%1 http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/ en Comanche Crossing http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/comanche-crossing <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Comanche Crossing</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-12-19T14:24:18-07:00" title="Monday, December 19, 2016 - 14:24" class="datetime">Mon, 12/19/2016 - 14:24</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/comanche-crossing" data-a2a-title="Comanche Crossing"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fcomanche-crossing&amp;title=Comanche%20Crossing"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>On August 15, 1870, the first permanent railroad link across the United States from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast was completed when the final spike was driven in the Kansas Pacific Railway at Comanche Crossing in northeast Colorado. The exact spot is just east of Strasburg, near railroad mile marker 602, and the event is commemorated with a monument in Strasburg’s Lyons Park. In 1970 the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places to honor the centennial of the railroad’s completion.</p> <h2>Coast-to-Coast Rail Service</h2> <p>Most people think that the first transcontinental railroad in the United States was completed on May 10, 1869, when the Union Pacific Railroad joined the Central Pacific Railroad in a famous celebration at Promontory, Utah. This is true, to a point. That railroad connected Omaha, Nebraska, to Sacramento, California, but there was not yet a permanent, continuous rail line from an Atlantic Coast port to a Pacific Coast port. Even after the Central Pacific extended its line to San Francisco Bay later that year, one major gap still existed between Omaha, Nebraska, and Council Bluffs, Iowa, where cargo had to be ferried across the Missouri River because there was no permanent railroad bridge. Ice bridges could be constructed across the river in the winter—as one was in early 1870, providing a temporary connection from coast to coast—but those lasted only a few months before the ice started to break up.</p> <p>Meanwhile, new railroad and bridge connections south of the main Union Pacific–Central Pacific line forged the first permanent rail link from coast to coast. On June 30, 1869, the first railroad bridge across the Missouri River opened in Kansas City. By that time the Kansas Pacific Railway was building west toward Denver, and the Denver Pacific Railroad was working to connect Denver to the main Union Pacific line in Cheyenne. In June 1870, the Denver Pacific completed its work. Crews started building east from Denver to meet the Kansas Pacific, which had already reached eastern Colorado. On August 14, the westbound crew reached Bennett and the eastbound crew reached Byers, leaving just over ten miles between them. The race to finish started at 5 am on August 15, and at 2:53 pm the two sides joined at a site 928 feet east of mile marker 602, near the crossing of Comanche Creek.</p> <p>By linking the east side of the Missouri River at Kansas City to the Union Pacific–Central Pacific line that reached the West Coast, the joining of the rails at Comanche Crossing completed the first permanent, unbroken stretch of rail across the continent. This route remained the only all-rail route from coast to coast until March 22, 1872, when the Union Pacific completed a permanent railroad bridge across the Missouri River at Omaha.</p> <h2>Monument to Comanche Crossing</h2> <p>In the early twentieth century, the town of Strasburg took shape less than a mile west of Comanche Crossing. In 1969 residents formed the Comanche Crossing Historical Society to promote local history, and in 1970 the community held a centennial celebration of the completion of the first coast-to-coast rail line. At that time the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The original rails have been replaced and there is no marker at the exact spot where the rails were joined, but the historical society has placed a monument in Strasburg’s Lyons Park and operates a small museum nearby that is open during the summer.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/encyclopedia-staff" hreflang="und">Encyclopedia Staff</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/kansas-pacific-railroad" hreflang="en">kansas-pacific railroad</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/strasburg" hreflang="en">Strasburg</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-railroads" hreflang="en">Colorado Railroads</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>“Comanche Crossing,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form (1970).</p> <p>Emma Michell, <em>Comanche Crossing Centennial, 1870–1970: Commemorating the Completion of the First Permanent, Continuous Chain of Railroads Between the Atlantic and the Pacific Coasts</em> (Strasburg, CO: Eastern Colorado News, 1970).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Robert Collins, <em>Kansas Pacific: An Illustrated History</em> (David City, NE: South Platte Press, 1998).</p> <p>Waldo Crippen, “The Kansas Pacific Railroad: A Cross Section of an Age of Railroad Building” (master’s thesis, University of Colorado, 1932).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 19 Dec 2016 21:24:18 +0000 yongli 2121 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org William Jackson Palmer http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/william-jackson-palmer <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">William Jackson Palmer</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-article-image.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-article-image.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div id="carouselEncyclopediaArticle" class="carousel slide" data-bs-ride="true"> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2510--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2510.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/william-jackson-palmer"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/William%20Jackson%20Palmer%20Media%206_0.jpg?itok=ZEbvWsaq" width="350" height="499" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/william-jackson-palmer" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">William Jackson Palmer</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>William Jackson Palmer 1836-1909, founder of Colorado Springs, Colorado, builder of several railroads including the D&amp;RGW.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * node--2511--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--2511.html.twig x node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig * node--image.html.twig * node--article-detail-image.html.twig * node.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image--image.html.twig * field--node--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--field-encyclopedia-image.html.twig * field--image.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-encyclopedia-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <a href="/image/william-jackson-palmer-0"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/wide/public/William%20Jackson%20Palmer%20Media%206_1.jpg?itok=I0Xn7wNz" width="350" height="499" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" class="image-style-wide" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> </a> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="carousel-caption d-none d-md-block"> <h5><a href="/image/william-jackson-palmer-0" rel="bookmark"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--image.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">William Jackson Palmer</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> </a></h5> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--image.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--image.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>William Jackson Palmer, American Civil War, 1861. He became a general during the war.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/content/node--image--article-detail-image.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <button class="carousel-control-prev" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Previous</span> </button> <button class="carousel-control-next" type="button" data-bs-target="#carouselEncyclopediaArticle" data-bs-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="visually-hidden">Next</span> </button> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--field-article-image--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/users/yongli" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">yongli</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--encyclopedia-article.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2016-08-01T13:33:50-06:00" title="Monday, August 1, 2016 - 13:33" class="datetime">Mon, 08/01/2016 - 13:33</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'addtoany_standard' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * addtoany-standard--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * addtoany-standard--node.html.twig x addtoany-standard.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="http://coloradoencyclopedia.org/article/william-jackson-palmer" data-a2a-title="William Jackson Palmer"><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoloradoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle%2Fwilliam-jackson-palmer&amp;title=William%20Jackson%20Palmer"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'modules/contrib/addtoany/templates/addtoany-standard.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-body"><p>William Jackson Palmer (1836–1909) was a military general, railroad tycoon, and founder of <a href="/article/colorado-springs"><strong>Colorado Springs</strong></a>. Though a Quaker from Delaware, Palmer fought for the Union Army during the <a href="/article/civil-war-colorado"><strong>Civil War</strong></a>. After the war, he moved west and became a civil engineer and philanthropist who played an integral part in Colorado’s development. As the founder and owner of the <strong>Denver &amp; Rio Grande Railroad</strong>, Palmer helped stimulate economic growth as well as the expansion of transportation in the American West during the late nineteenth century. Palmer is also well known for his philanthropy, which included the founding of the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs and other institutions for the public benefit.</p> <h2>Civil War General</h2> <p>Scholars debate how to reconcile Palmer’s Quakerism with his involvement in the Civil War. A pacifist by religion, Palmer received a Medal of Honor for his leadership of a cavalry unit during a battle at Red Hill, Alabama, in 1865. With fewer than 200 men, he attacked and defeated a larger enemy force, captured the fieldpiece, and took 100 prisoners—all without losing a man. Palmer’s military record seems to contradict his Quakerism, but historian Leah Davis-Witherow believes that Palmer fought for the Union because of his commitment to pacifism, not in spite of it. She argues that fighting for the Union served Palmer’s religious obligations since it helped put an end to slavery, an abominable form of organized violence.</p> <h2>Railroad</h2> <p>After the war, Palmer joined the <strong>Kansas-Pacific Railroad</strong>, which he helped bring to <a href="/article/denver"><strong>Denver</strong></a> in 1870. In Denver, Palmer married Mary Lincoln Mellon, and on their honeymoon he saw a narrow-gauge railroad for the first time. He was impressed by its cheap cost, sharp turning radius and capacity to climb steep hills. Realizing that this kind transportation met the challenges of Colorado’s mountainous landscape, Palmer, upon his return home, together with <strong>Dr. William Bell</strong> founded the<strong> Denver &amp; Rio Grande Western Railroad</strong>. The first narrow-gauge railroad line was completed on October 21, 1871. It ran from Denver to what later became Colorado Springs, opening up trade between both municipalities as well as the rest of the country. In the early days, the rail line was essential for transporting gold and fuel from the <a href="/article/pikes-peak"><strong>Pikes Peak</strong></a> mines to Denver, which was rapidly becoming a hub of commerce. By ensuring that gold and coal from mines made it to market, Palmer’s railroad became an important part of Colorado’s developing economy.</p> <h2>Founding of Colorado Springs</h2> <p>As their railroad dreams came to fruition, Palmer and Bell founded the Fountain Colony at the foot of Pikes Peak in 1871. By 1879 the town had been renamed Colorado Springs after the numerous hot springs in the surrounding area. Palmer hoped to use his railroad to bring <a href="/article/tuberculosis-colorado"><strong>tuberculosis</strong></a> sufferers from the eastern part of the United States to his new town so they could enjoy the health benefits of the nearby hot springs. His plan worked to perfection. By 1900, Palmer’s town was known as “America’s Playground” and was one of the most popular vacation and health destinations in the United States.</p> <h2>Legacy</h2> <p><a href="/image/william-jackson-palmer-statue"><img alt="William Jackson Palmer Statue" src="/sites/default/files/William_Jackson_Palmer_20170525_01.jpg" style="float:right; height:460px; margin:15px; width:320px" /></a>Palmer had a lasting impact on the state of Colorado, especially on Colorado Springs. He founded Colorado Springs, now the second largest city in Colorado, retired and died there in 1909. As a philanthropist, Palmer established the <a href="/article/colorado-school-deaf-and-blind"><strong>Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind</strong></a>. He also helped to found a <a href="/article/tuberculosis-colorado"><strong>tuberculosis</strong></a> hospital and the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. In addition to these facilities, many southwestern Colorado institutions have been named after him or dedicated in his honor. These include the William J. Palmer high school in Colorado Springs, the social sciences building on the Colorado College campus, and a statue in downtown Colorado Springs at the intersection of Nevada and Platte Avenues. The Colorado Cultural Resources survey describes that the statue as “William Jackson Palmer and his favorite horse, Diablo. The statue faces south, with the General (in civilian attire) in a relaxed pose facing southwest towards Pike Peak.” Without Palmer, Colorado Springs might not have been brought into existence, and the town certainly would not have developed into the educational and cultural hub it is today.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-author"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-author">Author</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-author"><a href="/author/ambriz-cynthia" hreflang="und">Ambriz, Cynthia</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-keyword--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-keyword.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-keyword.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-keyword field--type-entity-reference field--label-above" id="id-field-keyword"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-keyword">Keywords</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/william-jackson-palmer" hreflang="en">william jackson palmer</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/history-colorado-springs" hreflang="en">history of colorado springs</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-springs-history" hreflang="en">colorado springs history</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/colorado-springs-william-jackson-palmer" hreflang="en">colorado springs william jackson palmer</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/kansas-pacific-railroad" hreflang="en">kansas-pacific railroad</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-rio-grande-railroad" hreflang="en">denver &amp; rio grande railroad</a></div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-keyword"><a href="/keyword/denver-and-rio-grande-railroad" hreflang="en">Denver and Rio Grande Railroad</a></div> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links--inline.html.twig * links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/contrib/bootstrap_barrio/templates/navigation/links--inline.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-references-html--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-references-html.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-references-html.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-references-html field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-references-html"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-references-html">References</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-references-html"><p>Deborah Harrison and the Manitou Springs Heritage Center, <em>Then and Now:</em> <em>Manitou Springs</em> (Charleston: Arcadia, 2012).</p> <p>Allan C. Lewis, <em>Railroads of the Pike’s Peak Region</em> (Charleston: Arcadia, 2006).</p> <p>US Army, “<a href="https://history.army.mil/html/moh/civwarmz.html">Medal of Honor Recipients, Civil War (M-Z)</a>.”</p> <p>“<a href="https://www.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/Kids_Students/Bios/William_Palmer.pdf">William Jackson Palmer</a>,” History Colorado.</p> <p>“<a href="https://www.springsgov.com/plan/historic3/documents/reports2/56.pdf">William Jackson Palmer Equestrian Statue</a>,” Colorado Cultural Resource Survey Architectural Inventory Form 5EP649 (September 1998).</p> <p>Leah Davis-Witherow, “A Question of Conscience: William Jackson Palmer and His Quaker Faith,” in <em>Legends, Labors &amp; Loves of William Jackson Palmer</em>, eds. Tim Belvins, Dennis Daily, Chris Nicholl, Calvin P. Otto, and Katherine Scott Studevant, (Colorado Springs: Pikes Peak Library District, 2009).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-additional-information-htm--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-additional-information-htm.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-additional-information-htm field--type-text-long field--label-above" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"> <div class="field__label" id="id-field-additional-information-htm">Additional Information</div> <div class="field__item" id="id-field-additional-information-htm"><p>Joyce B. Lohse, <em>General William Palmer: Railroad Pioneer</em> (Palmer Lake, CO: Filter, 2009).</p> <p>Rocky Mountain PBS,&nbsp;<a href="https://video.rmpbs.org/video/2365647119/">"Garden of the Gods,"</a>&nbsp;<em>Colorado Experience</em>, January 21, 2016.</p> <p>Jim Sawatzki, <em><u>The Life and Times of General William Jackson Palmer: Founder of Colorado Springs, Colorado</u></em>, DVD (Colorado Springs: Community Video Center of the Pikes Peak Library District, 2004).</p> <p>Brit Allan Storey, <em>William Jackson Palmer: A Biography</em> (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1969).</p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-4th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-4th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-4th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-4th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-4th-grade"><p>William Jackson Palmer (1836–1909) was a Civil War general. After the war, he became a railroad tycoon and the founder of Colorado Springs. He was a Quaker from Delaware. Despite this, Palmer fought for the Union Army during the Civil War. After the war, he moved west. He played an important part in Colorado’s development. He became the founder and owner of the Denver &amp; Rio Grande Railroad. He also founded the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.</p> <h2>Civil War General</h2> <p>Scholars debate how to reconcile Palmer’s Quakerism with his involvement in the Civil War. Palmer was a pacifist by religion. However, he received a Medal of Honor for his leadership of a cavalry unit during a battle at Red Hill, Alabama, in 1865. With fewer than 200 men, he attacked and defeated a larger enemy force. Palmer took 100 prisoners—all without losing a man. Palmer’s military record seems to contradict his Quakerism. Palmer may have fought for the Union because of his pacifism. Fighting for the Union helped put an end to slavery, a form of organized violence.</p> <h2>Railroad</h2> <p>After the war, Palmer joined the Kansas-Pacific Railroad. He helped bring the railroad to Denver in 1870. In Denver, Palmer married Mary Lincoln Mellon. On their honeymoon he saw a narrow-gauge railroad for the first time. He was impressed by its cheap cost and ability to climb steep hills. This kind transportation met the challenges of Colorado’s mountainous landscape. Palmer, along with Dr. William Bell, founded the Denver &amp; Rio Grande Western Railroad. The first narrow-gauge railroad line was completed on October 21, 1871. It ran from Denver to what later became Colorado Springs. The railroad opened up trade between both cities and the rest of the country. The rail line transported gold and fuel from the Pikes Peak mines to Denver. Palmer’s railroad became an important part of Colorado’s economy.</p> <h2>Founding of Colorado Springs</h2> <p>Palmer and Bell founded the Fountain Colony at the foot of Pikes Peak in 1871. By 1879 the town had been renamed Colorado Springs after the numerous hot springs in the area. Palmer hoped to use his railroad to bring tuberculosis sufferers to his new town. There, they could enjoy the health benefits of the nearby hot springs. His plan worked. By 1900, Palmer’s town was known as “America’s Playground.” It was one of the most popular vacation and health destinations in the United States.</p> <h2>Legacy</h2> <p>Palmer had a lasting impact on the state of Colorado. He founded Colorado Springs. Palmer retired and died there in 1909. Palmer helped to found the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. Many southwestern Colorado institutions have been named after him or dedicated in his honor. These include the William J. Palmer high school in Colorado Springs and a statue in downtown Colorado Springs. The statue features the General (in civilian attire) in a relaxed pose facing southwest towards Pike Peak.” Without Palmer, Colorado Springs might not have been founded. The town would not have developed into what it is today.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-8th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-8th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-8th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-8th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-8th-grade"><p>William Jackson Palmer (1836–1909) was a Civil War general, railroad tycoon, and founder of Colorado Springs. Though a Quaker from Delaware, Palmer fought for the Union Army during the Civil War. After the war, he moved west and became a civil engineer and philanthropist. He played an important part in Colorado’s development. As the founder and owner of the Denver &amp; Rio Grande Railroad, Palmer helped stimulate economic growth and expand transportation in the American West. Palmer is also well known for his philanthropy. He founded the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.</p> <h2>Civil War General</h2> <p>Scholars debate how to reconcile Palmer’s Quakerism with his involvement in the Civil War. Palmer was a pacifist by religion. However, he received a Medal of Honor for his leadership of a cavalry unit during a battle at Red Hill, Alabama, in 1865. With fewer than 200 men, he attacked and defeated a larger enemy force. Palmer took 100 prisoners—all without losing a man. Palmer’s military record seems to contradict his Quakerism. Palmer may have fought for the Union because of his commitment to pacifism. Fighting for the Union helped put an end to slavery, a form of organized violence.</p> <h2>Railroad</h2> <p>After the war, Palmer joined the Kansas-Pacific Railroad. He helped bring the railroad to Denver in 1870. In Denver, Palmer married Mary Lincoln Mellon. On their honeymoon he saw a narrow-gauge railroad for the first time. He was impressed by its cheap cost and ability to climb steep hills. This kind transportation met the challenges of Colorado’s mountainous landscape. Palmer, along with Dr. William Bell, founded the Denver &amp; Rio Grande Western Railroad. The first narrow-gauge railroad line was completed on October 21, 1871. It ran from Denver to what later became Colorado Springs. The railroad opened up trade between both cities and the rest of the country. The rail line was essential for transporting gold and fuel from the Pikes Peak mines to Denver. Palmer’s railroad became an important part of Colorado’s developing economy.</p> <h2>Founding of Colorado Springs</h2> <p>Palmer and Bell founded the Fountain Colony at the foot of Pikes Peak in 1871. By 1879 the town had been renamed Colorado Springs after the numerous hot springs in the area. Palmer hoped to use his railroad to bring tuberculosis sufferers from the eastern part of the United States to his new town, so they could enjoy the health benefits of the nearby hot springs. His plan worked. By 1900, Palmer’s town was known as “America’s Playground.” It was one of the most popular vacation and health destinations in the United States.</p> <h2>Legacy</h2> <p>Palmer had a lasting impact on the state of Colorado. He founded Colorado Springs. Palmer retired and died there in 1909. As a philanthropist, Palmer helped to found the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. Many southwestern Colorado institutions have been named after him or dedicated in his honor. These include the William J. Palmer high school in Colorado Springs and a statue in downtown Colorado Springs. The statue faces south, with the General (in civilian attire) in a relaxed pose facing southwest towards Pike Peak.” Without Palmer, Colorado Springs might not have been founded. The town would not have developed into what it is today.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-10th-grade--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--node--field-10th-grade.html.twig x field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig * field--field-10th-grade.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-10th-grade field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" id="id-field-10th-grade"><p>William Jackson Palmer (1836–1909) was a Civil War general, railroad tycoon, and founder of Colorado Springs. Though a Quaker from Delaware, Palmer fought for the Union Army during the Civil War. After the war, he moved west and became a civil engineer and philanthropist. He played an important part in Colorado’s development. As the founder and owner of the Denver &amp; Rio Grande Railroad, Palmer helped stimulate economic growth as well as the expansion of transportation in the American West. Palmer is also well known for his philanthropy. His charitable activities included the founding of the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs and other institutions for the public benefit.</p> <h2>Civil War General</h2> <p>Scholars debate how to reconcile Palmer’s Quakerism with his involvement in the Civil War. Palmer was a pacifist by religion. However, he received a Medal of Honor for his leadership of a cavalry unit during a battle at Red Hill, Alabama, in 1865. With fewer than 200 men, he attacked and defeated a larger enemy force. Palmer captured the fieldpiece and took 100 prisoners—all without losing a man. Palmer’s military record seems to contradict his Quakerism. Historian Leah Davis-Witherow believes that Palmer fought for the Union because of his commitment to pacifism. She argues that fighting for the Union served Palmer’s religious obligations. It helped put an end to slavery, an abominable form of organized violence.</p> <h2>Railroad</h2> <p>After the war, Palmer joined the Kansas-Pacific Railroad. He helped bring the railroad to Denver in 1870. In Denver, Palmer married Mary Lincoln Mellon. On their honeymoon he saw a narrow-gauge railroad for the first time. He was impressed by its cheap cost, sharp turning radius and capacity to climb steep hills. This kind transportation met the challenges of Colorado’s mountainous landscape. Palmer, along with Dr. William Bell, founded the Denver &amp; Rio Grande Western Railroad. The first narrow-gauge railroad line was completed on October 21, 1871. It ran from Denver to what later became Colorado Springs. The railroad opened up trade between both cities and the rest of the country. In the early days, the rail line was essential for transporting gold and fuel from the Pikes Peak mines to Denver. Palmer’s railroad became an important part of Colorado’s developing economy.</p> <h2>Founding of Colorado Springs</h2> <p>Palmer and Bell founded the Fountain Colony at the foot of Pikes Peak in 1871. By 1879 the town had been renamed Colorado Springs after the numerous hot springs in the area. Palmer hoped to use his railroad to bring tuberculosis sufferers from the eastern part of the United States to his new town so they could enjoy the health benefits of the nearby hot springs. His plan worked. By 1900, Palmer’s town was known as “America’s Playground.” It was one of the most popular vacation and health destinations in the United States.</p> <h2>Legacy</h2> <p>Palmer had a lasting impact on the state of Colorado, especially on Colorado Springs. He founded Colorado Springs, now the second largest city in Colorado, retired and died there in 1909. As a philanthropist, Palmer established the Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind. He also helped to found a tuberculosis hospital and the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. In addition to these facilities, many southwestern Colorado institutions have been named after him or dedicated in his honor. These include the William J. Palmer high school in Colorado Springs, the social sciences building on the Colorado College campus, and a statue in downtown Colorado Springs at the intersection of Nevada and Platte Avenues. The Colorado Cultural Resources survey describes that the statue as “William Jackson Palmer and his favorite horse, Diablo. The statue faces south, with the General (in civilian attire) in a relaxed pose facing southwest towards Pike Peak.” Without Palmer, Colorado Springs might not have been brought into existence, and the town certainly would not have developed into the educational and cultural hub it is today.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/encyclopedia/templates/field/field--node--encyclopedia-article.html.twig' --> Mon, 01 Aug 2016 19:33:50 +0000 yongli 1543 at http://coloradoencyclopedia.org