="634" height="319" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/colorado-state-university" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Colorado State University</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Originally named Colorado Agricultural College, Colorado State University was established under the Morrill Act of 1862, which granted land for the establishment of agricultural colleges throughout the country. CSU's Agricultural Extension Service is a legacy of the university's land-grant heritage and has played a major role in agricultural development in Colorado.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2025--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2025.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/dust-bowl"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/CSU%20Agricultural%20Media%202_0.jpg?itok=SHyt7mgh" width="559" height="400" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/dust-bowl" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Dust Bowl</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>During crises such as the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, Colorado Agricultural Extension helped Colorado farmers by overseeing the local implementation of federal relief programs.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-08-21T13:57:49-06:00" title="Friday, August 21, 2015 - 13:57" class="datetime">Fri, 08/21/2015 - 13:57</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/agricultural-extension-service" data-a2a-title="Agricultural Extension Service"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fagricultural-extension-service&amp;title=Agricultural%20Extension%20Service"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>The agricultural extension service in Colorado (1887–present) links individuals, organizations, and communities with research experts to address agrarian issues. These issues encompass rural problems associated with farming and ranching, as well as urban topics such as cooperative gardens and residential gardening.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In Colorado, commercial agriculture first developed on the eastern <a href="/article/colorado%E2%80%99s-great-plains"><strong>plains</strong></a>, and the region served as a major focus for extension work, especially during the extension service’s early years. The service also helped agriculturalists develop solutions in the <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/western-slope"><strong>Western Slope</strong></a> and Rocky Mountain areas, where it worked to overcome short growing seasons, uneven terrain, and limited moisture. Stock raising was emphasized in these areas, although <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/irrigation-colorado"><strong>irrigation</strong></a> also allows fruit orchards to thrive.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Purpose</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>CSU Extension helps citizens identify and solve local agricultural problems by distributing the best current research and practices. Land-grant university researchers interact with local agriculturalists through extension agents, who use on-site demonstrations and publications to both gather and communicate solutions. Although CSU Extension initially emphasized crop and livestock production issues, it expanded to include a broader range of concerns, such as energy conservation, consumer education, and financial management.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Origins</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Prior to the 1860s, farmers in Colorado met mining and urban food needs on their own. In 1863, leaders from the Denver area organized the first state agricultural society. Rather than educate, this group coordinated events at which farmers could market their products. The state’s first agricultural fair debuted three years later.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Access to academic expertise remained a rarity for US farmers until the Morrill Act of 1862 provided for American land-grant colleges. These institutions enabled more Americans to go to college and focused academic research on practical issues facing citizens.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Early forms of agricultural outreach began with the 1870 founding of the state’s land-grant college, Colorado Agricultural College (renamed several times, now Colorado State University [CSU]). After its opening, the college organized farmers’ institutes – scheduled instructional events for local agriculturalists directed by academics. These institutes served as forerunners to agricultural extension. After this, all community agricultural outreach was coordinated from CSU. The formal beginning of extension emerged with the Hatch Act of 1887, which reflected a national desire to apply the scientific method to agriculture. To move beyond academic knowledge, the federal act created experiment stations within states that had land-grant colleges.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>However, agricultural extension remained separated across states, with no national coordination until the early twentieth century. The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 brought the federal government into partnership with states and counties, bringing additional funding and enacting the US cooperative extension system.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Organizational History</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>During the early twentieth century, the extension service emphasized soils, crops, and animals. Other aspects included home economics and children’s education. Extension agents conducted group and individual demonstrations across subjects, from planting seeds and plowing soils to animal husbandry and disease prevention. The semiarid climate of the eastern plains, the state’s main agricultural production zone, preoccupied agents. Salinity and seepage, wind-blown furrows, pests, weeds, and dust storms also confounded plains farmers, and they turned to agents for help.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Role in Crises</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>During <a href="/article/colorado-world-war-i"><strong>World War I</strong></a>, CSU Extension, along with its national counterparts, worked to boost local agricultural output. The war brought more money to employ agents and scientists working toward the extension’s goals of production expansion and commodity conservation. The new philosophy and practice targeted inefficiencies and waste, resulting in dramatic increases in crop and livestock yields. To achieve these results, extension agents encouraged greater control of insect and rodent pests, as well as better nutrition through proper diet and storage of canned foods, and they coordinated with the national and local bureaucracy to market crop surpluses and farm laborers.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After World War I, the extension service served as a vital resource during agricultural downturns. The postwar influenza outbreak saw agents converting spaces into temporary soup kitchens, while during the Great Depression (1929–39) and <a href="/article/dust-bowl"><strong>Dust Bowl</strong> </a>(1930s) crises, CSU Extension disseminated information about federal programs and coordinated implementation. World War II revived extension’s service as an arm of federal policy, particularly in the area of labor. During this conflict it collaborated with the federal government to determine which men should serve on farms and which on the battlefield.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Changes</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The end of the twentieth century saw a tempering of the service’s bureaucratic approach, with an emphasis on intra-regional dialogue and public service. Most extension agents now work with small-acreage landowners or new farmers rather than large producers.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In recent years, CSU Extension has embraced urban agriculture, hiring its first coordinator in 2011. Urban-oriented extension emphasizes food policy and process – retail, distribution, and waste management – rather than merely production. This version of extension helps urban entrepreneurs navigate the pitfalls of turning residential backyards and vacant lots into for-profit gardens by assisting them not only with growing but also with food safety guidelines and marketing recommendations. This urban face of extension recognizes that unlike rural agriculturalists, city growers encounter unique regulatory constraints on production that include noise pollution, smells, and small-animal waste disposal.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Structure</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Extension is directly administered at the county level. As an institution it is funded through participating counties, the state legislature, and the US Department of Agriculture. Most, but not all, counties participate in the agricultural extension system. Each county that participates in the extension service has at least one representative (although the agent may serve multiple counties). This agent serves as a liaison, relaying local needs to the broader institution.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Challenges – Past and Present</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Prior to 1930, many farmers resisted extension work. Certain established farming communities remained skeptical of the service’s academic approach and expertise. In addition, many counties were unwilling to pay for it.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Today, CSU Extension seeks to balance both rural and urban interests and to weigh promoting expertise with listening to local needs. This reflects recent actions by a principal source of its financial support – the Colorado General Assembly – which has often remained in the hands of legislators who have little understanding of agricultural extension’s legacy in the state. During the agricultural downturn in the early 1980s, many new urban legislators from populous Denver metro areas questioned funding for extension, considering it merely a rural agency. In turn, many lawmakers from rural counties opposed new urban programs. By the end of the decade, a pruned extension service had revamped its sectional focus to address interdependence between rural and urban regions and to emphasize listening to diverse Colorado constituents.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>During the course of the twentieth century, the extension service shifted from a top-down approach, with knowledge circulated by college experts, to a more collaborative model in which the service responds to local needs. It has also adapted to serve smaller agriculturalists over large producers. Agriculture extension continues today under the sponsorship of CSU, headquartered at its flagship campus in Fort Collins.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/scherer-joel" hreflang="und">Scherer, Joel</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/agricultural-extension" hreflang="en">agricultural extension</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/csu-agricultural-extension" hreflang="en">csu agricultural extension</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/extension-service-colorado" hreflang="en">extension service in colorado</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-agricultural-extension" hreflang="en">colorado agricultural extension</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/agriculture" hreflang="en">agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/joel-scherer" hreflang="en">joel scherer</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Carl Abbott, Stephen J. Leonard, and Thomas J. Noel, <em>Colorado: A History of the Centennial State</em>, 5<sup>th</sup> ed. (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2013).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Association of Public and Land Grant Universities, “National System, Local Connection,” <em>Cooperative Extension: Translate, Engage, Transform</em>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado Cooperative Extension, “<a href="https://www.extension100years.net/">About Smith-Lever Act</a>,” <em>Colorado Cooperative Extension: Celebrating 100 Years</em>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado Public Radio, “<a href="https://www.cpr.org/news/story/extending-extension-city-farmers">Extending Extension to City Farmers</a>."</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado Public Radio, “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmtNELXxm4I">100 Years of Extension in Colorado,</a>” interview.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado State University, “<a href="https://lib.colostate.edu/research/agbib/project-background.html">Background on Colorado Agriculture</a>,” <em>Colorado Agricultural Bibliography</em>, Colorado State University Libraries.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado State University, “<a href="https://mountainscholar.orghandle/10217/100022">History of Colorado Cooperative Extension</a>,” Colorado State University Libraries.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>James E. Hansen II, <em>Beyond the Ivory Tower: A History of Colorado State University Cooperative Extension</em> (Fort Collins: Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, 1991).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>James E. Hansen II, <em>Democracy’s University: A History of Colorado State University, 1970–2003</em> (Fort Collins: Colorado State University, 2007).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Roud McCann, <em>Agricultural Extension in Colorado: A Record in Word and Picture</em> (Fort Collins: Colorado A&amp;M College, 1924).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>David Morrison, “<a href="https://www.lsuagcenter.com/en/communications/publications/agmag/archive/2012/spring/history-of-the-hatch-act-of-1887.htm">History of the Hatch Act, 1887</a>,” <em>Louisiana Agricultural Magazine</em> (Spring 2012).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>National Institute of Food and Agriculture, “Extension: About Us,” United States Department of Agriculture.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Carol O’Meara, “CSU Extension Celebrates 100 Years,” <em>Colorado Gardener</em> (Summer 2012).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Joel Scherer, “The Great American Garden: Farming Myth, Food Production, and Sustainability on the Western Prairie, 1880–1946” (seminar paper, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 2013).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“Smith-Lever Act,” United States Department of Agriculture.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://extension.colostate.edu/">Colorado State University Agricultural Extension</a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>J. H. McClelland and Blanche E. Hyde. <em>History of the Extension Service of Colorado State College</em> (Fort Collins: Extension Service, Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 1941).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>“100 Years of Extension in Colorado: An Interview with Bruce Bosley, CSU Extension Agent for Logan and Morgan Counties, Cropping Systems and Natural Resources,” Colorado Public Radio, YouTube Website</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 21 Aug 2015 19:57:49 +0000 yongli 592 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org