%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Black Canyon of the Gunnison http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/black-canyon-gunnison <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Black Canyon of the Gunnison</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2017-02-03T13:31:54-07:00" title="Friday, February 3, 2017 - 13:31" class="datetime">Fri, 02/03/2017 - 13:31</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/black-canyon-gunnison" data-a2a-title="Black Canyon of the Gunnison"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fblack-canyon-gunnison&amp;title=Black%20Canyon%20of%20the%20Gunnison"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Two thousand feet deep, forty-eight miles long, and two million years old, western Colorado’s Black Canyon of the Gunnison is one of the most stunning geologic features in the American West. The fourteen miles along the <a href="/article/gunnison-river"><strong>Gunnison River</strong></a> have been protected as a national park since 1999, drawing more than a quarter million visitors per year.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Scenery</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park comprises fourteen of the steepest and narrowest miles of the forty-eight-mile-long canyon in southwest Colorado. Protected for the unusual and aged rock, the strength of the Gunnison River, and the opportunities to view wild country, the canyon inspires us to marvel at the power of natural forces in our world.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>For many, just seeing Black Canyon of the Gunnison is a shock. There is little that can prepare us for our first visit to the canyon, and its vertical truth jolts us out of our normal range of understanding. Here the cliffs are extremely sheer, plunging a startling 2,000 feet to the Gunnison River below. Here plants and animals have adjusted to a perpendicular reality. Here people have plumbed the depths of the Earth to test themselves within the wilderness.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Geology</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Black Canyon has an old story to tell. The exposed metamorphic rock, changed by heat and pressure when deep in the earth, is among the oldest in North America; the enduring schist and gneiss was formed shortly before it helped form early North America. Through plate tectonics, the rock moved and joined with another plate to form the foundation of the continent.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Deep in the earth, magma intruded into the rock. These granites add dimension and color to the Black Canyon’s crags. Most notable are the stripes of pink pegmatite. They squiggle and twist on the faces of the cliffs. The Painted Wall, the highest cliff in Colorado, displays a range of geometric shapes.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Gunnison River drains the many high peaks surrounding the river’s basin, including the Elk, Sawatch, and <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/san-juan-mountains"><strong>San Juan Mountains</strong></a>. These mountains gather <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/snow"><strong>snow</strong></a> through the winter before spring sun arrives, melting the snow with great urgency.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Like a crowded freeway that bottlenecks to a few lanes, the snowmelt floods into creeks, rivulets, streams, and side rivers before finally reaching the Gunnison. These seasonal floods give the river immense carving power. Year after year, century after century, the river grinds the grit and gravel that it carries at flood stage against its rocky bed.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>The Gunnison River thunders down the canyon with more than 2.7 million horsepower. Vehicle strength does not rate in comparison; jetliner engines move with some 110,000 horsepower. The roar of the river provides an auditory hint of that might. The waters of the Gunnison have sliced down through this aged rock faster than the forces of freezing and thawing water have been able to chisel away at the sides of the canyon.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>We glimpse the natural wonder of the Black Canyon two million years after such carving began. Even as we measure it in minutes, hours, or days, time stands still here. Though the canyon has been wearing away for a very long time, the rock itself holds an antiquity beyond our measure; the schist and gneiss are nearly two billion years old.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Ecology</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>It is difficult to wrap our minds around such a large number. It might be easier to start with the “ancient” <strong>piñon and juniper</strong> trees at the western end of the park. <a href="/article/tree-ring-dating-0"><strong>Tree-ring dating</strong></a> suggests some have reached 700 to 800 years old, comprising some of the oldest groves of their species.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>These and the other species of plants provide some of the noticeable rhythm of life along the canyon’s rim. This vibe includes the patterns of migratory birds such as the <strong>peregrine falcon</strong>, violet-green swallows, and turkey vultures. <strong>Black bears</strong>,<a href="/article/mule-deer"><strong> mule deer</strong></a>, <strong>bobcats</strong>, and <a href="/article/bighorn-sheep"><strong>bighorn sheep</strong></a> also call the canyon home.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>While we typically look for these larger animals, smaller creatures add an important dynamic to this vertical world. From otters and mink in the river to smooth green snakes and bullsnakes on the slopes, to the dusky grouse and yellow-bellied <strong>marmots</strong> on the rim, the spectrum of life is rich in this wilderness of water, stone, and sky.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Human Presence</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Although prehistoric people made use of the canyon for thousands of years, it appears that the <strong>Ute</strong><strong> Indians</strong> were among the earliest to call it home. They primarily frequented the canyon’s rim, hunting game and gathering plants. After 1800, explorers occasionally made their way into or around the canyon seeking animal pelts, precious metals, transportation routes, and water. <a href="/article/john-w-gunnison"><strong>John W. Gunnison</strong></a>, for whom the river is named, explored the canyon in 1853 while searching for a railroad route across the Central Rockies. His was the first written description of the canyon, which he called “the roughest, most hilly and most cut up” land he had ever seen.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the early part of the twentieth century, people were coming to fish and float the Gunnison for fun. It was not until the late 1920s, though, that local townspeople conceived the idea of building a road to the rim of the canyon. Completed in 1930, the road made the canyon both accessible and vulnerable to human exploitation. Local leaders began an effort to protect the area from development, and a small portion was set aside as a <strong>national monument</strong> in 1933.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Original plans to provide visitor services in the monument seemed grand at the time. The country passed through the trials of the <strong>Great Depression</strong> and World War II, after which Americans desired rapid development of natural recreation areas. New voices arose to speak for wild country as well.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Wilderness</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>After World War II, wilderness seemed to be disappearing as fast as snow under the spring sunshine. Automobile tourists were looking for experiences in the untrammeled canyon. Anglers, kayakers, rock climbers, and hikers saw the Black Canyon as a means to test their abilities and endurance, experience the land with family or friends, and possibly find a spiritual connection among its towering cliffs and spires.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Their voices were heard, and in 1976 half of the monument was designated as a <strong>wilderness area</strong>. Enlarged and established as a <strong>national park</strong> in 1999, the canyon still draws visitors seeking solitude, peace, and a grander sense of place in a world that marks time in milliseconds and information in megabytes.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Among the best opportunities to feel that sense of place is to gaze at the night sky above the canyon. Designated an International Dark Sky Park in 2015, Black Canyon is notable for its celestial tapestry of constellations, planets, and nebulae.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Wilderness, around the world and beyond, holds mysteries awaiting discovery. Our experiences at Black Canyon, whether we find them during the day or night, allow us to grasp something of the never-ending essence of our Earth.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/zaenger-paul" hreflang="und">Zaenger, Paul</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/black-canyon-gunnison" hreflang="en">black canyon of the gunnison</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/black-canyon-gunnison-national-park" hreflang="en">black canyon of the gunnison national park</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/gunnison-river" hreflang="en">gunnison river</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/john-w-gunnison" hreflang="en">john w gunnison</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/national-parks-colorado" hreflang="en">national parks colorado</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Wallace R. Hansen, <em>Black Canyon of the Gunnison in Depth</em> (Tucson, AZ: Western National Parks Association, 1987).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ronald M. Lanner, <em>The Piñon Pine: A Natural and Cultural History</em> (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1981).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>National Park Service, “Black Canyon—Explorers: 1853-Gunnison Expedition,” n.d.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Thomas Prather, <em>Geology of the Gunnison Country</em> (Gunnison, CO: B &amp; B Printers, 1982).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Mark T. Warner, <em>Through the Black Canyon</em> (Sheridan, MI: Braun-Brumfield, 1972).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://carhart.wilderness.net/">Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://www.nps.gov/blca/index.htm">Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://darksky.org/">International Dark-Sky Association</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://www.usgs.gov/science/science-explorer">United States Geological Survey Science Explorer</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>Visit Montrose, "<a href="https://www.colorado.com/articles/ways-experience-majestic-black-canyon">Ways to Experience the Majestic Black Canyon</a>," Colorado Tourism, 2017.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Fri, 03 Feb 2017 20:31:54 +0000 yongli 2324 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org Gunnison County http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/gunnison-county <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gunnison County</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--911--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--911.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/wildflowers-mt-crested-butte"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Deer_Creek_Trail_2011.jpg?itok=TMD1ijb1" width="1090" height="730" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/wildflowers-mt-crested-butte" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Wildflowers by Mt Crested Butte</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>From middle of July to the first week of August is the best time to see wildflowers around Crested Butte - Wildflower Capital of Colorado. This photo was taken on Deer Creek Trail between Mt. Crested Butte and Gothic.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1120--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1120.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/gunnison-county"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/GunnisonCounty%5B1%5D_0.png?itok=tFowjVWd" width="640" height="463" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/gunnison-county" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gunnison County</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Gunnison County, named for the western explorer John W. Gunnison, was established in 1877.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1714--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1714.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/gunnison-county-google-map"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/gunnison_0.jpg?itok=2waNa3nw" width="873" height="928" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/gunnison-county-google-map" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Gunnison County on Google Map</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="widget-pane-section-facts-description"><span><span class="widget-pane-section-facts-description-text">Gunnison County is the fifth-most extensive of the 64 counties in the U.S. state of Colorado. The county seat is Gunnison.</span></span></div> <ul> <li class="widget-pane-section-facts-fact-list-item"><span class="widget-pane-section-facts-attribute"><span>Population</span><span>:</span></span> <ul class="widget-pane-section-facts-value-list"> <li class="widget-pane-section-facts-value">15,507 (2013)</li> </ul> </li> <li class="widget-pane-section-facts-fact-list-item"><span class="widget-pane-section-facts-attribute"><span>Area</span><span>:</span></span> <ul class="widget-pane-section-facts-value-list"> <li class="widget-pane-section-facts-value">3,260&nbsp;mi²</li> </ul> </li> <li class="widget-pane-section-facts-fact-list-item"><span class="widget-pane-section-facts-attribute"><span>Founded</span><span>:</span></span> <ul class="widget-pane-section-facts-value-list"> <li class="widget-pane-section-facts-value">1877</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1611--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1611.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/dillon-pinnacles"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Dillon_Pinnacles_20160723_0.jpg?itok=FKJOnRiH" width="1090" height="727" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/dillon-pinnacles" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Dillon Pinnacles </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>These pinnacles are one of many spires found within <a href="https://www.nps.gov/cure/index.htm">Curecanti National Recreation Area</a>, Colorado. Pinnacles are a product of erosion.&nbsp;</p> <p><a href="https://www.nps.gov/cure/planyourvisit/hiking.htm">Hike to Dillon Pinnacles. </a></p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1715--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1715.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/crested-butte-wildflower-capital-colorado"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Crested_Butte_20110724_0086_0.jpg?itok=NwxrgXBg" width="724" height="245" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/crested-butte-wildflower-capital-colorado" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Crested Butte - Wildflower Capital of Colorado</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The former coal mining town is now called "the last great Colorado ski town". Crested Butte is a destination for skiing, hiking, mountain biking, and a variety of other outdoor activities.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--1716--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--1716.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/columbine-blooming-west-maroon-pass-trail"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Crested_Butte_2014_Summer_0053_0.jpg?itok=pdVy7CEQ" width="550" height="814" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/columbine-blooming-west-maroon-pass-trail" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Columbine blooming on West Maroon Pass Trail</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The state flower, Columbine, blooming on the West Maroon Pass trail.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--402--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--402.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/town-marble"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/Marble_20150214_0009_1.jpg?itok=lljS17sz" width="960" height="612" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/town-marble" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Town of Marble </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Town of Marble. The photo was taken from Perry Road.<br /> &nbsp;</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-02-23T16:22:19-07:00" title="Tuesday, February 23, 2016 - 16:22" class="datetime">Tue, 02/23/2016 - 16:22</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/gunnison-county" data-a2a-title="Gunnison County"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fgunnison-county&amp;title=Gunnison%20County"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>Gunnison County, named for the American explorer <a href="/article/john-w-gunnison"><strong>John W. Gunnison</strong></a>, is a large, mountainous county in west-central Colorado. A sparsely populated county of 3,260 square miles, it includes some 1.5 million acres of national forest and wilderness lands, including the <strong>Gunnison National Forest</strong>, Collegiate Peaks Wilderness, and West Elk Wilderness. Lying west of the <a href="/article/great-divide"><strong>Continental Divide</strong></a>, Gunnison County is bordered to the north by <a href="/article/pitkin-county"><strong>Pitkin</strong></a> and <a href="/article/lake-county"><strong>Lake Counties</strong></a>, to the north and east by <a href="/article/chaffee-county"><strong>Chaffee County</strong></a>, to the south by <a href="/article/saguache-county"><strong>Saguache</strong></a> and <strong><a href="/article/hinsdale-county">Hinsdale</a> </strong>Counties, and to the west by <a href="/article/ouray-county"><strong>Ouray</strong></a>, <a href="/article/montrose-county"><strong>Montrose</strong></a>, and <strong><a href="/article/delta-county">Delta</a> </strong>Counties.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>About a third of the county’s 15,324 residents live in the county seat of <strong>Gunnison</strong>, situated along the <a href="/article/gunnison-river"><strong>Gunnison River</strong></a> in the large valley of the same name. The western end of the valley is home to the Curecanti National Recreation Area and Blue Mesa Reservoir. These and other recreation areas bring thousands of tourists to the county each year. In addition, the town of <a href="/article/crested-butte"><strong>Crested Butte</strong></a>, in the mountains north of Gunnison, is a popular skiing and winter resort destination. Formerly a coal mining town, Crested Butte reflects the broader economic shift in Gunnison County’s history from ranching and mining to tourism.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Native Americans</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>The Gunnison County area has a long history of human settlement, beginning with <strong><a href="/article/paleo-indian-period">Paleo-Indian</a></strong> and <a href="/article/archaic-period"><strong>Archaic</strong></a> period peoples in the western part of the county and continuing with the <a href="/search/google/ute"><strong>Ute</strong></a> people from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. Two distinct bands of Utes<strong> </strong>occupied present-day Gunnison County: to the north of the Gunnison River ranged the Parianuches, or “elk people,” while the Tabeguaches (later called the Uncompahgres) frequented most of the Gunnison Valley and the surrounding mountains. The Utes hunted<a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/rocky-mountain-elk"><strong> elk</strong></a>, deer, and other mountain game. They also gathered a wide assortment of roots and wild berries, including the versatile yucca root. In the summer they followed large game into the Gunnison Valley and other parts of the high country, and in the winter they camped in places like <strong>Glenwood Springs</strong>. </p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Gunnison Expedition</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Europeans did not reach the Gunnison County area until the early 1800s, when French trappers arrived. <a href="/article/william-gilpin"><strong>William Gilpin</strong></a>, who would later become Colorado’s first <a href="/article/colorado-territory"><strong>territorial </strong></a>governor, passed through the region on his way to Oregon in 1845. In 1853 Captain John W. Gunnison, a former explorer of the Salt Lake area, was asked to find a rail route to the Pacific through the Rocky Mountains. In late summer, after a brutal journey over the <a href="/article/front-range"><strong>Front Range</strong></a>, he arrived in the valley that would bear his name. Gunnison got as far as the Sevier River in western Utah, where he and all but four of his men were killed in an attack by a group of Paiute people.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Mining and County Formation</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1861 <a href="https://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/precious-metal-mining-colorado"><strong>gold</strong></a> was found along the Taylor River, but Ute attacks halted attempts to create mines during the 1860s. The <a href="/article/ute-treaty-1868"><strong>Treaty of 1868</strong></a> created the Consolidated Ute Reservation, which pushed the Utes to the western portion of what would become Gunnison County. Prospectors also found gold in other gulches around the northern part of the county as early as 1867, but mining did not seriously begin until 1872, when silver ore was found in the <strong>Elk Mountains</strong>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>After becoming enamored with the area in an 1873 expedition, Sylvester Richardson organized the first white settler colony in the Gunnison Valley in 1874. Members of Richardson’s party, which numbered fewer than twenty, found well-watered farmland along the river, and they also found coal in one of its tributaries, Ohio Creek. But the colony failed to attract more settlers until 1879, when other gold and silver discoveries in the mountains brought more people to the region. Richardson, a geologist, was also the first to note the marble deposits of the Crystal River valley. Two towns, Clarence and Marble, were established there in the early 1880s, but significant activity would not occur in the valley until the turn of the century.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Meanwhile, Colorado gained <strong>statehood</strong> in 1876, and the next year Gunnison County was established as a 12,000-square-mile partition stretching from the foot of the Continental Divide in the east to the Utah border in the west. Between 1881 and 1883, the county ceded land for the creation of Pitkin, Montrose, Delta, and <a href="/article/mesa-county"><strong>Mesa</strong></a> Counties, obtaining its current size and shape.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>By the mid-1870s, the mountains of Gunnison County were dotted with many small mining camps. Crested Butte began as a supply camp at this time and was incorporated in 1880. Coal mined in the Crested Butte area provided the energy that helped gold and silver miners blast away rock to access veins and separate the precious metals from stubborn ore. In addition, increased demand for marble and the arrival of railroads in the Crystal River valley during the late nineteenth century led to a surge in <a href="/article/marble-mill-site"><strong>marble quarrying</strong></a> around the town of Marble. In 1905 Channing F. Meek, the former president of the Colorado Coal &amp; Iron company, came to Marble and formed the Colorado Yule Marble Company. Demand for the decorative white stone surged over the next two decades, and marble from the Crystal River valley was used to build such national landmarks as the Lincoln Memorial and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>As it did elsewhere, silver mining in Gunnison County petered out by 1893 with the exhaustion of accessible ore and plummeting prices. Gold mining continued, peaking between 1908 and 1913. With the exhaustion of precious metals, Gunnison County miners shifted to coal production. By 1882 mines built by the <a href="/article/colorado-fuel-iron"><strong>Colorado Fuel &amp; Iron Company</strong></a> made the Crested Butte area the most productive coal site in the Colorado Rockies. But soon tragedy struck: in 1884 the Jokerville Mine exploded, killing fifty-nine workers. The company rode out rumors of retaliation by other miners and soon after opened Big Mine, which became one of the most productive coal mines in the state and remained in operation until 1952.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1961 the Crested Butte ski resort was established on Mt. Crested Butte, contributing to Gunnison County’s growing tourism economy and putting the ex-mining town on the path to becoming a premier winter sports destination.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Farming and Ranching</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>While Gunnison County’s mountain mines hummed during the 1880s, a number of farms and ranches were established in the valley below. Following the <a href="/article/meeker-incident"><strong>Meeker Incident</strong></a> of 1879, most of the remaining Tabeguache Utes were removed to the Uintah-Ouray Reservation in Utah, and the Gunnison Valley was opened to white agriculture. Hay and potatoes became staple crops, and cattle and sheep ranching also became profitable. By 1900 these industries had eclipsed mining as the most important activities in the county. That same year, the economic transition was marked by the inaugural celebration of Cattlemen’s Days. It has become an annual event that celebrates the county’s agricultural history and hosts one of the most popular rodeos in the nation.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Western State Colorado University</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Accompanying Gunnison’s agricultural boom was the opening of the State Normal School in 1911. The first college on the <a href="/article/western-slope"><strong>Western Slope</strong></a>, it was founded as a preparatory school for teachers. In 1923, due to its expanding and highly respected liberal arts programs, the name was changed to Western State College of Colorado. New buildings, including a library and the president’s house, were added during the 1930s. After <strong>World War II</strong>, enrollment steadily increased, peaking at around 3,000 in 1970. In 2012, with student body of 2,300, the college was renamed Western State Colorado University.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Natural Areas</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Gunnison National Forest was established in the spring of 1905. Forest Rangers were initially met with suspicion and hostility from area ranchers anxious about the potential loss of grazing land. But these fears proved unfounded; as it did elsewhere, the <a href="/article/us-forest-service-colorado"><strong>Forest Service</strong></a> allowed livestock to range on forest land, and at the same time made painstaking efforts to ensure that grazing did not compromise the health of the forest.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In 1964 the Wilderness Act permitted the establishment of a number of wilderness areas in Gunnison County, including West Elk Wilderness in 1964 and the Collegiate Peaks and Raggeds Wildernesses in 1980.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Blue Mesa Dam and Reservoir</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>Blue Mesa Dam, a 390-foot earthen barricade on the Gunnison River a few miles before it enters the <a href="/article/black-canyon-gunnison"><strong>Black Canyon</strong></a>, was designed in the mid-twentieth century as part of the <strong>Colorado River Storage Project</strong>. The project’s ultimate goal was to build an interstate system of strategically placed dams and reservoirs that would store and regulate the flow of the <a href="/article/colorado-river"><strong>Colorado River</strong></a>. The part of the project on the Gunnison River included not only Blue Mesa Dam but also the Morrow Point Dam and power plant, and was referred to as the <strong><a href="/article/wayne-aspinall">Wayne Aspinall</a></strong> Unit. With the <a href="/article/bureau-reclamation-colorado"><strong>Bureau of Reclamation</strong></a> overseeing construction, work on the Blue Mesa Dam began in 1961 and ended in 1971.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>In addition to helping the Bureau of Reclamation achieve its goal of regulating the Colorado River, Blue Mesa Dam contributed to Gunnison County’s rapidly growing tourism industry. Blue Mesa Reservoir, one of three reservoirs at the center of the Curecanti National Recreation Area, soon became a hotspot for boating, fishing, camping, and hiking.</p>&#13; &#13; <h2>Today</h2>&#13; &#13; <p>As indicated by the popularity of its reservoirs, national forests, and the Crested Butte Ski Resort, the Gunnison County economy today relies heavily on tourism. Twenty-five percent of employment in the county is in the leisure and hospitality sector. The tourism industry as a whole creates jobs for 1,870 people, more than the seven biggest employers in the county combined. However, most of these jobs pay an average of only $17,000, leading a significant number of residents to rate county employment opportunities as “fair” or “poor” in the county’s 2013 Biennial Survey.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Ranching remains an important and attractive aspect of Gunnison County’s identity, as well as an economic driver. Gunnison ranches produce an estimated 3 million pounds of beef each year valued at $13 million, and many tourists have reported that the sprawling ranches make the county landscape more attractive, especially in winter. Organizations such as the Gunnison Ranchland Conservation Legacy, founded in 1996, work to keep ranching profitable and environmentally sustainable.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Along with employment opportunities, Gunnison County also faces challenges related to school funding, a higher-than-average poverty rate, and a housing shortage. However, the same rural charm and scenic beauty that attracts so many tourists appears to have also won the hearts of county residents, as they continue to report satisfaction with their quality of life and to recommend Gunnison County as a place to live.</p>&#13; </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/gunnison-county" hreflang="en">gunnison county</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/gunnison" hreflang="en">gunnison</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/john-gunnison" hreflang="en">john gunnison</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/crested-butte" hreflang="en">crested butte</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/curecanti" hreflang="en">curecanti</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/gunnison-river" hreflang="en">gunnison river</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/ranching" hreflang="en">ranching</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/black-canyon-gunnison" hreflang="en">black canyon of the gunnison</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Thomas Andrews, <em>Killing for Coal: America’s Deadliest Labor War</em> (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010).</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://cattlemensdays.com/">Cattlemen’s Days website</a>.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> “Gunnison County,” <em>Colorado County Histories Notebook </em>(Denver: History Colorado, 1989–2000).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Gunnison County, “<a href="http://www.gunnisoncounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/3453">Gunnison County Economic Indicators Report</a>,” August 2014.</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://gunnisonvalleyranching.org/">Gunnison Valley Ranching</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>The National Citizen Survey, “<a href="http://www.gunnisoncounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/2939">Gunnison County, CO 2013 Benchmark Report</a>” (National Research Center and the International City / County Management Association, 2013), Wilderness.net.</p>&#13; &#13; <p> National Park Service,  “<a href="https://www.nps.gov/cure/learn/historyculture/explorer_gunnison.htm">John W. Gunnison Expedition</a>,” n.d.</p>&#13; &#13; <p>Virginia McConnell Simmons, <em>The Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico </em>(Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2000).</p>&#13; &#13; <p>US Forest Service, “<a href="https://foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/region/2/colorado/sec1.htm">National Forests of Colorado</a>,” last updated September 12, 2011.</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p><a href="https://www.thebluemesa.com/">Blue Mesa Reservoir</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://www.gunnisonco.gov/">City of Gunnison</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>Colorado.com Staff, "<a href="https://www.colorado.com/articles/blue-mesa-reservoir-colorado-beach">Blue Mesa Reservoir: Colorado Beach</a>," Colorado Tourism, 2017. </p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://www.skicb.com/">Crested Butte Ski Resort</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>Robert K. Fielding, “<a href="http://users.gavtron.com/millardcounty.com/massacre.html">A Brief Summary of the Gunnison Massacre: Utah Territory, October 26, 1853</a>,” Millard County, Utah.</p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="http://www.gunnisoncounty.org/">Gunnison County</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://gunnisonlegacy.org/">Gunnison Ranchland Conservation Legacy</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p><a href="https://gunnisoncrestedbutte.com/">Things to Do in Gunnison and Crested Butte</a></p>&#13; &#13; <p>Duane Vandenbusche, <em>The Gunnison Country </em>(Gunnison, CO: B&amp;B Printers, 1980).</p>&#13; </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Tue, 23 Feb 2016 23:22:19 +0000 yongli 1119 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org